Objective To monitor the renal pelvic pressure and to investigate its clinical significance during retrograde flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (RFUL).Methods The data of renal pelvic pressure measured in 60 cases of RFUL with the mean irrigation pump speed and pressure of 30 ml/min and 30 mmHg were analyzed retrospectively.The influence factors of renal pelvic pressure and its correlation with postoperative fever were analyzed.Renal pelvic pressure was measured by baroceptor,which was connected to PHILIP-MP4 monitor IBP channel and ureteric catheter positioned in renal pelvis through a dual channel ureteral access sheath (UAS).The renal pelvic pressure data was collected and analyzed in every 2 seconds by computer.The 60 cases were divided into 3 groups according to their intra-pelvic pressure situations:normal pressure group(NP,IPPmax ≤30 mmHg),high pressure group(HP,IPPmax＞30 mmHg,but high pressure duration≤ 10 min),and backflow pressure group(BP,IPPmax＞30 mmHg and high pressure duration＞ 10 min).Results The baseline intra-pelvic pressure (IPP0) and max imum intra-pelvic pressure (IPPmax) were (13.2±5.6) mmHg and (95.6±2.3) mmHg respectively.IPP levels during the RFUL were significantly higher than the IPP0(P＜0.001).There were 32,17 and 11 cases in NP,HP and BP groups,respectively.There were 6 cases with fever higher than 38.5 ℃ (10％),in which there were 1 case in NP,1 case in HP group and 4 cases in BP group.The postoperative fever rate in NP,HP and BP group were 3％,6％ and 36％ respectively,which were significantly different between groups(P＜0.01).There were 12 cases with procalcitonin ＞0.1 ng/ml and 8 cases with procalcitonin ＞0.5 ng/ml,in which 2 cases in HP group and 6 cases in BP group.Conclusions RFUL would result in a temporal elevated intrapelvic pressure greater than 30 mmHg.Postoperative fever is relevant with renal perfusion pressure and perfusion time.It's necessary for the surgeons to adjust the perfusion pressure during operation.

The SRY gene from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) genome was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) with primers based on the sequence of Hostein SRY gene. The amplified fragment was 2005 bp include 5UTR ( 1 - 504bp) and 3'UTR(1196 - 2005bp). And the amplified fragment was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that the coding region of SRY gene (505 - 1195bp) from buffalo was highly homologous with those of other bovine counterpart genes (96% homology) , especially in the HMG box region (99%homology). It was found that there were only signal on male buffalo genome on Southern blot,which indicate SRY gene are highly conservative on evolves.

BACKGROUNDThe Taq/B, Msp/ and I405V polymorphisms of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), an important regulatory factor of lipid metabolism, have been attracted much more attention by the researchers. In this study, we investigated the associations between these 3 polymorphisms of CETP gene and variations in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

METHODSGenomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes of 203 CHD patients and 100 control subjects using the salting out method. Genotyping of the CETP gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 10.0 software package.

RESULTSThe distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the Taq/B, MspI, and I405V polymorphisms was similar in the CHD patient group and the control group. The B1B1 genotype of the Taq/B polymorphism was associated with significantly higher TC (P=0.039) and LDL-C (P=0.044) levels than the B2B2 genotype in CHD patients, and with significantly higher LDL-C (P=0.034) levels than the B2B2 genotype in controls. Homozygotes of the I405V polymorphism exhibited significantly higher HDL-C levels than VV homozygotes among control subjects (P=0.023). In male CHD patients with unambiguously assigned haplotypes, B2-M2-V/B2-M2-I patients demonstrated significantly higher HDL-C concentrations than B1-M2-V/B1-M2-I (P=0.023) and B1-M2-V/B1-M2-V patients (P=0.047).

CONCLUSIONSGenetic variations in the CETP gene may account for a significant proportion of the differences in plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations among the general population. The B1B1 genotype of the Taq/B polymorphism is probably a genetic risk factor for CHD in the study population.

Adult ; Aged ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective:To study the effects of Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis on proliferation of DC -CIK cells and the activity of killing HepG-2 cells by DC-CIK cells.Methods:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were routinely isolated and induced into DC and CIK.DC and CIK co-cultured by 1∶5 for 7 days,then Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis were added into medicine group ,observed the mor-phology of the cells on the tenth day and counted the DC-CIK number of each group.DC-CIK cells acted as effector cells and the HepG-2 cells as target cells , cck-8 method for the detection of DC-CIK in the killing rate of HepG-2.Results: The Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis was able to proliferate the DC-CIK dramatically ,the optimal concentration was 0.1 mg/ml.Cultivation of Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis induced DC-CIK cells on HepG-2 cells killing effect was better than that of the routine method of DC-CIK cells; the effection of Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis killing HepG-2 cells was not obviously.Conclusion: Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis can enhance the anti-tumor activity of DC-CIK mainly by promoting the proliferation of it.

Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Occupational Health ; Risk Assessment ; Workplace

Objective To validate the four chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) predictive equations based on serum creatinine (SCr) and cystatin C (Cys C) in Chinese CKD patients,and try to develop the GFR predictive equations for Chinese CKD patients.Methods254 CKD patients were randomly selected from four Grade ⅢA hospitals in different regions in China from September 2007 to December 2010.Clearance of dual plasma sampling 99mTc-DTPA was used to measure glomerular filtration rate (rGFR) in 254 CKD patients.The serum concentration of Cr and Cys C were measured.CKD-EPI SCr equation,Cys C equation,Cys C equation adjusted for age,sex and race,SCr/Cys C combinated equation adjusted for age,sex and race were used to estimate GRF ( labeled as eGFR1,eGFR2,eGFR3 and eGFR4,respectively).The correlation,bias and precision of eGFRs were compared with rGFR by Wilcoxon signed rank test,intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlation analysis.The deviation degree between rGFR and different eGFRs was compared via Bland-Altman graph.The accuracy within 15％,25％,30％ ( P15,P25,P30) and the staging correctness of eGFR against CKD at different stages was calculated.ResultsThe rGFR in 254 CKD participants was [ 48.07 (26.19 -92.97 )] ml · min -1·(1.73 m2) -1.The Spearman correlatiou coefficients (CC) of eGFR and rGFR varied within the range of 0.873 - 0.896 ( P =0.000 ).The intra-class CC ( ICC ) varied within the range of 0.920 - 0.942.The correlation of eGFR4 was the best.The absolute deviations of 4 eGFRs and deviation precision were eGFR4 ＜eGFR3 ＜ eGFR2 ＜ eGFR1.The 95％ confidence intervals for the regression line of 4 eGFRs shown by Bland-Altman graphs were 92.5,87.3,83.0 and 76.1 ml · min-1 · ( 1.73 m2 ) -1,respectively,with the best result of eGFR4.For P30,the correctness of 4 eGFRs were eGFR4 ＞ eGFR3 ＞ eGFR2 ＞ eGFR1,but no significant difference was found by Chi square test (x2 =6.448,P =0.092).The overall correctness rate in 4 eGFRs against CKD stages were 48.4％ -57.5％,with the highest consistency of eGFR4,but their staging correctnessratewerenotideal(Kappa values were 0.405,0.348,0.366 and 0.463,respectively).Conclusions Compared with CKD-EPI SCr equation,no advantage was found in CKD-EPI Cys C equation.The Cys C equation adjusted by age and sex shows a little advantages over CKD-EPI Cys C equation in bias,precision,correlation and accuracy.The CKD-EPI SCr/Cys C combinated equation adjusted by age,sex and race has advantage over other three equations not only in bias,precision,correlation and accuracy,but also in staging correctness.However,the validation of this equation is still not fairly ideal for Chinese CKD patients.Based on these findings,it is essential for the Chinese CKD patients to develop SCr/Cys C combined predictive equation which adjusted by age,sex or other factors.(Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:798-804)

Background Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumor in children with prevalence in the face and neck.Various treatment options including oral propranolol have been described for IH,but the mechanism of drugs remains enigmatic.The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis and establish a reliable in vivo model of IH which can provide platform for drug exploration.Methods Stem cells from the proliferating hemangiomas (HemSCs) were isolated by CD133-tagged immunomagnetic beads.Their phenotype and angiogenic property were investigated by flow cytometry,culturing on Matrigel,real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR),immunofluorescent staining and injection into BALB/c-nu mice.Results HemSCs had robust ability of proliferating and cloning.The time of cells doubling in proliferative phase was 16 hours.Flow cytometry showed that HemSCs expressed mesenchymal markers CD29,CD44,but not endothelial/hematopoietic marker of CD34 and hematopoietic marker CD45.The expression of CD105 was much lower than that of the reported hemangioma derived or normal mesenchymal stem cell (MSC).Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) of HemSCs were higher than that of neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).After HemSCs were cultured on Matrigel in vitro,they formed tube-like structure in a short time (16 hours) and differentiated into endothelial cells in 7 days.After 1-2 weeks of implantation into immunodeficient mice,HemSCs generated glucose transporter 1 positive blood vessels.When co-injected with HUVECs,the vascularization of HemSCs was greatly enhanced.However,the single implantation of HUVECs hardly formed blood vessels in BALB/c-nu mice (P ＜0.05).Conclusions HemSCs may be some kinds of primitive mesoderm derived stem cells with powerful angiogenic ability,which can recapitulate human hemangioma by co-injecting into immunodeficient mice with HUVECs.

