Objective To investigate histopathological changes and expression of integrin ?1 of sternomastoid muscle,and probe the mechanism and significance during disease process in congenital muscular torticollis(CMT).Methods Histopathological changes of sternomastoid muscle section stained with HE and Gomori silver staining were observed and the expression of integrein ?1 with immunohistochemistry was detected,and the expressive quantity and distribution with image analysis system was quantitive analyzed.Results 1.With light microscopy observation,the results showed that the fibrous degeneration of sternomastoid muscle could be summed up 2 kinds: A category displayed the myocytes atrophyed,and there were lots of connective tissue hyperplasy around myocytes,and the direction of fibrous arrangement was disordered,meanwhile there were lots of vessels and nervers hyperplasy,and eventually the myocytes shrank back and disappeared.B category displayed that the structure of cross striation or sarcomere disappeared or changed,and myocytes could maintained the outline and the sarcolemma were integrated,and then fibrous pathological changes of myocyte took place,and there were lots of fibroblast-like that had much more enations between fiber bundles.With Gomori silver staining,the major changes of fibrotic sternomastoid muscle showed that there were lots of collagenous fibers hyperplasy.The arrangements of collagenous fibers were disordered in A category and were well-arranged in B ca-tegory.2.With immunohistochemistry,the results showed the expression of integrin ?1 was weak positive in normal control group(125.7?5.167).In diseased groups,the results showed 3 different extents:the expression of integrin ?1 displayed stronger positive in A category myocytes(30.15?6.543),and the level of expression was significantly different from normal controls(P0.05).Conclusions The fibrous pathological changes of sternomastoid muscle are a complicated and gradually process,which may has different mode,and ingetrin ?1 may participated the process of pathological changes.

A method of LC-QTOF/MS combining with chemical synthesis has been used to determine the structures of three novel bile acids from bear bile powder. Reference substances of tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid were oxidized by pyridinium chlorochromate. The products were analyzed by LC-QTOF/MS. Total 4 products including 3 isomers were predicted and identified according to the PCC oxidation theory and LC-QTOF/MS results. Bear bile powder samples were dissolved by methanol and analyzed by LC-QTOF/MS. Three unknown peaks were found and identified as 2-[[(3beta, 5beta)-3-hydroxy-7, 24-dioxocholan-24-yl]amino]-ethanesulfonic acid, 2-[[(5beta)-3, 7, 24-trioxocholan-24-yl]amino]-ethanesulfonic acid and 2-[[(5beta, 7beta)-7-hydroxy-3, 24-dioxocholan-24-yl]amino]-ethanesulfonic acid, separately, by matching their results with that of oxidation products above.
Animals ; Bile ; chemistry ; Bile Acids and Salts ; analysis ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Isomerism ; Molecular Structure ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Powders ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid ; chemistry ; Ursidae

OBJECTIVETFo compare the efficacy and complications rate of intramedullary (IM) nailing or K-wire versus plating fixation for clavicular fractures.

METHODSPubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, CNKI, VIP and Wangfang databases were searched to find all randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of clavicle fractures using plating versus IM nailing or K-wire. The methodologic quality of the studies was assessed. After independent study selection by 2 authors ,data were collected and extracted independently. Outcomes of postoperative shoulder functional measurement, the efficacy and information of the operation and complications rate were meta-analyzed using RevMan 5 software.

RESULTSNine hundreds and seventy-six patients in 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 3 quasi-RCTs were involved in the meta-analysis,of which 5 studies compared the K-wire and the plating fixations and 8 studies compared the IM nailing and the plating fixations. The overall odds ratio(OR) (with 95% CI) of the operation efficacy for K-wire versus the plating was 3.79 (1.93, 7.46). The overall weighted mean difference (with 95% CI) of Constant Shoulder score for plating versus IM fixation was -1.39 (-3.43, 0.65) in 6 studies. The overall OR of the plating versus IM nailing was 9.34(2.70, 32.32) for the overall major complications in 5 studies and 5.04 (1.52,16.77) for the revision rate in 5 studies.

CONCLUSIONThe current limited evidences suggested that the IM fixation could reduce the incidences of the overall major complications and the revision surgery, while the post-operative efficacy of the plating was superior to the K-wire. More high quality RCTs are still needed in the future.

