In Korea, slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a rare disease. In which the capital femoral epiphysis migrate posteriorly and inferiorly against the neck portion. Sometimes it should be differentiated from other conditions that separate the femoral capital epiphysis. We have experienced a rare case of separation of capital femoral epiphysis due to an osteosarcoma in the proximal femoral metaphysis in the 15 years of old girl.
Epiphyses ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Neck ; Osteosarcoma ; Rare Diseases ; Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses

PURPOSE: To find out the effects that different tomographic angles have on the osteophytic lesion detectability of condyle head by comparison the individualized lateral tomographic image with the various tomographic angled images using SCANORA . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is performed to simulate osteophytic lesions by a series of dentin chips placed at six locations on condyle head. The control angle is 15 and from this angle, tomographic angle were varied with -10 , +10 , +20 . All the images with each sized dentin chip were scored by three dental radiologists with the use of confidence levels for presence or absence of the lesion, each examiner viewed one of the images twice. A rating scale from 0 to 2 (0, lesion definitely not present; 1, uncertain if lesion is present; 2, lesion definitely present). Responses were assessed by Tukey's multiple comparison method and kappa value. RESULTS: 1. The lesion size of 0.3 mm could not be detected in all the tomographic angles. As the size of the lesion increased the average value of lesion detectability also increased. Therefore the average value for the lesion size of 2.0 mm was the highest in every angle. 2. In the leson sizes of 0.7 mm there was statistically significant difference between the 15 control angle and the altered tomographic angles (p<0.05). In 1.0 mm lesion there was no significant difference in the 10 altered angles (p>0.05), but there was significant difference in the +20 altered angle (p<0.05). In the lesion sizes of 0.3 mm and 2.0 mm there was no significant difference between the 15 control angle and all the altered angles (p>0.05). 3. In the medial, superocentral, lateral area of the condyle there was no significant difference between the 15 control angle and all the altered angles (p>0.05). In the anteromedial, anterosuperior, anterolateral area there was no significant difference between the 15 control angle and the 10 altered angle (p>0.05), but in the comparison with the +20 alterd angle there was significant difference (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: When imaging the lateral tomography of the temporomandibular joint used by SCANORA , it can be considered that in the osteophytic lesion size of 2 mm and above, the tomographic angle difference within +20 to the horizontal angle of the condyle, has little effect on the lesion detectability. And in the lesion size of 1 mm, the altered angle within 10 also has little effect on the lesion detectability.
Dentin ; Head ; Mandibular Condyle* ; Radiography, Dental, Digital ; Temporomandibular Joint

The scanora X-ray unit uses the principles of narrow beam radiography and spiral tomography. Starting with a panoramic overview as a scout image, multiple tomographic projection could be selected. This study evaluated the accuracy of spiral tomography in comparison to routine panoramic radiography for dental implant treatment planing. An experimental study was performed on a cadaver mandible to assess the accuracy of panoramic radiography and spiral tomography film images for measurement of metallic spheres. After radiographic images of the metallic spheres on the surgical stent were measured and corrected for a fixed magnification of radiographic images, following results were obtained. 1. In the optimal position of the mandible, the minimal horizontal and vertical distortion was evident in the panoramic radiography images. The mean horizontal and vertical magnification error in anterior sites was 5.25% and 0.75%, respectively. The mean horizontal and vertical magnification error in posterior sites was 0.50% and 1.50%, respectively. 2. In the displaced forward or in and eccentric position of the mandible, the magnification error of the panoramic radiography images increased significantly over the optimal position. Overall, the mean horizontal magnification error of the anterior site in the different position changed dramatically within a range of -17.25% to 39.00%, compared to the posterior range of -5.25% to 8.50%. However, the mean vertical magnification error stayed with the range of 0.5% to 3.75% for all the mandibular positions. 3. The magnification effects in the tomographic scans were nearly identical for the anterior and posterior with a range of 2.00% to 5.75% in the horizontal and 4.50% to 5.50% in the vertical dimension, respectively. 4. A statistically significant difference between the anterior and posterior measurements was found in the horizontal measurements of the panoramic radiography images of the displaced dorward and backward position of the mandiblw(P<0.05). also a significant difference between the optimal panoramic and tomographic projections was found only in the vertical measurement (P<0.05).
Cadaver ; Dental Implants ; Mandible ; Radiography ; Radiography, Dental, Digital ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Stents ; Vertical Dimension

