Objective To assess the effects and side effects of ropivacaine combined with sulfentanyl in epidural anesthesia for caesarean section. Methods Two hundred ASA Ⅰ- Ⅱ patients scheduled for elective caesarean section were randomly divided into 2 groups (100 cases each):group S received 0.75% ropivacaine and 0.75 μg/ml sulfentanyl; and group R received 0.75 % ropivacaine. Epidural space L2-3 was punctured and the catheter was put upward 3 cm in all patients. Local anesthetic agents were administered until a complete sensory block was established extending upper T4-T6. In the operation, Bp, HR,SpO2, ECG were observed and the onset time, the upper spread and duration of sensory block were recorded.Assessed anesthetic efficacy and side-effects on newborn. Results The onset time [(4.5±1.2) min], the time needed to reach the highest sensory level [ ( 13±5) min ] were significantly shorter and the duration of sensory block [ (402±150 ) min ] was significantly longer in group S than those in group R (P < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the side effects such as tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, and shivering. Apgar score in newborn was not affected. Conclusion The anesthetic efficacy of epidural 0.75% ropivacaine is significantly enhanced which also has smaller local anesthetic requirements and low incidence of side-effects,in epidural anesthesia for caesarean section when sulfentanyl is added.

We analyzed the special characteristics of postgraduate education for anesthesiology majors based on the current situation of medical postgraduate education.Next,we introduced the ‘ sandwich' teaching method and discussed how it can promote students' subjective initiative by transforming various learning patterns.Finally,the effectiveness of study was elevated by ‘sandwich' teaching method.

Objective To analyse the effect of 70 pearl flavor pill associating with acupuncture on nerve function in acute cerebral infarction patients.Methods A total of 128 patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled in this study in our hospital from January 2015 to June 2016 and randomly divided into two group.Two groups were treated with routine treatment,the observation group was treated another with 70 pearl flavor pill combined with acupuncture program.Results The total effective of observation group was 92.19%,higher than that of control group 75.00%(P<0.05).After treatment,NIHSS score,FMA motor function score,Serum S-100βprotein,hs-CRP level of observation group were better than that of control group (P<0.05).Conclusion 70 pearl flavor pill associating with acupuncture on the basis of routine treatment can improve hemorheology,reduce inflammation and improve the therapeutic effect and it has no obvious side effects.

Objective To establish appropriate correction models of serum marker α -fetoprotein (AFP) multiple of the median (MOM) for prenatal screening on patients with neural tube defect (NTD) at the second trimester to replace the foreign data currendy used in Beijing with a higher sensitivity.Methods A sample of 5815 mid-gestation pregnant women with normal pregnancy outcome were selected including 5557 cases of age ＜ 35 years and 258 cases of age ≥35 years.The regression relationship between AFP median and gestational age was builded by exponential model and the regression relationship between MOM and weight was builded by power model in age ＜ 35 years.The regression relationship between AFP median and gestational age was builded by S model and the regression relation ship between MOM and weight was builded by quadratic model in age ≥35 years.The normal reference values in two age sections were estimated approximately by percentiles method.Results Corrected AFP MOM values with mean value (age ＜ 35 years:1.001; age ≥35 years:1.113) and median value (age ＜ 35 years:0.934;age ≥35 years:0.990) obtained by regression analysis were more close to 1.00 than the data from the software[mean value(age ＜ 35 years:1.164; age ≥35 years:1.254) and median value (age ＜35 years:1.093; age ≥35 years:1.149)].There were significant differences (age ＜35 years:t =65.120,P =0.000;age ≥35 years:t =9.812,P =0.000).Conclusion Correction model for maternal serum marker is more applicable for Beijing population at the second-trimester prenatal screening.

Objective To estimate the biological effects of leptin on human HaCaT keratinocytes and explore their molecular mechanisms.Methods Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to evaluate the proliferation of cultured HaCaT cells treated with different concentrations of leptin for 24 and 48 hours.Some HaCaT cells were classified into four groups to remain untreated,be treated with leptin (100 μg/L) and piceatannol (a specific inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation) alone or in combination for 24 hours,respectively,followed by the evaluation of cell proliferation using CCK-8 kit.Flow cytometry was performed to assess cell cycle of HaCaT cells treated with leptin of 100 μg/L,Western blot to determine the phosphorylation level of Erk1/2 and STAT3 in HaCaT cells treated with leptin of 100 μg/L for different durations.Statistical analysis was done by Student's t-test for unpaired data using GraphPad Prism 5 software.Results The proliferation of HaCaT cells was accelerated to different degrees after treatment with leptin of 50 and 100 μg/L for 24 and 48 hours,and the accelerating effect was in a dose-dependent manner within 24 hours (r =0.9989,P ＜ 0.05).Piceatannol apparently inhibited the promotive effect of leptin on the proliferation of HaCaT cells.There was an obvious elevation in the percentage of cells at S phase ((57.70 ± 5.88)％ vs.(42.50 ± 7.55)％,P ＞ 0.05),but a significant decrease in that at G0/G1 phase ((39.70 ± 1.57)％ vs.(45.20 ± 1.44)％,P ＜ 0.05),with a significant increase in proliferation index (0.603 ±0.0157 vs.0.564 ± 0.0144,P ＜ 0.05) in HaCaT cells treated with leptin of 100 μg/L for 24 hours compared with the untreated controls.Western blot showed that leptin of 100 μg/L markedly enhanced the phosphorylation level of STAT3 in HaCaT cells.Conclusion Leptin may upregulate the proliferation of HaCaT cells through activation of STAT3 pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of Shenfu injectio on insulin resistance in rabbits undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) . Methods Thirty New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes weighing 2.2-2.5 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group Ⅰ CPB and group Ⅰ CPB + Shenfu injectio (group SFI). In group IE (group SFI) Shenfii injectio 10 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally (IP) once a day for 2 days and at 30 min before anesthesia. In group Ⅱ and Ⅲ the duration between aortic cross-clamping and unclamping was 60 min. MAP was maintained at 50-60 mm Hg during CPB. The plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured immediately after induction of anesthesia (T_1), immediately after aortic cross-clamping (T_2) , and at 5, 35 and 75 min after aortic unclamping (T_3, T_4 , T_5) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase (PI3Kp85) and glucose transporters (CLUT4) in skeletal muscle was detected at 150 min of CPB by immuno-histochemistry. Results Compared with the baseline values at T_1 , plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were significantly increased at T_(2-5) in all 3 groups ( P < 0.05) . CPB significantly increased the plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR at T_(2-5) in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ as compared with group S ( P < 0.05). The expression of PI3Kp85 and GLUT4 in muscle was significantly decreased in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ as compared with group S ( P < 0.05). Shenfu injectio significantly decreased plasma glucose concentration and HOMA-IR and increased plasma insulin concentration in group fD as compared with group Ⅱ . Shenfu injectio significantly attenuated the CPB-induced changes in IRS-1, PI3Kp85 and GLUT4 expression in muscle. Conclusion Shenfu injectio can ameliorate CPB-induced insulin resistance and the mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of the expression of insulin signal transduction molecules in skeletal muscle.

Objective To evaluate the effect of leptin on K17 expression in HaCaT human keratinocytes.Methods Some cultured HaCaT cells were treated with leptin (100 ng/ml) or remained untreated for 24 hours followed by the quantification of K17 mRNA expression by real-time PCR and detection of K17 protein expression by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining.To investigate the action mechanism of leptin,some cultured HaCaT cells were divided into several groups to be treated with leptin (100 ng/ml) alone,Piceatannol (an inhibitor of the STAT3 pathway) + leptin (100 ng/ml),PD-98059 (an inhibitor of the Erk1/2 pathway) + leptin (100 ng/ml),respectively for 24 hours,with the cells receiving no treatment as the negative control.Subsequently,the mRNA and protein expressions of K17 were measured by the above methods.Statistical analysis was done by the two-sample ttest.Results The mRNA expression of K17 was significantly higher in HaCaT cells treated with leptin alone than in those remaining untreated (3.086 7 ± 0.186 1 vs.1.000 0 ± 0.000 0,P ＜ 0.01),but significantly downregulated in HaCaT cells treated with Piceatannol + leptin and those with PD-98059 + leptin compared with those treated leptin alone (0.674 1 ± 0.060 0 and 0.855 0 ± 0.390 3 vs.2.242 7 ± 0.188 7,both P ＜ 0.01).The results of Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were in agreement with those of real-time PCR.Conclusions Leptin can induce K17 expression in HaCaT cells,likely by activating the STAT3 and Erk1/2 signaling pathways.

