China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Registries

Gui-Ling-Ji (GLJ), a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is the only existing compound of refining agent after 400-year testing. It is also one of 4 kinds of TCM secret varieties of the first batch after liberation. However, due to the lack of in-depth modern research, the magical effect of GLJ has not been fully understood and the clinical application has also been influenced. This article analyzed the situation and problems of secret varieties and GLJ. Experiences and strategies of the successful redevelopment of secret varieties were re-ferred to. Then, this paper proposed modern research thoughts of GLJ in order to realize the actively protection and the second development of the prescription.

Objective To investigate the influence of indenter diameter on fracture strength and fracture mode of IPS e. max all-ceramic crowns using mechanical experiments and three-dimensional finite element (3-DFE) method, to validate the 3-DFE model using mechanical experiments, and to provide a guideline for occlnsal surface design for IPS e. max all-ceramic crowns. Methods A 3-DFE model of an all-ceramic crown on a molar was established using ANSYS10.0 software. The 3-DFE crown was loaded occlusally at three points to simulate the contact points of a hemispherical indenter loading on the crown. Two indenter diameters (4 mm and 10 mm) were designed by changing loading point, load level and its direction. The stress distribution and the principal stress in the 3-DFE model were calculated. Meanwhile, IPS e. max ceramic crowns were made on a laboratory model and loaded with indenters. The diameters of the indenters were also 4 mm and 10 mm respectively. Fracture mode and fracture-resistance of the crowns were recorded. Results The principal stress increased as load increases for both small and large indenters. Stress concentrated in the central fossa of the 3-DFE crown when loaded with the small indenter. Stress concentration appeared in the middle area of the occlusal surface mesio-distally when 3-DFE crown was loaded with large indenter. The fracture-resistance load was 600 N to 700 N for 4 mm diameter indenter, and 2500 N to 2750 N for 10 mm diameter indenter. Mechanical experiments indicated the same results as those from 3-DFE analysis. Conclusions Both the three-dimensional finite element analysis and the mechanical experiment showed the same results. When loaded with 4 mm diameter indenter, fracture occured in the central fossa of the crown, however, 10 mm diameter indenter usually caused extensive crown damage.

Objective:To explore the torque effect of controlling root auxiliary arch on the straight wire appliance on maxillary anterior teeth.Methods:22 patients with class Ⅱ1 extraction treatment,treated with straightwire appliance,at the detailing treatment stage were treated with controlling root auxiliary arch over the erect or introverted maxillary incisors for positive torque.The main arch wire of 0.46 mm ×0.64 mm stainless steel edge wire was used in 14 cases,the main arch wire of 0.46 mm stainless steel round wire was used in 8 cases.Cephalometric results before and after maxillary incisor torque were analyzed by t test.Results:After maxillary incisor torque in the 22 cases 1-SN and UIa-NA value increased(P ＜0.01),positive torque was achieved by controlling root auxiliary arch on the upper incisors;the round wire maxillary incisor torque worked faster than the edge wire(P ＜0.05).Conclusion:At the detailing stage of treatment straight wire appliance on front teeth,controlling root auxiliary arch is simple and effective in the treatment of exces-sive erect or lingual inclination of maxillary incisor.

Objective To explore the differences in the strength of the nodes in the brain white matter weighted networks between the male patients with paranoid schizophrenia and male healthy controls, and to analysis the integrity of the white matter fiber tracts that connected to the different brain regions and its relationship with the course of disease. Methods Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were obtained from 25 male patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 26 male healthy controls. The whole brain was parcellated into 90 regions by using the anatomical label map. Tractography was performed in the whole brain of each subject to reconstruct white matter tracts using the FACT algorithm. The brain white matter weighted networks were then constructed using the complex network theory. Results The strength of the nodes in the networks of schizophrenia significantly decreased in the right thalamus (P=0.03, corrected) and the right hes?chl gyrus (P=0.04, corrected). Negative correlation was found between the strength of the right thalamus and the course of disease (r=-0.45, P=0.03). Conclusion The integrity of the white matter fiber tracts connected to the thalamus and tem?poral lobes in the male paranoid schizophrenia is impaired. The lesion of fiber tracts connected to the thalamus is related with the course of disease.

Objective To explore the effect of reconstructing unilateral cleft lip by changing the arc-shaped incision, combined with the 3D reconstruction of upper lip muscles.Methods Twenty unilateral cleft lip patients were treated by using a new surgical operation, the 3D reconstruction of upper lip muscle, to restore normal anatomy and stress of the mucous membrane, muscle and skin.Operation scar was designed for straight line, located on the philtral ridges of the contour line;phitrum and philtral ridges were rebuilt, and postoperative scar reduced.Results A lot of 20 patients had no local infection, hemorrhage, complex crack, and were stage I incision healing.Followed up for 1-8 months postoperatively, the patient's lip bow line continuity was good, with symmetrical shape and good phitrum and philtral ridges;scar was hidden on the philtral ridges of the contour line, and no obvious upper lip scar contracture found through the follow-up period.Conclusions This improved method is simple in the incision design, and less scar hidden on the philtral ridges of the contour line after operation, which can maximize the recovery of the appearance of nose and upper lip with satisfactory effect.It is a feasible improvement method of repairing unilateral cleft lip.

This study examined the expression of cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) in pancreatic cancer and the possible mechanism. The expression of CADM1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in tissues of pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, and normal pancreas. The plasmid pcDNA3.1-Hygro(+)/CADM1 was transfected into PANC-1 cells (a pancreatic cancer cell line). The expression of CADM1 in the transfected cells was determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell growth was measured by the MTT method and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. The results showed that CADM1 was weakly expressed in tissues of pancreatic cancer in contrast to its high expression in normal pancreatic and pancreatitis tissues. The expression level of CADM in pancreatic caner was intensely correlated with the differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis and TNM stages. The growth of CADM1-transfected PANC-1 cells was significantly suppressed in vitro by a G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis occurrence. It was concluded that re-expression of CADM1 inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells and induces their apoptosis in vitro. As a tumor suppressor gene, CADM1 plays an important role in the occurrence, progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUNDNational Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) has provided free or low-cost mammograms to low-income or no health insurance women in all of the states of the United States (US) since 1997. The objective of this study was to understand whether health insurance and annual household income impacted the mammography utilization since the implementation of NBCCEDP, in order to evaluate how the implementation of NBCCEDP impacted mammography utilization among American women.

METHODSData were from the database of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) of the CDC in US. Mammography utilization was measured by whether the American woman aged 40 to 64 years had the mammography within the last two years. The chi square test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations between mammography utilization and health insurance, annual household income, and other factors for any given year.

RESULTSFrom 2000 to 2008, the rate of mammography utilization among participants had a steady decrease on the whole from 86.7% to 83.8%. The results showed that the mammography utilization correlated significantly with health insurance and annual household income for any given year. The results also showed that compared with participants who were uninsured, those who were insured had a greater times higher rate of mammography in 2008 than any other year from 2000 to 2008, and compared with participants whose annual household income was below $15 000, those whose annual household income was above $50 000 had a greater times higher rate of mammography in 2008 than in 2004 and 2006.

CONCLUSIONSHealth insurance and annual household income impacted the mammography utilization for any given year from 2000 to 2008, and the implementation of NBCCEDP has not achieved its original goal on breast cancer screening.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Insurance, Health ; Mammography ; utilization ; Middle Aged ; United States

OBJECTIVETo detect the relations between incidence rate of the epidemical encephalitis B and related factors, to provide a simple, valid and practical new method for forecasting encephalitis B eipdemics.

METHODSConnection number between the incidence rate of encephalitis B and the historical forecast factors was computed, before ranking the first, second and the third principal factor, to remove the factor with the smallest value in the light of the connection number before comparing the newest value of forecast factors with the same kind of history while the most nearly value becoming the forecasting factor value and to establish a forecasting equation according to the factor value and the consistent degree of the incidence rate of encephalitis B at that time. Finally, to put into the new factor value to get this forecast value under this equation. Assuming that there are n' (n' >or= 2) forecast factors, this time forecast value can then be directly obtained from the average of these estimate values.

RESULTSUsing above forecast method to forecast the incidence rate of encephalitis B at certain place and year, the predicting value is very much close to the actual incidence rate. Difference between the predicting value forecasted by the above-mentioned method and the actual incidence rate is only 0.0264/100 000 with an accurate rate of 97.94%.

CONCLUSIONThis principal factor analysis forecast method based on connection number in forecasting the incidence rate of encephalitis B prevention is acceptable.

China ; epidemiology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; Encephalitis, Viral ; epidemiology ; virology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Incidence

BACKGROUNDPatient trust in physicians, which can be considered a collective good, is necessary for an effective health care system. However, there is a widespread concern that patient trust in physicians is declining under various threats to the physician-patient relationship worldwide. This article aimed to assess patient trust in physicians through a quantitative study in Shanghai, China, and to provide appropriate suggestions for improving the trust in China.

METHODSThe data from a survey conducted in Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, which are two tertiary public hospitals in Shanghai, were used in this study. Patient trust in physicians was the dependent variable. Furthermore, a 10-item scale was used to precisely describe the dependent variable. The demographic characteristics were independent variables of trust in physicians. Binomial logistic regression was employed to analyze the factors associated with the dependent variable, which was divided into two categories on the basis of the responses (1: Strongly agree or agree and 0: Strongly disagree, disagree, or neutral).

RESULTSThis study found that 67% of patients trusted or strongly trusted physicians. The mean score of patient trust in physicians was 35.4 from a total score of 50. Furthermore, patient trust in physicians was significantly correlated with the age, education level, annual income, and health insurance coverage of the patients.

CONCLUSIONSPatient trust in physicians in Shanghai, China is higher than previously reported. Furthermore, the most crucial reason for patient distrust in physicians is the information asymmetry between patients and physicians, which is a natural property of the physician-patient relationship, rather than the so-called for-profit characteristic of physicians or patients' excessive expectations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Trust