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of spiral tomography through the comparison and analysis of SCANORA cross-sectional tomographs and DentaScan computed tomographic images of dry mandibles taken by a SCANORA spiral tomographic machine and a computed tomographic machine. Thirty-one dry mandibles with full or partial edentulous areas were used. To evaluate the possible effect of location in the edentulous area, it was divided into 4 regions of Me (region of mental foramen), M1 (the midportion between Me and M2), M2 (the midportion between mental foramen and mandibular foramen) and S (the midportion of the mandibular symphysis). A ZPC column (sized 4 mm X 5 mm) was seated on the edentulous regions of Me, M1, M2 and S using the acrylic stent. Then SCANORA spiral tomography and computed tomography were taken on the edentulous regions which contained the ZPC column. The ZPC columns and cross-sectional images of the mandible were measured in the radiographs by three observers and the differences between the two imaging modalities were analysed. The results were as follows: 1. In comparing the actual measurements of the ZPC column and measurements in the radiographs, the mean error of the DentaScan computed tomography was 0.07 mm in vertical direction and -0.06 mm in horizontal direction, while the mean error of the SCANORA spiral tomography was 0.06 mm in vertical direction and -0.12 mm in horizontal direction. There was a significant difference between the two radiographic techniques in the horizontal measurement of the ZPC column of the symphysis region (p<0.05). but there was no significant difference in the measurements of other regions>0.05). 2. In measurements of the distance from the alveolar crest to the inferior border of the mandible (H), and of the distance from the alveolar crest to the superior border of the mandibular canal (Y), there was no significant difference between the two radiographic techniques (p>0.05). 3. In measurements of the distance from the lingual border of the mandible to the buccal border of the mandible (W), and of the distance from the lingual border of the mandible to the lingual border of the mandibular canal (X), there was a significant difference between the two radiographic techniques in measurements of the midportion between the mental foramen and the mandibular foramen (M2) (p<0.05). but there were no significant differences in measurements of the other regions of symphysis>0.05). 4. Considering the mean range of measurements between observers, the measurements of SCANORA spiral tomography showed higher value than those of DentaScan computed tomography, except in measurements of symphysis (S). 5. On the detectability of the mandibular canal, there was no significant difference between the two radiographic techniques (p>0.05). In conclusion, SCANORA spiral tomography demonstrated a higher interobserver variance than that of DentaScan computed tomography for implant site measurements in the posterior edentulous area of the mandible. These differences were mainly the result of difficulty in the detection of the border of the mandible in SCANORA spiral tomography. But considering the cost and the radiation exposure, SCANORA spiral tomography can be said to be relatively good radiographic technique for implant site measurement.
Mandible* ; Radiography, Dental, Digital ; Stents

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to propose standard values for alveolar and basal bone in normal adult mandibles, and radiologically analyze the remodeling process of the edentulous mandible by examining molar areas and comparing them to the established normal values. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Panoramic and CT scans of mandible were performed on 20 normal adults and 20 edentulous or partially edentulous adults. In both groups, arch half diameter and distance of alveolar bone were measured. Also the distance from the mandibular canal to the caudal edges, the buccal and lingual external borders of basal bone, were measured. A statistical comparison between the mean values of normal and edentulous mandibles was carried out in the selected areas. RESULTS: There was evidence of decreasing arch half diameter and distance in the edentulous mandible, but statistically no significant change was seen between the normal and edentulous alveolar bone. There was evidence of decreasing buccal basal bone and increasing in the lingual basal bone in the edentulous mandible. A statistically significant difference between normal and edentulous mandibles was noted in the buccal basal bone. CONCLUSION: There was an inward and forward atrophic change of the edentulous mandibular molar area compared to the control. CT scanning required the use of sophisticated and expensive procedures to analyze the remodeling process of edentulous mandibles. Consequently, the development and application of a more simplified and objective radiographic procedure for broad and long-term study of remodeling procedures of edentulous mandible was recommended.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Humans ; Mandible* ; Molar ; Reference Values ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to propose standard values for alveolar and basal bone in normal adult mandibles, and radiologically analyze the remodeling process of the edentulous mandible by examining molar areas and comparing them to the established normal values. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Panoramic and CT scans of mandible were performed on 20 normal adults and 20 edentulous or partially edentulous adults. In both groups, arch half diameter and distance of alveolar bone were measured. Also the distance from the mandibular canal to the caudal edges, the buccal and lingual external borders of basal bone, were measured. A statistical comparison between the mean values of normal and edentulous mandibles was carried out in the selected areas. RESULTS: There was evidence of decreasing arch half diameter and distance in the edentulous mandible, but statistically no significant change was seen between the normal and edentulous alveolar bone. There was evidence of decreasing buccal basal bone and increasing in the lingual basal bone in the edentulous mandible. A statistically significant difference between normal and edentulous mandibles was noted in the buccal basal bone. CONCLUSION: There was an inward and forward atrophic change of the edentulous mandibular molar area compared to the control. CT scanning required the use of sophisticated and expensive procedures to analyze the remodeling process of edentulous mandibles. Consequently, the development and application of a more simplified and objective radiographic procedure for broad and long-term study of remodeling procedures of edentulous mandible was recommended.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Humans ; Mandible* ; Molar ; Reference Values ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The authors investigated the accuracy and reliability of three-dimensional and reformatted computed tomographic images by comparing direct measurements on the dry mandible and the measurements on three-dimensional and reformatted computed tomographic images of the dry mandible. 29 Korean dry mandibles were imaged and 16 items of measurements were measured. The results were as follows; 1. The correlation coefficients between the two methods were between 0.95 and 0.99, except for the measurement of Go-Pg. 2. The mean differences of the measurements between the two methods ranged from -0.52 to 0.42 mm and the range of standard deviations for these mean differences was 0.28 to 2.70 mm. 3. Of the difference scores in total measurements, 75.9% were within 1 mm and 95.9% were within 2mm. In conclusion, the agreement between the two methods was excellent and the measurements of the threedimensional and reformatted computed tomographic images were reliable. The three-dimensional and reformatted computed tomographic images can be an useful method in anthropologic study.
Mandible*

