Objective To construct the immune genes expression profile database of multiple sclerosis (MS) and to screen the high immune related candidate genes by using microarray analysis Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products on behalf of 484 immune related genes from mixed tissue library were assembled on the modified Oako glass slide The general RNA from MS patients and normal persons lymphocytes was transcripted to cDNA by RT PCR and labelled with cy 3 and cy 5 The two probes were mixed and hybridized with the above mentioned gene chips Scan array 4000 was used for scanning the hybridizing signals and GenePix Pro3 0 for date analysis Results Of the total 484 double genes monitored,22 genes of group one showed changes in expression level of the ratio outside 0 5 and 2.0;27 genes differ in group 2;72 genes change in group 3 With the same consistent gene ID of the double genes, the group one was 6,the group tow was 9 and the group three was 30 Conclusions These results show that the different expression of immune related genes might occur between MS patients and normal persons It might also afford a view of the changes that these genes should be probably related to the occurrence, development or progress of MS The cell immune related genes might be the important and most immune related genes involved in MS pathogenesis The results suggest the deeper insights into the mechanism,relapsing and treatment of MS

Objective: To investigate HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance in HIV/AIDS patients who failed in antiretroviral therapy in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for improving antiretroviral therapy strategy. Methods: Totally 128 plasma samples of HIV/AIDS patients who failed in antiretroviral therapy (treatment for more than 6 months and viral load ≥1 000 copies/mL) from January 1 to November 30, 2023 were collected. After nucleic acid extraction and amplification, the sequences of HIV-1 pol genes were determined using first generation sequencing method, then submitted to HIV resistance database of Stanford University in the United States, and the subtypes, drug resistance mutations and drug resistance status of HIV-1 were analyzed. Results: A total of 118 sequences of HIV/AIDS patients were obtained, including 94 males and 24 females (male to female ratio, 3.9︰1). There were 53 cases aged between 40 to 59 years, accounting for 44.92%. The main infection routes was heterosexual contact, with 92 cases accounting for 77.97%. The main HIV-1 gene subtypes were CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE, with 45 and 39 cases accounting for 38.14% and 33.05%, respectively. There were 75 cases found to have drug-resistant site mutations, with a mutation rate of 63.56%. The most common mutation sites were M184 and K103, with mutation rates of 29.66% and 28.81%, respectively. There were 58 cases with resistance to more than one drug, with a rate of 49.15%. The rates of resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and protease inhibitors (PI) were 50.00%, 33.90% and 4.24%, respectively. Conclusion The HIV-1 gene subtypes of HIV/AIDS patients who failed in antiretroviral therapy in Jinhua City are mainly CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE, which are mainly resistant to NNRTI and NRTI.

Objective To detect a novel mutation in SCN4A gene related to normokalemic periodic paralysis (normoPP) in one Chinese family.Methods Genomic DNA of two patients and their relatives in this family was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All 24 exons of SCN4A gene were screened with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) technology,and then sequence analysis of those DHPLC chromatograms showing heteroduplex were compared with the unaffected controls.Results Routine laboratory tests were carried on within normal ranges with the exception of an elevated creatine kinase (1126 U/L,normal

Objective To study the clinical features of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (hyperKPP) and the relationship with SCN4A gene in a Chinese family Methods The clinical features of 7 patients in a Chinese family with hyperKPP were summarized All 24 exons of SCN4A gene were screened with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) technology, and then sequence analysis was performed on those with abnormal elution peak Results This family showed typical clinical features of hyperKPP but without myotonia Three mutations were found in exon 13, 23 and 24 respectively Linkage analysis and direct sequencing showed the mutation in exon 24 was a synonymous mutation The mutation in exon 23 was a missense mutation, but proved to be a benign polimophism; the mutation in exon 13 was proved leading to the best known amino acid exchange Thr704Met Conclusion SCN4A gene should be related to hyperKPP, and Thr704Met be responsible for hyperKPP in this Chinese family

Objective · To obtain the latest data on phospholipid composition of human milk in Shanghai and compare the differences in phospholipid composition at different lactation stages. Methods · Healthy postpartum women who delivered full-term infants in the Obstetrical Department of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between April and July, 2016 were enrolled. The colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk were collected at Day 3, 10, and 45 after delivering babies, respectively. Human milk fat was extracted with Folch's method and phospholipids were separated with solid phase extraction (SPE). The phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin were quantitatively analyzed with HPLC/VWD. The differences in phospholipid composition at different lactation stages were compared with univariate analysis of variance and Games-Homell test. Results · One hundred women who provided at least one breast milk sample were enrolled. A total of 70 colostrum samples, 96 transitional milk samples, and 82 mature milk samples were collected. The total phospholipid content of mature milk [(281.93±118.54) μg/g] was significantly lower than that of colostrum [(381.99±205.90) μg/g]. At all lactation stages, the relative content of phosphatidylcholine was the highest (53.74%-59.36%), followed by sphingomyelin (28.12%-32.74%). The relative content of phosphatidylethanolamine was constant (P=0.617), the relative content of phosphatidylcholine gradually decreased (P=0.000), and that of sphingomyelin gradually increased (P=0.000) during the lactation. Conclusion · Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine are major components of human milk phospholipids. The amount of phospholipids varies during the lactation. The total amount of phospholipids is lower in mature milk than in colostrum and transitional milk. The relative content of phosphatidylethanolamine is consistent at all lactation stages, the relative content of phosphatidylcholine gradually decreases, and that of sphingomyelin gradually increases.

Background JAK/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signal pathway plays a critical role during the sclera remodeling of experimental myopia.As a tyrosine kinase inhibitor,AG490 can inhibit the activation of this pathway.But whether AG490 plays a role in delaying the development of myopia is not completely clear.Objective This study was to investigate the inhibition of AG490 to activation of STAT3 signaling pathway and the sequential arresting effect on the sclera remodeling in form-deprived myopia (FDM) models.Methods Forty guinea pigs were randomly divided into the normal control group,model control group,PBS control group and AG490 treatment group.FDM models were established by the occlusion of the right eyes of guinea pigs for consecutive 4 weeks using translucent goggles in the model control group,PBS control group and AG490 treated group,and 25 μl PBS or AG490 were respectively injected into vitreous since the first day of modeling in two-day interval till the fourth week in the PBS control group and AG490 treated group.Refractive state and axial length were examined with retinoscopy and A-scan ultrasonography before and 4 weeks after experiment.The experimental eyes were extracted in the fourth week,and the expressions of scleral STAT3,p-STAT3,metal matrix proteinase-2 (MMP-2) proteins and STAT3 mRNA,MMP-2 mRNA were detected by immunocytochemstry and semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) respectively.The use and care of experimental animals followed ARVO.Results Compared to the normal control group,the negative refraction power and axial length were significantly increased in the model control group,PBS control group and AG490 treated group,and the axial length in the AG490 treated group was smaller than those in the model control group and PBS control group,showing significant differences among the 4 groups (refraction:F =89.063,P =0.000;axial length:F =96.145,P =0.000).The expressions of STAT3,MMP-2 and p-STAT3 in scleral tissue were weaker in the normal control group.The expressional values (A values) of STAT3,p-STAT3 and M MP-2 were 0.064 ± 0.016,0.019 ± 0.002 and 0.155 ± 0.052 in the AG490 treated group,which were lower than 0.129±0.008,0.071 ±0.021,0.425 ±0.004 of the model control group and 0.130±0.004,0.069±0.002,0.421 ±0.042 of the PBS control group (STAT3:t =4.641,9.364,both at P＜0.01;p-STAT3:t =4.638,4.488,both at P＜ 0.05;MMP-2:t =9.123,9.029,both at P ＜ 0.05),however,these expressions were still higher than those of the normal control group (t =2.674,2.251,2.682,all at P ＜0.05).The expressional levels (A values) of STAT3 mRNA and MMP-2 mRNA in the AG490 treated group were 0.295±0.032 and 0.569±0.019,which were significantly lower than 0.547±0.015 and 0.782±0.051 in the model group as well as 0.544±0.015 and 0.779±0.048 in the PBS control group (STAT3 mRNA:t =10.115,11.703,both at P＜0.01;MMP-2 mRNA:t =9.218,9.494,both at P＜0.01).The expressional levels (A values) of STAT3 mRNA and MMP-2 mRNA in the AG490 treated group were still higher than those in the normal control group (t=2.576,3.565,both at P＜0.05).Conclusions AG490 can ultimately inhibit the development of axial myopia by arresting the activation of STAT3 signaling pathway in the FDM eyes and further regulating the expression of MMP-2 in sclera and delaying the remodeling of sclera.

