To demonstrate the current strategies for treating cartilage defects of knees and the related research. Published papers about cartilage defects were searched and reviewed. The current strategies for the treatment were summarized. Based on the research of our study and others, the conclusion how to treat cartilage defects was made. The current ways for treating cartilage defects include micro-fractures, chondrocytes transplantation, mosaicplasty and tissue engineering; Research on functional magnetic resonance imaging in the early diagnosis of cartilage defects, cartilage degeneration is gradually increasing. There is still no effective treatment of cartilage defects and tissue engineering has brought new hopes for the treatment of cartilage defects , functional magnetic resonance imaging has some significance in early diagnosis of cartilage defects, cartilage degeneration.
Animals ; Cartilage Diseases ; surgery ; therapy ; Cartilage, Articular ; surgery ; Humans ; Knee ; surgery ; Tissue Engineering ; Transplantation, Autologous

The structure analysis of porcine hemoglobin alphabeta dimer and the calculation of solvent accessible surface of the amino acids showed the epsilon-amino groups of the lysine are suitable for modification by polyethylene glycol (PEG). The modification of the lysine residues will not affect the carring oxygen capacity of Hb. Three types of linker have been designed to connect PEG and porcine hemoglobin. The lysines between porcine and bovine hemoglobin (pHb and bHb) are highly conserved, but the solvent accessible surface of conserved lysines are different. These suggested that the properties of homologous proteins are similar in pHb and bHb, but the characteristic derived from the homology analysis will be deviated from the actual status. The results of molecular dynamics simulation suggested that the chemical modified porcine hemoglobin would be no immunogenicity.

The study is aimed to ensure the quality and safety of medicinal plants by using ITS2 DNA barcode technology to identify Corydalis boweri, Meconopsis horridula and their close related species. The DNA of 13 herb samples including C. boweri and M. horridula from Lhasa of Tibet was extracted, ITS PCR were amplified and sequenced. Both assembled and web downloaded 71 ITS2 sequences were removed of 5. 8S and 28S. Multiple sequence alignment was completed and the intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances were calculated by MEGA 5.0, while the neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees were constructed. We also predicted the ITS2 secondary structure of C. boweri, M. horridula and their close related species. The results showed that ITS2 as DNA barcode was able to identify C. boweri, M. horridula as well as well as their close related species effectively. The established based on ITS2 barcode method provides the regular and safe detection technology for identification of C. boweri, M. horridula and their close related species, adulterants and counterfeits, in order to ensure their quality control, safe medication, reasonable development and utilization.
Base Sequence ; China ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; chemistry ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) gene therapy on bone defect and bone rarefaction around endosseous implant.

METHODSThe primary cultured bone marrow derived stroma cells (BMSCs) was transfected by plasmid pCDNA3.1(+) -TGF-beta1, and was adhered with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) for constructing TGF-beta1 gene-modified artificial bone. The model of rats with placed titanium implants in the proximal metaphyses of the tibiae after ovariectomy was made. The TGF-beta1 gene-modified artificial bone (experimental group), BMSCs-PLGA compound artificial bone (control group) and nothing (blank control group) were placed in the bone defect around implant. The tibiae were examined by decalcified sections with immunohistochemical method and histological analysis methods at intervals of 4 and 8 weeks after implant surgery in order to detect the expression of TGF-beta1 in new bone adjacent to the implant and the healing of the bone defect around the implant.

RESULTSThe expression level of TGF-beta1 of experimental group was higher than that of control group and blank control group at the 4th week. The histological analysis indicated that the gene-modified artificial bone had stronger osetogenic potential than others.

CONCLUSIONTGF-beta1 gene-modified artificial bone promotes the repair of the bone defect around titanium implants in osteoporotic rats.

Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Cells, Cultured ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Implants ; Female ; Genetic Therapy ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rats ; Stromal Cells ; Titanium ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of the natural medicinal monomer isopsoralen (ISR) with estrogenic activity against oxidative damage in human lens epithelial cells B3 (HLE-B3) caused by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and to pursue the possible mitochondrial proteomic regularity of the protective effects.

METHODSHLE-B3 cells were treated with H(2)O(2) (300 μ mol/L), β-estradiol (E(2): 10(-8) mol/L) and H(2)O(2), ISR (10(-5) mol/L) and H(2)O(2), or left untreated. Altered expressions of all mitochondrial proteins were analyzed by protein array and surfaceenhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). The mass/charge (m/z) ratios of each peak were tested by the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, and the protein peak value of the m/z ratio for each treatment by pair comparison was analyzed with the Nemenyi test.

RESULTSH(2)O(2) up-regulated the expressions of two protein spots (with m/z of 6532 and 6809). E(2) mitigated the oxidative damage, and the expression of one protein spot (m/z 6532) was down-regulated. In contrast, ISR down-regulated both of protein spots (m/z 6532 and 6809).

CONCLUSIONSISR could effectively inhibit H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative damage in HLE-B3 cells. The protein spot at m/z of 6532 might be the target spot of ISR against oxidative damage induced by H(2)O(2).

Cell Line ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Furocoumarins ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; toxicity ; Lens, Crystalline ; pathology ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; drug effects ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Proteome ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; methods

AIMTo study whether store-operated Ca2+ channel (SOC) is present in rat colonic smooth muscle cells.

METHODSIntracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) changes induced by thapsigargin- or caffeine-activated SOC channel were measured in enzymatically dissociated rat colonic smooth muscle cells with the fluorescent indicator Fura-2/AM.

RESULTSIn the absence of external Ca2+ , the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin (1 micromol/L) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) activator caffeine both transiently elevated [Ca2+]i from (68.32 +/- 3.43) nmol/L to (240.85 +/- 12.65 ) nmol/L, (481.25 +/- 34.77) nmol/L. A subsequent reintroduction of Ca2+ into the extracellular solution resulted in [Ca2+]i further elevated to (457.55 +/- 19.80) nmol/L, (1005.93 +/- 54.62) nmol/L; (643.88 +/- 34.65) nmol/L, (920.16 +/- 43.25) nmol/L, respectively. And the elevated response was blocked by lanthanum (1 mmol/L), but was insensitive to L-type voltage calcium channels blocker verapamil and membrane depolarization.

CONCLUSIONSOC activated by store depletion are present in rat colonic smooth muscle cells. And we further prove the existence of such Ca2+ channels in excitable cells.

Animals ; Caffeine ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; physiology ; Colon ; cytology ; Fura-2 ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Thapsigargin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo set up animal models of the lung cancer induced by Yunnan tin mineral dusts (no radon) in F344 rats and to explore the process of carcinogenesis and pathologic alterations in various stages of malignant transformation in the animal models.

METHODSOne hundred and ninety F344 rats were randomly divided into Yunnan tin mineral dust group (100 rats), furfural physiological saline group (30 rats), physiological saline group (30 rats) and normal control group (30 rats). The intratracheal instillation with mass fraction of 6% suspension liquid mixture Yunnan tin mineral dusts, volume fraction of 2% furfural physiological saline and physiological saline 0.2 ml was performed in the rates once per week respectively except normal control group. Then the rats were sacrificed in batch periodically after one week. The last rat was exposed to the tin mine dusts for 100 weeks. The morphological process and tumor formation were dynamically observed under LM and TEM. Immunohistochemistry detection of cytokeratin of High MW and low MW was used for tumor classification. Pollak stein was used to evaluate the development of fibrosis of lung in the rats.

RESULTSBronchoalveolar inflammation occurred in the early stage after the intratracheal instillation of Yunnan tin mineral dust was performed in F344 rates. Along with reduction of inflammation, collagen fibrils increased at alveolar interstices. Simple hyperplasia, papillary hyperplasia and metaplasia of the epithelial cells in alveolar and bronchi were observed, followed by atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and squamous dysplasia. Lung cancer was induced in the end. Among the 14 cases of lung cancer, 9 cases were adenocarcinoma, 2 squamous cell carcinoma and 3 mixed carcinoma. No lung cancer occurred in other three control groups. There was a significant difference in the malignancy rate between the experimental group and the three control groups (P < 0.01). The squamous metaplasia and squamous carcinoma were found in alveoli that expressed cytokeratin of High MW. Lung fibrosis was found in 31 cases of in the tin mineral dust group. The greater the mineral dust deposit was, the more serious the alveolar fibrosis was.

CONCLUSIONYunnan tin mineral dusts without radon induce lung cancer in rates. The adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinomas induced in F344 rat lung can occur in the alveoli. The further study on whether type II alveolar epithelial cells are the origin cells of adenocarcinoma and some peripheral squamous lung carcinomas is worthwhile.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dust ; Female ; Lung ; drug effects ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Tin ; adverse effects

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (MiRNA) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression post-transcriptionally by cleavage or translational repression of their specific target miRNAs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that circulating miRNAs are stable and abundant in blood and aberrantly expressed under pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. The implications of circulating miRNAs in acute myocardial infarction have recently been recognized. This review will highlight the potential role of miRNA as a novel class of biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: This systemic review is based on our own work and other related reports. RESULTS: During diseases circulating miRNAs are derived from not only circulating blood cells but also other tissues affected by ongoing diseases. These disease-related miRNAs in the blood can serve as potential biomarkers. CONCLUSION: The circulating miRNAs can be used as novel biomarkers potentially offering more sensitive and specific tests than those currently available for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVETo observe voice characteristic of pre-lingual cochlear implant adults for cochlear implantation and phoniatrics.

METHODS3s-sustained voice of vowel [ a: ] of 28 pre-lingual cochlear implant adults, 18 pre-lingual deafness adults and 10 adults with normal hearing were analyzed. Specifically, the Voice analyses include fundamental frequency, first formant, second formant, frequency perturbation quotient (FPQ), amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ) and harmonic noise ratio (HNR). The outcomes of 3 groups were compared.

RESULTSThe fundamental frequency was lower in cochlear implant group [(175.42+/-25. 31) Hz] than that in deafness group [(210.84+/-54.300) Hz] (P = 0.02). The position of formant of cochlear implant group [F2 = (1264. 64 +/- 152.19) Hz] was more access to normal than that of normal hearing group[ F2 = (1422.44 +/- 232. 37) Hz, P = 0. 02]. FPQ of cochlear implant group (2.09 +/- 1.15) was more access to normal than that of deafness group (5.32+/-4.29, P=0.006). The voice of cochlear implanted and deafness adults were much more different individually.

CONCLUSIONSIn the aspect of acoustic characteristic of voice, pre-lingual cochlear implant adults could benefit cochlear implantation finitely. As speech perception of pre-lingual cochlear implant adults was far worse than that of children and post-lingual cochlear implant adults, the general outcome of pre-lingual cochlear implant adults was very limited. Cochlear implant of those candidate should be cautious.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Speech Perception ; Treatment Outcome ; Voice Quality ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish HPLC fingerprints of Liuwei Dihuang condensed pills.

METHODDikma Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted, with acetonitrile (containing 0.05% phosphoric) -water (containing 0.05% phosphoric) as the mobile phase. The column temperature was set at 40 degrees C, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 276 nm (0-10 min), 236 nm (10-40 min) and 276 nm (40-60 min). The sample size was 20 microL. Chromatographic peaks were identified by Q-TOF-MS-IDA-MS/MS method.

RESULTGood precision, stability and repeatability were proved. Q-TOF-MS-IDA-MS/ MS method was adopted for qualitative determination of eighteen chromatographic peaks. Ten batches of Liuwei Dihuang condensed pills were determined with the method, and their similarities were above 0. 96.

CONCLUSIONThe study lays a foundation for the overall quality evaluation of Liuwei Dihuang condensed pills.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; standards ; Quality Control ; Tablets ; analysis