Objective To study characteristics of rpoB gene mutations associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis( MTB) resistance to rifampicin in Guizhou of China to discuss rapid screening methods of detecting MTB resistance to rifampicin.Methods MTB DNA of clinical samples were tested by fluorescent PCR .Low DNA concentration samples were excep-ted.All MTB DNA positive samples were tested by gene chip to screen rpoB gene mutation.The samples tested to be abnormal were further sequenced and aligned. Results MTB DNA of 3966 samples was positive.The positive rate was 22.72%(3966/17452 ).All of the 2738 samples were tested by gene chip , of which 552 samples were detected to have gene mutations and the rate was 20.16%( 552/2738 ) .Nine sam-ples of rpoB gene were tested abnormal .These 9 samples were confirmed to have nucleotide deletion , insertion, the same codon mutation of double base or multisite mutation .There were 26 types of gene mutations and mainly were at site 531 , site 526 , site 516 , site 511 , site 533 , site 513 and site 512 and the mutation rates were 56.23%, 18.09%, 9.67%, 8.61%, 4.57%, 1.76% and 0.18%, separately.Conclusion The characteristics of rpoB gene mutations associated with MTB resistance to rifampicin in Guizhou were basically the same as those in the literature reports.The gene chip can be used as the rapid screening method to detect MTB resistance to rifampicin in Guizhou .

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of mannitol and hypertonic saline (HS) in treatment of intracranial hypertension (ICH) of rabbits.

METHODSThe animal mode of ICH was established by perfusing artificial cerebrospinal fluids (aCSF) with controlled pressure into the cerebral ventricles of rabbits. The mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, tidal volume, perfusion rate of aCSF and water content of cerebrum were investigated in rabbits with ICH after a single bolus of 20% mannitol (5 ml/kg), 7.5% HS (2.2 ml/kg) or 23.4% HS (2.2 ml/kg).

RESULTSAfter the intracranial pressure was elevated from 15 cmH₂O to 75 cmH₂O, the mean arterial pressure was increased and the tidal volume was decreased. After treatment by 20% mannitol, 7.5% HS or 23.4% HS, the increased percentage of mean arterial pressure and the decreased percentage of tidal volume were similar to the changes in control group. However, the perfusion rate of CSF was increased and water content of cerebrum was decreased after treatment by either 20% mannitol or 23.4% HS, but not by 7.5% HS. No different effects were found between 20% mannitol and 23.4% HS.

CONCLUSIONWith the similar osmotic burden, 20% mannitol is more effective in treating ICH than 7.5% HS. With higher osmotic load, the efficacy of HS is enhanced, and 23.4% HS may be used as an alternative to mannitol in treatment of ICH.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Intracranial Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mannitol ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo observe the temperature change of traditional silver needle in the human body during the burning of moxa ball.

METHODSThirty-six healthy volunteers were randomly divided into a single-needle group and a multi-needle group, 18 cases in each group. For both groups, one silver needle (18 cm in length, 1.1 mm in diameter), which was adopted in this research to measure the temperature change, was punctured in the insertion point of the volunteer (inside the top of the left buttock, 7 cm under the edge of the highest point of the iliac crest, 7 cm lateral to the dorsomedian line), then another four silver needles were punctured 2 cm respectively anterior, posterior and lateral to the insertion point in the multi-needle group, and all the silver needles were inserted with 6 cm depth. Afterigniting the 1.3 g moxa ball on the needle tail, the temperature of the measuring points that were 3 mm, 33 mm, and 63 mm above the silver needle tip were recorded separately by digital temperature measuring instrument.

RESULTSThe peak temperature of the three measuring points in the single-needle group was all around 41 degrees C, while those in the multi-needle group were around 43 degrees C, which had significant differences (all P < 0.05), but no significant differences among the highest temperature of the measuring points in the same group could be found (all P > 0.05). The highest temperature of moxa ball in the single needle group was (611.16 +/- 6.91) degrees C, while that of the central moxa ball in the multi-needle group was (628.94 +/- 8.99) degrees C, the difference of which was significant difference (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe temperature conductivity of the silver needle is very well, so the heat of the moxa ball could pass from the tail of needle to the tip during the warming treatment. The peak temperature on the body, tip of the silver needle in the multi-needle group is higher than those in the single needle group. Also, the peak temperature of multi-moxa ball is higher than that of single moxa ball.

Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adult ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Young Adult