BACKGROUND: Hydrofluoric acid(HF) is one of the strong stirritating, corrosive and poisonous inorganic acid, The HF burns are occuring with ever-increa firifrequency due to the wide use of this acid in industrial fields, such as electronics and semicor tor industries. OBJECTIVE: The purpie of this study is to quantiate theound depths produced by varying concentrations of HF aiud to suggest the treatment guideline. METHODS: Uarious cinicentrations of HF(5%, 25%, 50%),were applied to two pairs of test sites on a guinea pig's back in a uniform fashion with cotton-tip applicators and then the histopathologic changes of guinea pig skin were observed. RESULTS: 1, In the 5% HF applied group, intracellular edema vaobserved in the epidermis after 12 hours. After 3days, epidermal cell necrosis was observed. 2. In the 25% HF applied group, intraepidermal vesice was observed after 6hours. After 12hours, inflammatory cell infiltrations were observed in the apper dermis and then after 3days, dermal necrosis was oberved. 3. In the 50% HF applied group, epidermal cell necros After 6hours, liquefaction degeneration in the epidermis an was observed focally after 3hours. iflhmmatory cell infiltrations in the upper dermis were observed. After 2days, dermalar.ecrosis was observed and then after days, the reaction was at its peak and subcutaneous tissuc. necrosis was observed. CONCLUSION: This study showed that a higher concentrator HF exposure enhances The penetration of HF. For treatmi not alcohloic solution of a quarternary ammonium for avintralesional injection of calcium gluconate within 24 hours of HF and a longer period after we suggest wet dressing with an concentration of HF burn and high concentration of HF burn.
Ammonium Compounds ; Animals ; Bandages ; Burns* ; Calcium Gluconate ; Dermis ; Edema ; Epidermis ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Hydrofluoric Acid* ; Necrosis ; Skin

Hereditary angioedema is a rare genetic disease transmitted with a autosomal dominant trait result of a quantitative or functional defect of Cl inhibitor. We report three cases of heriditary angioedema from the same famly respectively the 35-year-old sister, the younger bn)ther of 32, and the younger sister of 20 The older sister died due to her airway being obstructel by acute laryngeal edema, and her you igirbrother and sister experienced recurrent episodes oswelling on the hand and forearm. The ore we examined the two patients serum complement levils to confirm diagnosis. In both, the r;ults showed decreased levels of Cl inhibitor and C4 which are the evidence of hereditary a giedema. The younger sister has been administered danazol (600mg/day) to prevent angioedem or 8 weeks, and we have not yet found a recurrenc of he symptoms. However, well cont ol the dosage of danazol because amenorchea has developec.
Adult ; Angioedema ; Angioedemas, Hereditary* ; Complement System Proteins ; Danazol ; Diagnosis ; Forearm ; Hand ; Humans ; Laryngeal Edema ; Siblings

Sebaceous carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm usually associated with ocular adnexa. This malignancy may occur at any anatomic site that contains sebaceous glands. Despite the widespread anatomic distribution of sebaceous glands, extraocular sebaceous carcinoma occurs with far less frequency. We report a case of an 87-year-old Korean woman with extraocular sebaceous carcinoma treated with total excision.
Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Sebaceous Glands

Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola is a rare skin disordr characterized clinically by thickening and discoloration of the skin of the areola and/or nipple and pathoiog cally by papillomaosis or acanthosis-nigricans like changes. We report a case of hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola occuring in a woman with no underlying endocrinopathy and no other additional hyperkeratotic conditions. Ttie iresent case seems to be the nevoid form by the Levy-Franckel classification. Treatment with topical medications including steroids and keratolytic agents produced no improvement. Therefore we recommeneded surgical excision because the paient was greatly disturbed by the appearance of the lesions. Surgical excision and full thickness skin graft were performed sucessfully.
Classification ; Female ; Humans ; Keratolytic Agents ; Nipples* ; Skin* ; Steroids ; Transplants*

Pityriasis lichenoides Chronica is a cutaneous disorder of unknown etiology and characterized pathologically by vasculitis and clinically by its marked chronicity and lack of specific treatment. Emollient-phototherapy is a recently introduced effective treatment for psoriasis. The authors treated 3 patients with pityriasis lichenoides chronica by the emollient-phototherapy technic with quite satisfactory results.

We report here on a case of secondary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that occurred in a 67-year-old man who had a 2-month history of nodular growing masses on the left cheek, plus palpable lymph nodes on the left cervical area. The histopathological findings showed a diffuse infiltration of large atypical lymphocytes with nuclear atypia throughout the entire dermis. These showed positive CD20, bcl-2 and the post-germinal center marker, MUM-1. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) classification, this lymphoma is considered to be diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the post-germinal center (GC) B-cell type with a secondary cutaneous manifestation. We treated the patient with systemic chemotherapy (CHOP) and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. During the course of treatment, new skin lesions developed on his neck, so we changed the regimen to cytosin- arabinoside and cisplatin. But he died of pneumonia after the third cycle.
Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Cheek ; Cisplatin ; Classification ; Dermis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Neck ; Pneumonia ; Skin ; World Health Organization

Chondroid syringoma is an uncommon, benign neoplasm of sweat gland origin. It clinically presents as a slowly-growing intradermal or subcutaneous nodule, and is usually observed on the head and neck of middle-aged to elderly people. Histologically, two types of chondroid syringoma can be recognized: one common type has tubular and cystic lumina and the other extremely rare type has small tubular lumina. We herein report a rare case of chondroid syringoma with small tubular lumina.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic* ; Aged ; Head ; Humans ; Neck ; Sweat Glands

BACKGROUND: More than 10 years have passed since the second multicenter study on standard patch test were carried out in Korea (1986-1993) and an update is needed. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the type, frequency and changes of the common contact allergens in Korea. METHODS: Standard patch tests were performed using Finn chamber on Scanpor tape on in-patients and out-patients with contact dermatitis from January 2000 to July 2006. Epidemiologic findings of patients and the results of the patch tests were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 528 patch tested cases (male 135, female 393) were compiled and analyzed. The highest age distribution was 5th decade in males and 3rd decade in females. Patients' employment background showed that housewives and office-workers were the most frequently expected jobs consisting 32.4% and 15.2% respectively. The face, including eyelid and lip, was the most frequently affected site comprising 61.2%. The highest sensitization rates were found with : nickel (31.1%), neomycin (9.3%), cobalt (6.4%) and potassium (6.3%). The lowest positivity included : Me-Cl-Isothiazolinone (0.4%), 7-mercaptobenzothiazole (0.8%), black rubber mix (0.8%) and wool alcohol (0.8%). While nickel and neomycin showed increased reacitivities, formaldehyde, fragrance mix and colophony showed a decreased tendency when compared with those of other previous studies. CONCLUSION: These results provide the basis for the presumption of the route of allergen exposure and prevention of contact dermatitis in Korea.
Age Distribution ; Allergens ; Cobalt ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Employment ; Eyelids ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Korea ; Lip ; Male ; Neomycin ; Nickel ; Outpatients ; Patch Tests* ; Potassium ; Rubber ; Wool

Congenital smooth muscle hamartomas (CSMHs) usually appear at birth as skin-colored or slightly hyperpigmented patches or plaques on the trunk or extremities and are often covered by and increased amount of vellus hair. Histopathologically, it represents a proliferation of smooth muscle bundles within the dermis(1,2). We herein report on three cases of localized CSMHs; Case 1 was a 2-month-old boy who presented with a skin-colored, 6x5cm-sized plaque with folds, hypertrichosis and pseudo- Darier's sign on the face, an unusual site. But there was no hyperpigmentation. Case 2 and 3 were both 1-month-old boys who presented with typical hyperpigmented, hairy plaques on the lateral aspect of the left thigh.
Extremities ; Hair ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hypertrichosis ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Parturition ; Thigh

Drug eruptions are common, occurring in 2% to 3% of hospitalized patients. The majority of reactions are mild, accompanied by pruritus, resolving promptly after the offending drug is discontinued. An eruption caused by itraconazole is very rare and there have been no previous reports in Korea. A 60-year-old man was seen with multiple erythematous papules and patches that appeared after oral administration of itraconazole and gradually the skin lesions changed to purpura. Given the widespread use of itraconazole for onychomycosis, a purpuric drug eruption should be considered a rare complication of therapy.
Administration, Oral ; Drug Eruptions* ; Humans ; Itraconazole* ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Onychomycosis ; Pruritus ; Purpura ; Skin