The purpose of this study was to compare and to find out the variability of head film measurements(landmarks ide ntification) between Fuji computed radiographic cephlometry and conventional cephalometry. 28 Korean adults were selected. Lateral cephalometric FCR film and conventional cephalometric film of each subject wa s taken. Four investigators identified 24 cephalometric landmarks on lateral cephalometric FCR film and conventional cep halometric film were statistically analysed. The results were as follows: 1. In FCR film and conventional film, coefficient of variation(C.V.) of 24 landmarks was taken horizontally and ver tically. 2. In comparison of significant differences of landmarks variability between FCR film and coventional film, horizonta l value of coefficient of variation showed significant differences in four landmarks among twenty-four landmarks, but ve rtical a value of coefficient of variation showed significant differences in sixteen landmarks among twenty-four landmar ks. FCR film showed significantly less variability than conventional film in 17 subjects among 20(4+16) subjects that sho wed significant difference.
Adult ; Cephalometry* ; Head* ; Humans ; Research Personnel

The antiarrhythmic efficacy if low dose amiodarone treatment was studied in 30 cases of ventricular premature beats(VPBs). Amiodarone was administered 600mg daily in three divided doses for for initial 7-10 days as loadihg dosage,then 100-200mg once daily as maintenance. The results obtained were as follow : 1) The complete control of VPBs was achieved by amiodarone treatment in 90%, 27cases of 30 cases(all 11 cases with simple VPBs and 16 cases of the remainders with complex VPBs). 2) The QT interval and QTc were significantly prolonged, whereas heart rate was reduced significantly after amiodarone treatment. 3) In 27 cases of responder, the frequency of VPBs began to decrease overtly 2-3 days after amiodarone administration, then relatively stablized in 6 days, and complete cnotrol of VPBs was achieved in all cases about 10 days after treatment. 4) No significant side-reaction was observed except the decrease of serm T3 level after treatment.
Amiodarone* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Heart Rate ; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

PURPOSE: To determine normal CT number range of parotid gland by analyzing the change by age increase and the difference among individuals and between both sexes in CT number of normal parotid gland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 134 subjects who took the CT scan between the period of Jan. 1996 and Dec. 1997 at Yonsei University, Dental Hospital were selected. Criteria for selection were that the patients must be within the normal range clinically and radiologically, and the entire parotid gland on the axial view must be shown. Among the axial views, the one showing the greatest parotid gland size was selected and its CT number was recorded. Also, CT numbers from both masseter muscle were recorded as its control. RESULTS: There was statistically significant correlation between CT number of right and left of parotid glands and masseter muscles. With the increase of age, there is a significant decrease in the CT number of parotid gland (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in CT number between sexes except the 7th decade and beyond age group of parotid gland (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: As age increases, CT number of parotid gland has a tendency to decrease, and there is no significant difference in the CT numbers between left and right parotid gland. Therefore in the CT scan of patients suspected of having an salivary gland disease of the parotid gland, to consider normal range of the age-dependent CT numbers of parotid gland and compare the CT numbers of the right and left parotid gland might be useful in diagnosing the disease.
Aging ; Humans ; Masseter Muscle ; Parotid Gland* ; Reference Values ; Salivary Gland Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed