SUMMARY To summarize the experience of managing substernal goiter by totally endoscopic procedure and evaluate the curative effect , we analysed eight patients diagnosed as substernal goiter type Ⅰ and treated with totally endoscopic technique via central routing approach during March 2011 to June 2013 in Beijing Shijitan Hospital retrospectively .The feasibility , safety and curative effect of this surgical tech-nique were estimated .All the cases were successfully operated with the totally endoscopic procedure , and the pathological result showed that 6 were goiter and the other 2 were minimal papillary carcinoma .None of the patients suffered from any complication , and the median follow up time was 6 months ( 1 -28 months) .The totally endoscopic technique is a feasible , safe and cosmic one for managing substernal goiter type Ⅰ.

Objective:To Search allele loss in glioma at chromesome 9p21-22 by microsatellite.Methods:Loss of heterozy gosi ty (LOH) and Microsatellite instability(MSI) was examined in 29 gliomas using PC R based methods.Results:No LOH and MSI on chromosome 9p21-22 was de tected in 29 gliomas at three loci.Conclusion:①There may be no othe r suppressor gene at 9p21-22 in glioma except p15 and p16.②MSI is infrequent i n sporadic gliomas.

Background Apurinic apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is an important enzyme in the repair of reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage,and its expression/activation can be induced by reactive oxygen species.The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between multiple-organ injuries and expression of Ref-1 in the early period after liver transplantation.Methods One hundred and fifty adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups:liver transplantation,sham surgery,and untreated control.After liver transplantation,animals were sacrificed at different time points.Hepatic and renal functions were analyzed by serology.Histology,apoptotic levels,and Ref-1 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry in the liver,kidneys,intestines,and lungs.Results Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase peaked 6 hours after liver transplantation and decreased appreciably after 12 hours in the transplantation group,suggesting that the degree of liver injury in the early period after transplantation peaked at 6 hours and then decreased.Pathological analyses showed that hepatic tissues were more severely injured in the transplantation group than in the sham and untreated groups.A considerable number of infiltrating inflammatory cells was observed around the portal vein in the transplantation group.Injuries to the kidneys,intestines,and lungs were milder after liver transplantation.Apoptotic levels increased after liver transplantation in all four organs examined.Ref-1 expression was higher in the transplantation group in the early period after liver transplantation than in the sham surgery and untreated control groups.Conclusion Ref-1 expression induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury may have a critical role in repairing multiple-organ injuries after liver transplantation.

Objective To summarize the experience of totally endoscopic thyroidectomy (TET) in treating differentiated thyroid carcinoma and to evaluate its feasibility, safety and the therapeutic result.Methods The clinical data of 25 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated with TET via the areola of breast or by axillary approach from November 2004 to July 2009 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Result TET procedures were successfully performed in all 25 cases. Postoperative pathology confirmed that 23 cases were of papillary cancer and the other 2 were follicle cancer. Lobectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy were performed in 11and 14 cases respectively. In 7 cases additional lymph node dissection was performed.All the cases were followed-up, ranging from 5 to 58 months, with a median of 28 months. No recurrence was found during this period. There was no morbidity nor major complications and patients were all satisfied with the cosmetic effect. Conclusion Totally endoscopic thyroidectomy (TET) is curative, safe and cosmetic therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo summarize clinical results of the microdecompression for the treatment of intraforaminal lumbar disc herniations.

METHODSFrom September 2005 to May 2013,16 patients( 12 males, 4 females)with intraforaminal lumbar disc herniations underwent microdecompression, ranging in age from 32 to 56 years old with a mean of 38.6 years old. The lumbar disc herniations were located at L(3,4). in one patient, L(4,5) in 10 cases and L5S1 in 5 cases.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 20 to 48 months, with a mean period of 36 months. According to Macnab evaluation, 12 cases got an excellent result, 4 good. No apparent complications related to the technique occurred. Satisfactory clinical results were obtained in this series.

CONCLUSIONMicrodecompression may be particularly useful in the treatment of intraforaminal lumbar disc herniations. The microdecompression procedures are more likely to be well tolerated by older patients.

Adult ; Decompression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Treatment Outcome

Astrocytes can regulate synaptic transmission by releasing gliotransmitter, and also can promote synaptogenesis and neurogenesis by releasing estrogen, thrombospondins, IL-1beta and IL-6. Astrocytes may play critical roles in neural nutrition and neuroprotection, so that it might be a new target for treatment of certain central nervous system diseases.
Astrocytes ; physiology ; Estrogens ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Neurogenesis ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; physiology ; Thrombospondins ; metabolism

Complete healing of the intestinal mucosa is the most ideal goal in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The intestinal mucosa healing not only significantly alters the course of the disease and relieves clinical symptoms, but also markedly reduces the occurrence of complications and prevents recurrence of IBD. As chronic inflammation associated with peptic ulcer damage is the main pathological feature of IBD, clinical treatment is mainly based on anti-inflammatory therapy, but such therapy cannot promote the healing of the intestinal mucosa of patients. Therefore, how to achieve long-term remission of IBD is still an urgent challenge. In the process of intestinal mucosal repair, the polarization of macrophages maintains the homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment, which is a representative process that promotes mucosal inflammatory-repair. It is a key part of initiating tissue regeneration that should not be underestimated. In this paper, we reviewed the literature of the past decade, focusing on the promotion of intestinal mucosal healing in IBD. The discussion will highlight the importance and feasibility of regulating macrophages to promote intestinal mucosal repair. Following this thought, we discuss the shortcomings of current clinical treatments and summarize the relevant drugs which have potential to promote intestinal mucosal repair. The aim is to provide effective potential drugs and therapeutic targets for the treatment of IBD.

OBJECTIVEIn order to explore if power frequency magnetic field (PFMF) can act as cancer promoter or be synergistic with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) in cancer promotion, the effects of 50 Hz MF on gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) of astrocytes were observed.

METHODSFluorescence redistribution after photobleaching (FRAP) was adopted to observe the recovery of fluorescence intensity in the bleached cells thus to estimate intercellular communication by gap junction. Comparative fluorescence intensity recovery rate (CFIRR) was as evaluation index. The effects of 50 Hz MF alone or with TPA on GJIC of astrocytes were studied.

RESULTSAfter 3 ng/ml TPA treatment for 1 hour, M(d) of CFIRR was 4.53%/min, whereas that in the control group was 9.74%/min (H = 12.084, P < 0.005). After exposure to 0.8 and 1.6 mT magnetic field for 24 hours respectively, M(d) of CFIRR was 8.25%/min and 6.68%/min respectively, no significant difference from that of control (H = 32.617, P > 0.05). After exposure to 0.8 and 1.6 mT magnetic field for 23 hours then combined with 3 ng/ml TPA treatment for 1 hour, M(d) of CFIRR was 3.32%/min and 2.85%/min respectively, also no significant difference from that in the group treated with 3 ng/ml TPA alone (H = 2.589, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION50 Hz MF (within 0 - 1.6 mT) alone could not inhibit GJIC of astrocytes; with TPA, could not enhance the inhibition of TPA on GJIC of astrocytes. But with MF intensity increasing, the inhibition of MF on GJIC showed elevated tendency.

Animals ; Astrocytes ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Cell Communication ; radiation effects ; Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Gap Junctions ; radiation effects ; Ornithine Decarboxylase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe effects of wrist-ankle acupuncture on functional states of the vegetative nerve in the recruit.

METHODSSixty recruits with the vegetative nerve balance index y > +0.56 determined with "Wenger-Chong Zhong Zhong Xiong"'s vegetative nerve balance factor assay were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group were treated with wrist-ankle acupuncture and the control group with nothing.

RESULTSAfter treatment, 24 cases with y < +0.56 was found in the treatment group and 16 cases in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWrist-ankle acupuncture can better improve functional state of the vegetative nerve in the recruit.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Humans ; Nerve Tissue ; Wrist

Objective To discuss the molecular mechanism of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in tumor and to assess its value to identify pathologic type and cancer staging in patients with earlystage nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Forty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma of early-stage,including 12 cases with T1 stage and 28 cases with T2 stage, underwent FDG PET imaging.The maximum standardized uptake value ( SUVmax ) and mean standardized uptake value ( SUVmean ) of FDG uptake of each patient were measured and compared between T1 and T2 stage by t-test.The expression of glucose transport protein 1 ( Glut1 ) and hexokinase- Ⅱ ( HK- Ⅱ ) of each case was measured in paraffin sections by streptavidin-perosidase (SP) immunohistochemistry.The positive expression rate of Glut1 and HK- Ⅱ was calculated and compared between T1 and T2 by x2 test.Meanwhile, the correlation between the expression of Glut1 or HK-Ⅱ and the SUVmax was tested by Pearson analysis.Results The SUVmax and SUVmean in 40 patients were 9.45 ± 1.87 and 6.04 ± 1.09, respectively.The SUVmax of patients with T1 stage (8.95 ± 1.91 ) was significantly lower (t =4.46, P＜0.001 ) than that of patients with T2 stage (11.55 ± 1.70), and the SUVmean of patients with T1 stage (5.61 ± 1.08) was significantly lower ( t = 6.76, P ＜ 0.001 ) than that of patients with T2 stage (7.98 ± 1.10) too.Among 40 patients, all patients showed positive expression of Glut1 and HK-Ⅱ , and the positive expression rate of Glut1 and HK-Ⅱ was ( 45.2 ± 10.9 )% and ( 68.3 ±9.5)%, respectively.The positive expression rate of Glut1 was (38.4 ±8.1)% in T1 stage and (49.7 ±12.6)% in T2 stage, which displayed no difference (x2 =40.58, P＞0.05), but the HK-Ⅱ positive expression rate showed significant difference (x2 =58.71, P＜0.05) between T1 stage (60.1 ±11.1)% and T2 stage (77.9 ± 14.7 )%.The correlation analysis indicated that there was low-degree positive correlation (r =0.369, P=0.019) between the SUVmax and Glut1 expression, and there was medium-degree positive correlation (r = 0.549, P = 0.001 ) between the SUVmax and HK-Ⅱ expression.Conclusion Expression of Glut1 and HK-Ⅱ was positively correlated with FDG uptake in patients with early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma.