Objective To investigate the changes of NGF mRNA expression and the effect of exogenous interleukin 1?(IL 1?) on it in rats after traumatic brain injury(TBI) and to explore the mechanism of NGF and IL 1? in TBI. Methods A brain trauma model of fluid percussion in rats was established. Changes of NGF mRNA expression and effect of exogenous IL 1? on it were observed by RT PCR, molecular hybridization and immunocytochemical techniques. Results NGF mRNA expression in the brain injury site and tissues adjacent to it began to increase at 12 h after trauma and increased markedly at 24 h and reached the peak value on the 3rd. Then it decreased gradually, but still higher than that of the control. NGF mRNA expression increased at 3 h after trauma in IL 1? treatment group and was significantly higher than that in simple trauma and control groups( P

Objective To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic percutaneous common bile duct exploration (LPCBDE) with internal draining tube placement for the treatment of cholelithiasis. Methods The clinical data of 962 patients with choledocholithiasis who were admitted to the No. 451 Hospital of PLA were retrospectively analyzed. A self-made internal draining tube was placed in the common bile duct and duodenum to drain bile internally. The correct position of the internal draining tube was comfirmed by injecting water into and draining water from duodenum. The internal draining tube was pulled out with the help of duodenoscope at 30 days after the operation. Results LPCBDE with internal draining tube placement was successfully performed on 864 patients. Forty-two patients were transferred to open surgery, and 56 patients were transferred to receive LPCBDE with T-tube drainage. The mean operation time was (36 ± 18) minutes (range, 20-72 minutes), and the length of postoperative hospital stay was (6.6 ±2.1)days. Two patients were complicated with retroperitoneal abscess and they were cured by puncture and drainage, 32 patients were complicated with bile leakage and they were cured by conservative treatment. A total of 862 patients were followed up by B ultrasound at 30 days after the operation. The internal draining tube which was confirmed in the common bile duct was extracted with duodenoscope in 603 patients; the internal draining tube which was drawn back in 1 patient was removed with endoscopic sphincterotomy ( EST); the internal draining tube was removed naturally in 258 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 3 years, 26 patients had recurrent cholelithiasis and they were treated by EST. Conclusions LPCBDE with internal draining tube placement is a safe and minimally invasive method for the treatment of cholelithiasis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound or CT guided percutaneous Trucut needle biopsy on the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors.Methods One hundred and twenty-four patients clinically diagnosed as pancreatic cancer without pathological diagnosis underwent percutaneous pancreatic biopsy by using Trucut needle under ultrasound or CT guidance.ResultsOne hundred and nine procedures of ultrasound-guided biopsy and 15 procedures of CT-guided biopsy were performed,and one patient received 2.3times of punctures.Tissue samples were obtained in all 124 patients,the diagnostic accuracy was 95.2％,among them 115 were adenocarcinoma,5 were cystadenoma,2 were metastasis cancer,1 was cancer of unknown origin and 1 was normal.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy were 99.2％ 100％,and 99.2％,respectively.Transient serum amylase increase was observed in 3 patients; 5 patients' abdominal pain aggravated,but all recovered with conservative management.One patient was found to have tumor seeding on the spot of insertion after 34 days.No other major complications occurred.ConclusionsUltrasound or CTguided percutaneous pancreatic 16 ～ 18G Trucut needle biopsy is a safe and simple procedure with excellent diagnostic value for pancreatic cancer.