Bone Nails ; Bone Wires ; Clavicle ; injuries ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

OBJECTIVETo establish a capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry(CE-MS) method for the analysis of nineteen organonitrogen pesticides in Paeoniae Radix Alba.

METHODSCE-MS analysis was performed on a 70 cm X 50 μm fused-silica capillary. The optimal buffer was composed of 1 % formic acid and 15 % methanol(V/V, pH 2.2). The temperature of capillary was controlled at 25 degree. The separation voltage was +20 kV. The optimal MS parameters were as follows: ESI-MS analysis was performed in the positive mode; 90 % methanol containing 0.2 % formic acid with a flow rate of 8 μl·min(-1) was selected as the sheath liquid; the flow rate and temperature of drying gas were 6 L·min(-1) and 250 degree, respectively; The nebulizing gas pressure was set at 5 psig; The optimal values of fragmentor and ESI voltage were 100 V and 5 000 V, respectively.

RESULTSThe nineteen pesticides had good linearity over the testing ranges. The average recoveries were in the range of 80.1 %-108.4 % with RSDs less than 20 % (except ethoxyquin and spiroxamine, those of which were 29.2 % and 22.3 % at 0.01 mg.kg(-1) concentration level). The LODs of nineteen pesticides were 0.503 ≊10.1 μg.kg(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe method can be used effectively to analyze the nineteen organonitrogen pesticides residue in Paeoniae Radix Alba.

Electrophoresis, Capillary ; methods ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Pesticide Residues ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 15 pesticides residues in Radix Paeoniae Alba by large volume injection-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(LVI-GC-MS).

METHODSThe pesticides, including organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides and pyrethroid insecticides, were analyzed by LVI-GC-MS using DB-5MS capillary column (30 m X 250 μm, 0.25 μm). The column temperature programming: initial temperature 40 degree for 1 min, with the increasing rate of 20 degree/min to 210 degree for 2 min, then with the increasing rate of 5 degree/min to 280 degree for 22 min. The flow of carrier gas was 1.0 ml/min with the injection volume of 15 μl.

RESULTSThe calibration curves of the pesticides were linear in the specified concentration ranges with correlation coefficients of 0.9937-0.9995. The average recoveries of the pesticides in Radix Paeoniae Alba spiked at two spiked levels ranged from 60.4 % to 106.8 % (for pendimethalin and 4, 4'-DDE those were 53.1 % and 45.2 %) with relative standard deviation(RSD) of 3.6 % to 18.6 % and the detection limits (S/N=3) were in the range of 0.16 μg/kg to 3.59 μg/kg.

CONCLUSIONThe established method for determination of multi-pesticide residue in Radix Paeoniae Alba is rapid, convenient and accurate with high sensitivity and low-cost.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Pesticide Residues ; analysis

The paper is to report the establishment of a method for the determination of multi-residue organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Fifty-six pesticides were extracted by high-speed homogenization, and then purified through gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. The residues were simultaneously identified and quantified by GC-ECD equipped with dual tower, dual column and two micro-ECD detectors. The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of 3 TCMs samples' extracts, spiked at three concentration levels for each pesticide. In general, the recoveries ranging from 70% to 110%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) better than 15%, were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) for most of the targeted pesticides tested was below 0.01 mg kg(-1). The method had good extraction efficiency, purification effect and good reproducibility, which could be applied to the determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in the routine analysis of TCMs.
Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Chromatography, Gel ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated ; analysis ; Limit of Detection ; Pesticide Residues ; analysis ; Pyrethrins ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Solid Phase Extraction

OBJECTIVEMutation screening was performed to a Chinese family with hypokalaemic periodic paraiysis(HOKPP) for locating the corresponding mutations of gene and for specifying the clinical features associated with mutations.

METHODSThe cilnical features of patients from HOKPP family were summurized. Techniques of target exon PCR and direct sequencing were used to screen the mutation in CACNA1S and SCN4A genes in all numbers of the family.

RESULTSTwo patients of the family showed the typical features of HOKPP: the age of disease onset is during the childhood, acetazolamide is effective to patients treated. A heterozygous point mutation 3716 (G>A) causing R1239H was found in exon 30 of CACNA1S gene of the patients, but not found in normal members of the family.