The spinal cords of three men, nine cats, three dogs and four rabbits were chosen for the present investigation. It was found that the thoracic segment of the spinal cord is longer than the other segments in man and animals. The volume of the gray substance in the lumber enlargment are larger than that in the cervical enlargment in man, cat, dog and rabbit, The cross—section areas of the white substance of the spinal cord in man increase clearly at the cranial level but that of the rabbit does not.Based on the measurements we found that the move of the gray substance anteriorly in man and cat may be the mark of evolution of the mammals. Perheps the spinal eord of eat is a satisfectory specimen in neuro anatomical and neurophysiological laboratory.

AIM:Recently,amnion transplantation has been one of effective methods for curing corneal alkali burn,but its biomechanism is unclear.This study was to discuss the efficiency of different kinds of amnion on rabbit corneal alkali burn and to find the bioactive functions of the amnion.METHODS:The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory of Experimental Animals at Chongqing University of Medical Sciences between January and July in 2004.All the disposals were in accordance with the ethical standard of animals.①Placenta from healthy puerperants underwent uterine-incision delivery were offered by Department of Obstetrics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing University of Medical Sciences.A total of 45 New Zealand rabbits were used for corneal alkali burn models and divided into fresh amniotic membrane(FAM),glycerin preserved amniotic membrane(GPAM),vacuum xeransis amniotic membrane(VXAM),alcolhol preserved amniotic membrane(APAM) and control groups,every group had 9 rabbits.②The FAM was prepared within 24 hours,and the preserved amnion were transplanted after 1 month.③The corneal opacity and corneal neovascularization were observed everyday during days 2-21 after operation and once every three days after days 21;corneal fluorescein staining was conducted to observe the repair of corneal epithelium on days 14,30,60 after operation;2 weeks,1 month and 2 months after operation,we did histopathological examination and scanning electron microscope observation.RESULTS:Forty-three rabbits were involved in the result analysis.①There were no significant differences in the corneal opacity and repair velocity of corneal epithelium among FAM,GPAM and VXAM,which were remarkably superior to APAM and controls.APAM group and control group had not distinct difference.②FAM had better effects on inhibiting corneal neovascularization than GPAM and VXAM.CONCLUSION:After transplantation,VXAM,GPAM and FAM can all accelerate corneal epithelial healing and lighten inflammation.FAM containing more bioactive materials,plays best.

Background The main mechanism of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the formation of retinal neovascularization. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) is primarily factor for DR. Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of angelicae sinensis decoction for supplementing blood ( ASD), a kind of traditional prescription of Chinese herbal medicine, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in vitreous and serum of STZ-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty-four SPF male SD rats were fed using high fat diet for 8 weeks and then the streptozocin of 25 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected to create the type 2 diabetic models. ASD (3.6 g/kg) and 10 mg/kg Gli of 5 mi were administered intragastrically from the 4th day of high fat die though 8 weeks respectively. Other 10 matched rats were used as normal control group. The body weight, blood glucose level ,triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were detected in 4 and 8 weeks after usage of drug. The vitreous and serum samples were obtained in the 8 th weeks for the VEGF detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This experiment comlied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results The body weight and HDL in DM group were significantly lower than those of normal control group in 4 or 8 weeks ( P＜0. 01 ), but in ASD and Gli groups ,the body weight and HDL were higher than those of the DM group (P＜0. 05 ). the blood glucose level and TG were elevated in DM group compared with normal control group (P＜0. 01 ), but those in ASD group and Gli group were decreased in comparison with DM group ( P＜0.05 ). EIISA revealed that no significant differences were found in VEGF levels between normal control group and ASD group or Gli group (P＞0. 05 ), but in DM group, the serum VEGF level (147.65±4. 55 ng/L) was reduced and vitreous VEGF level (673.45± 100. 85 ng/L) was raised,showing the considerable differences (P＜ 0.05 ). No any correlation was found between serum VEGF level and vitreous VEGF level (r=0.314,P＞0. 05). Conclusion ASD can decrease the VEGF level in vitreous,implying that ASD postpone the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy in DM rat.