Objective To confirm the death of a child injured by a dog was due to rabies and to understand the molecular biologic features of rabies virus in Kaili,Guizhou province.Methods Brain tissue samples of patient and dog were collected to detect the rabies virus by direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) and RT-nested PCR assay.Homology and phylogenetic tree were analyzed based on the whole nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of N gene of rabies virus followed by molecular epidemiological analysis.Results Both the human and dog brain tissue samples were confirmed positive by DFA and RT-nested PCR assay.The homology analysis of N gene sequences among GZH,GZD and other epidemic and vaccine rabies strains isolated from other provinces and other countries indicated that the detected samples shared the highest homology with the strain detected in Anlong prefecture in Guizhou in the year of 2006,and the homology between GZH and GZD was as high as 100％.Besides,among the vaccine strains,GZH and GZD showed the highest homology with strain CNT.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two samples were very close and belonged to genetype 1 lyssavirus,with the closest relationship between samples reported in Guizhou and Beijing.Conclusion It was confirmed on the viral molecular level that both the human and dog in Kaili were suffered from rabies,and the pathogens were genetype 1 lyssavirus.The prevalent strains in Kaili city was probably imported from other prefectures of Guizhou province,suggesting that prevention and control measures on rabies in Guizhou province should be strengthened.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and percutaneous cryosurgery sequential therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Four hundred and twenty patients with unresectable HCC were divided into sequential TACE-cryosurgery sequential (sequential) group (n=290) and cryosurgery alone (cryoalone) group (n = 130). TACE was performed with the routine operation; the percutaneous cryosurgery was conducted 2 to 4 weeks after TACE. The patients were followed up at the first month and once every 2 to 3 month later. Liver ultrasound or both computer tomography and alpha fetal protein were examined during follow-up. Results During a mean follow-up of (42±17) months (range from 24 to 70 months), the local recurrence rate of ablated lesion was 17% for all the patients, 11% and 24% for patients in sequential group and cryoalone groups respectively (P=0. 001). The overall 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-and 5-year survival rate was 72%, 57%, 47%, 39% and 31%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year survival rates (71% and 61 % ) in sequential group were similar to those (73 % and 54 % ) in cryo-alone group (P=0.69 and 0. 147), while the 4- and 5-year survival rates were higher in sequential group (49 % and 39 % ) than those (29 % and 23 % ) in cryo-alone group (P= 0.001). Eighteen patients with large HCC (＞5 cm in diameter) in sequential group survived for more than 5 years while no one in cryo-alone group. Complication rate was 24% in all patients, 21% and 26% for the sequential and cryo-alone groups respectively (P=0. 06). The incidence of hepatic bleeding was higher in cryo-alone group than in sequential group (P=0. 02). Liver crack occurred in two patients of the cryoalone group. Conclusions Pre-cryosurgical TACE increased the cryoablation efficacy and decrease its complications, especially hepatic bleeding. TACE and cryosurgery sequential therapy may be a better treatment for unresectable HCC, especially for large HCC.

To study the characteristic of glycoprotein gene sequence of rabies virus in Guizhou Province in recent years and provide scientific basis for effective control and prevention of rabies,RT-PCR assay were used to detect human and dog brain tissues derived from different prefectures of Guizhou.The amplification products were sequenced and analyzed with bioinformatics software.The results showed that the full-length G gene sequences of 8 positive samples were obtained by RT-PCR amplification,sequencing and splicing.The homology of eight G gene sequences from Guizhou Province were between 87.4％ -99.9％ and 83.3.％- 100％ on nucleotide and deduced amino acid level,respectively,and the highest homology were found with the genotype 1 strains ( 86.5 ％- 87.0％ for nucleotide and 83.3 ％- 100 ％ for amino acid) among genotype 1- 7 representative strains.Besides,phylogenetic analysis based on the G gene indicated that the relationship of 8 strains derived from Guizhou were closest to genotype 1 Lyssavirus,and the strains of Guizhou were very close to the strains come from Hubei,Hunan,Anhui,Guangxi,Jiangsu provinces and Shanghai,except for GZ01 and GZ09.Moreover,GZ09 were evolutionarily closed to the strains come from Malaysia and Thailand,while the remaining sequences were closed to the strain of Indonesia.This study confirmed on the G gene level that rabies virus epidemic strains circulated in Guizhou Province in recent years belonged to rabies virus genotype 1 and the evolutionary relationship with reported strains come from different provinces of China and different countries were revealed in this study.It will provide scientific basis for effective control and prevention of human and animal rabies in Guizhou Province.

Objective To observe the adverse reaction, tumor response and short term outcomes of percutaneous cryoablation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer, and investigate its feasibility. Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients with locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer underwent percutaneous cryoablation at our hospital from Sept. 2008 to Sept. 2009, were prospectively studied. Percutaneous cryoablation was performed with an argon/helium-based cryosurgical system under the guidance of ultrasound.Freezing probe was inserted into the center of pancreatic mass and two cycles of freezing were performed with each cycle for 5 min and temperature at-160℃, then the temperature was returned to normal for 10 min.Serum amylase was detected before operation and 1 to 7 days postoperatively. CT or PET-CT scanning was performed for evaluation of tumor response every 4 to 6 weeks after cryoablation. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results 59 patients had a total of 76 biopsy-proven tumors, which were located at the pancreas head (n = 56), body (n = 7), and tail (n = 13). The median size of tumor was 4.5 cm (range 3 ～6 cm). Nineteen patients had liver metastases. Postoperative abdominal pain occurred in 45 cases (76.3%),fever occurred in 29 cases (49.2%) and elevation of serum amylase occurred in 34 cases (57.6%). Severe complications including intra-abdominal bleeding, pancreatic leaks, ileus, and metastasis by probe tract occurred in 5 cases (8.5%). There was no death associated with cryoablation. The median hospital stay was 21 days. 2 patients (3.4%) achieved complete response, 23 patients (39.0%) achieved partial response,30patients (50.8%) had stable disease, 4 patients(6.8%) had progressive disease. The median survival was 8.4 months. The overall survival at 3, 6 and 12 months was 89.7%, 61.1% and 34.5%, respectively.Conclusions Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoablation appears to be a safe and feasible, minimally invasive technique for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Objective To explore the feasibility and validity of Satir model on compulsory drug rehabilitation for female drug users in closed settings. Methods Satir Model-based group psychotherapy was adopted in the treatment on 33 female drug users. Results The findings are that the pre-treatment SCL-90 scores were all higher than norm,indicating very high significant differences(P＜0.01) ; while the post-treatment SCL-90 scores,except the score of somatization, were approximate to norm, showing no statistical differences(P ＞0. 05). Conclusion Satir model played a positive role in the process of female drug users mental health recovery.

Objective To observe the blood biochemical and histological changes before and after pancreas freezing, to provide evidence for cryosurgery for pancreatic cancer. Methods Fifteen healthy pigs were divided into deep frozen group (n = 5), shallow frozen group (n = 5), non-frozen group (n = 3) and normal group (n = 2). After anesthesia and Iaparotomy, a probe of the Argon-Helium Surgical System was inserted into the pancreas, 100% and 10% argon output power were used in deep and shallow frozen group, respectively;and the temperature were - 130 ～ - 140℃ and - 110 ～ - 120℃, respectively;which results in an ice-ball with 15 ～ 20 mm in diameter. Then helium gas was inputted to increase the temperature to 10 ～ 20℃ for three minutes;then the whole process was repeated. A probe was inserted into the pancreas in the non-frozen group only and only laparotomy was performed in non-grozen group normal group and normal group. Serum amylase, IL-6, CRP levels before and after the experiment was determined;the pigs were sacrificed at day 7 and the pancreas was harvested for light microscope and electron microscope examination. Results The frozen pancreatic tissue became pitchy necrosis zone, and it could be distinguished from non-frozen tissue;there were obvious tissue necrosis in the center and para-center of frozen area, and the ultra-structure were destroyed and disappeared, mitochondria degranulation and rough endoplasmic reticulum degrannlation were observed. Serum amylase was elevated in 13 (86.7%) pigs and most returned to normal at 6th day. Serum IL-6 was slightly elevated in 5 (33.3%) pigs. There was no significant difference among all the groups in term of serum CRP. All the pigs were alive until the time of sacrifice. Conclusions Cryosurgery has affirmative fatal ablative effects on pancreatic tissue, and it is safe with no serious complications.

Objective To study the differences of glycoprotein gene (G gene) between rabies virus epidemic strains of Guizhou province in recent years and vaccine strains,and to provide scientific basis for the development of rabies vaccine and establishment of effective control and prevention measures.Methods RT-PCR assay was used to amplify the G gene of rabies positive brain tissues samples of human and dog derived from Guizhou province in recent years.The amplification products were sequenced and comparatively analyzed with that of vaccine strains by using bioinformatics software.Results Eight full-length G gene sequences were obtained by RT-PCR amplification,sequencing and splicing.The homogeny of G gene between 8 epidemic strains of Guizhou province and 9 vaccine strains were 82.0％-94.1％ and 87.6％-97.5％ on nucleotide and deduced amino acid level,respectively,and the highest homogeny were found with the human vaccine strain CTN (87.0％-94.1％ for nucleotide and 93.7.％-97.5％ for amino acid) among the 6 human rabies vaccine strains,while highest homogeny were found with strain Flury (83.9％-84.6％ for nucleotide and 91.1％-93.0％ for amino acid) among the three animal vaccine strains.Besides,among the 8 epidemic strains from Guizhou province,strain GZ09 collected in the year of 2005 was of the highest homogeny with human rabies vaccine strain CTN and animal rabies vaccine strain Flury,while strain GZ30 collected in the year of 2010 was of lowest homogeny with human rabies vaccine strain CTN and animal rabies vaccine strain Flury.Moreover,phylogenetic analysis based on the G gene indicated that the relationship of 8 epidemic strains derived from Guizhou,the 9 vaccine strains and genotype 1 Lyssavirus were clustered to a same branch.Vaccine strain CTN among the 9 vaccine strains was closest to the 8 epidemic strains,and the other 8 vaccine strains were relatively more distant from the epidemic strains of Guizhou province.In addition,phylogenetic analysis indicated that among the 8 epidemic strains from Guizhou province,strain GZ09 collectcd in the year of 2005 was of closest evolutionary relationship to CTN,while the other 7 epidemic strains were relatively more distant from CTN.Conclusion This study confirmed on the G gene level that rabies virus strains circulated in Guizhou province in recent years and the vaccine strains used in China belonged to rabies virus genotype 1,and the virus strains circulated in Guizhou province in recent years is of smallest difference with the human vaccine strain CTN and animal vaccine strain Flury.Besides,as time goes on,the difference between the epidemic strain and the vaccine strains becomes more and more obvious.The results of this study will provide scientific basis for the development of rabies vaccine and establishment of effective control and prevention measures.