CONCLUSIONThe mutant R1239H in CACNA1S gene exists in Chinese patients with familial hypokalaemic periodic paralysis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; Calcium Channels ; genetics ; China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between electrocardiographic (ECG) features and disease severity in patients with the arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).

METHODThe study group consisted of 61 subjects with a definite diagnosis of ARVC on the basis of published guideline criteria and patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the extent of diseased myocardium defined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Group A: local involvement (n = 19, 31%), Group B: diffuse involvement of whole right ventricle (n = 28, 46%) and Group C: involvement of both right and left ventricles (n = 14, 23%).

RESULTSNormal electrocardiogram was shown in 1 patient in each group. Epsilon wave was detected in 24 (39%) patients, QRS duration was prolonged [≥ 110 ms (V(1)-V(3))] in 21 (34%) patients, S-wave upstroke was prolonged (≥ 55 ms) in 17 (28%) patients, complete right branch bundle block was evidenced in 10 (16%) patients and pathologic Q waves was found in 9 (15%) patients. The incidence of above abnormal ECG changes was increased in proportion to the degree of disease severity (group A < group B < group C). Incidence of Epsilon wave and prolonged QRS duration [ ≥ 110 ms (V(1)-V(3))] were significantly higher in Group C than in Group A. Incidence of prolonged S-wave upstroke (≥ 55 ms) was significantly higher in Group C than in Group A and Group B. T-wave inversion in V(1) leads was often found in Group A. T-wave inversion in inferior leads (V(1)-V(3) leads or beyond V(3)) was often presented in Group B and Group C.

CONCLUSIONSNormal ECG does not exclude the possibility of diagnosis of ARVC. The extent of T-wave inversion in the precordial leads and incidence of Epsilon wave, prolonged QRS duration [ ≥ 110 ms (V(1)-V(3))] and prolonged S-wave upstroke (≥ 55 ms) were related to degree of disease severity in patients with ARVC.

Adult ; Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the association between clinical and ECG characteristics and prognoses in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF).

METHODSWe reviewed the data from 21 VF patients [male 47.6%, mean age (38.5 ± 19.0) years] with first event of VF, all patients were resuscitated after cardiac arrest and diagnosed as idiopathic VF. The prevalence of J wave was assessed and patients were divided into J wave positive (J+ group) and negative group (J- group). The end point was death or syncope from arrhythmia, and recorded VF recurrence during the follow-up.

RESULTSJ wave was frequent in subjects with idiopathic VF (71.4%). Among patients in the J+ group (15 cases), notch on the QRS wave was found in 7 subjects (46.7%), these patients were more likely to suffer from the sudden cardiac arrest during sleep at early morning than those with J wave but without notch on the QRS wave. Two patients dead suddenly in the J+ group and 1 dead from embolism in the J- group during follow-up [mean (42.4 ± 39.9) months]. The mean year-onset of VF or syncope was significantly higher in the J+ group than in the J-group [(1.3 ± 0.5) episodes/year vs. (0.4 ± 0.3) episodes/year, P < 0.01]. J wave positive was also associated with an increased risk of VF recurrence (RR 1.9, 95%CI 1.1 to 2.9, P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONJ wave prevalence is high in patients with history of idiopathic VF, and positive J wave is associated with high risk of recurrence of sudden cardiac death.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy, toxicity and safety of an new domestic docetaxel in the treatment of pretreated advanced breast cancer.

METHODSFourty-four breast cancer patients who had failed in first-line chemotherapy were included in this trial. They received docetaxel as the second-line chemotherapy. Docetaxel was administered alone at a dose of 70 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to prevent granulocytopenia was not permitted. The response rate and toxicity were evaluated by World Health Organization toxicity scale and performance status by Karnofsky scale.

RESULTSOf the 41 evaluable patients, 4 achieved complete response and 14 partial remission, with a response rate and clinical benefit rate of 43.9% and 85.4%, respectively. Grade 3 or grade 4 neutropenia developed in 42.9%, alopecia in 7.1% and vomiting in 4.8% of these patients. Fluid retention was not observed in this series.

CONCLUSIONThree-week administration of docetaxel alone at a dose of 70 mg/m2 is effective and tolerable. It provides an alternative for the pretreated advanced breast cancer patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alopecia ; chemically induced ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neutropenia ; chemically induced ; Remission Induction ; Taxoids ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Vomiting ; chemically induced