Objective To construct the genes expression profile database of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model and to screen the high candidate genes with microarray analysis. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products on behalf of 4 096 genes from mixed mice tissue library were assembled on the modified Oako glass slide. The general RNA from 6 EAE mice model and 6 normal mice head was transcripted into cDNA by RT-PCR and labelled with cy-3 and cy-5.6 groups each consist one EAE mice and a control. These two probes were mixed and hybridized with the above mentioned gene chips. Scan array 4000 was used for scanning the hybridizing signals and GenePixPro 3.0 for date analysis. Results Of the total 4 096 genes monitored, 43 genes in group one showed changes in expression level of the ratio outside 0.5 and 2, 30 genes differed in group two, 176 genes changed in group three, 76 in group four, 294 in group five and 129 in group six. Conclusions The results showed the consistent different genes expression throughout the EAE mice model. The genes related to immune, cell structure, cell cycle, ion channel, signal transduction, protein synthesis and metabolism are involved in EAE pathogenesis. The results provide deeper insights into the mechanism of EAE and multiple sclerosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of non-linear dynamics characteristics of EEG of the patients with menopause depression under eyes closed state.MethodsEEG were recorded in 18 patients with menopause depression and 18 healthy volunteers under eyes closed state. Approximate entropy (ApEn) was calculated for all subjects.ResultsApEn of the menopause depression group at eyes closed state increased significantly compared with that of the healthy control group.ConclusionDynamic non-linear analysis is more appropriate for the study of mental functions changes of menopause depression.

Objective: To investigate the effects of extract of Bulbus Allii Caespitosi on cardiocyte viability of swines with myocardial reperfusion injury by analyzing the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) position emission tomography (PET) imaging. Methods: Twenty-four swines were randomly divided into sham-operated group, untreated group, trimethazine group and extract of Bulbus Allii Caespitosi group. Myocardial reperfusion injury was induced by plugging the anterior descending coronary artery of swine with sacculus. Bulbus Allii Caespitosi or trimetazidine was given twice daily for 28 days. Then myocardial perfusion was detected with (18)F-FDG PET/CT and the radioactivity distribution was evaluated. Results: Compared with the untreated group, Bulbus Allii Caespitosi and trimetazidine could improve the activity of myocardial cells after myocardial infarction (P<0.01), and there were no significant differences between Bulbus Allii Caespitosi and trimetazidine (P>0.05). Conclusion: Bulbus Allii Caespitosi can improve myocardial metabolism after ischemia and reperfusion in swines.

Relapse, which puzzled several generations of hematologists, is the bottle-neck of radical treatment for leukemias. The progress of Human Microbiome Project at the beginning of 21st century suggested that human body was a super-organism constituted by the core of human cells and symbiotic microorganisms. The elucidation and characterization of endogenous retrovirus and prion protein suggested the possible effects of co-evolutional microorganisms on human health. Recently, the elucidation of the roles of tunneling nanotubes in intercellular communication and transportation suggested a novel way for cellular communication and transport of oncogenic materials. The role and significance of in vivo cell fusion have been studied in more detail. On the other hand, donor cell leukemia was reported. All of these approaches provide novel insights for studying the mechanism of leukemia relapse. Based on previous work, the authors suggest the hypothesis: there are two possible mechanisms for the relapse of leukemias: the minimal residual disease (MRD) and intercellular transportation of oncogenic materials.
Cell Fusion ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Neoplasm, Residual ; pathology ; Recurrence