The spinal cords of three men, nine cats, three dogs and four rabbits were chosen for the present investigation. It was found that the thoracic segment of the spinal cord is longer than the other segments in man and animals. The volume of the gray substance in the lumber enlargment are larger than that in the cervical enlargment in man, cat, dog and rabbit, The cross—section areas of the white substance of the spinal cord in man increase clearly at the cranial level but that of the rabbit does not.Based on the measurements we found that the move of the gray substance anteriorly in man and cat may be the mark of evolution of the mammals. Perheps the spinal eord of eat is a satisfectory specimen in neuro anatomical and neurophysiological laboratory.

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Maxillary Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Myxoma ; diagnosis ; therapy

· AlM: To observe the characteristic of choroidal circulation in diabetics and investigate its changes as well as the relationship between it and the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy ( DR) .
·METHODS:All 45 diabetics were divided into 3 groups:no diabetic retinopathy ( NDR), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR ) , proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR);and 20 health people were selected to be control group.All subjects were examined by FFA and indocyaine green angiography ( lCGA ) ( Heidelberg retina tomography, Germany ) at the same time. The characteristics of angiograph results were comparatively observed and the feature of diabetic choroidapathy were analyzed.
· RESULTS: ( 1 ) There were no significant differences between DR groups and control group in the central retinal artery ( CRA ) filling time.There were significant decreases of the choroidal artery filling time in DR groups, compared to the control group (P<0.05).(2) ln all DR groups, the more serious DR, the bigger proportion of reverse filling.( 3 ) With more serious DR, the ratio increased gradually in early phase of choroidal filling deficiency angiograph and in the late phase of spot hyperfluorescence.
·CONCLUSlON:lCGA may be a useful adjunct to FFA in the evaluation of choroidal vascular changes in DR.The research provides that the diabetic choroidal circulation was abnormal before the occurrence of DR, which fully proved the presence of diabetic choroidopathy.

Succinic acid is regarded as C4 platform chemical, which has a huge potential market with wide applications in biopolymer, food, medicine, and so on. Production of succinic acid by microorganism fer-mentation has attracted much attention in recent times. By fermentation, succinic acid could be produced from renewable resources in place of petroleum with low cost and low pollution; especially CO2 could be fixed by microorganism to form the product, which is a promising way to deal with the green gas. Some E. coli have been chosen as good succinic acid producing strains because of their clear genetic backgrounds, convenience to be modified and controlled, and good growth properties with low nutrients requirements. The progress of genetic engineering strategy and metabolic engineering technology for construction of succinic aicd producing recombinant E. coli has been introduced in this paper with the discussion of the future re-search in this area.

A strain KX6,producing thermotolerant endoglucanase,was isolated from compost. The morpholo-gical identification and 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed it belongs to Streptomyces xylophagus. The production and characterization of endoglucanase from Streptomyces xylophagus KX6 was studied. Maximum endoglucanase yield of 0.538 IU/ml was achieved with medium pH8.0,containing CMC2Na 1.0% as carbon resource,soybean meal 1% as nitrogen resource,2% inoculating volume,30% 250 ml triangle flask bulk for medium volume at 40℃ 200r/min shaker for 48h. The endoglucanase exhibited optimum catalytic activity at pH7.0 and 50℃. The enzyme was stable at 50℃,and able to retain 60% of the full activity,when it was incubated at 60℃ for 1h.The enzyme was stable at pH6.0~7.0. All these findings suggest that the enzyme is a thermotolerant neutral endoglucanase.

Objective: The method was established for the detection of whole blood indium and serum indium. By comparing the results of two samples, it is possible to explore the significance of whole blood indium and serum indium in the population exposed to indium compounds. Methods: According to GBZ/T 295-2017 and GBZ 294-2017, the whole blood and serum samples were diluted 20 times by 0.5% nitric acid solution (including 0.05% Triton X-100) . Under the standard mode of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) , whole blood indium and serum indium of indirect exposure group, low exposure group and high exposure group in an indium mine were detected with 20 μg/L rhodium standard solution as internal standard. Results: This method has a working range of 0.00~5.00 μg/L and a correlation coefficien t>0.999. The detection limit and quantitative lower limit of whole blood indium were 0.076 μg/L and 0.26 μg/L respectively. Those of serum indium were 0.06 μg/L and 0.20 μg/L accordingly. The recovery rates of serum and whole blood samples were 88.5%~95.6% and 93.0%~101%. Intra batch precisions were 1.3%~4.4% and 1.9%~3.5% and inter batch precision were 2.4%~6.1% and 2.1%~4.6% in two samples. There were no significant differences between whole blood indium and serum indium in indirect exposure group. The serum indium level was lower than the detection limit in 3 cases, while their whole blood indium was only below the quantitative lower limit. However, in other groups whole blood indium level was significantly higher than serum indium level (P<0.05) and even was two-fold in the high exposure group. Conclusion The detection of whole blood indium is more sensitive than that of serum indium, which can reflect the internal exposure level more accurately in exposure population. Therefore, the whole blood indium is of more important referential value to health examination and poisoning diagnosis in the population exposed to indium and its compounds.

Different-length fragments of the HIV trans-membrane antigen (gp120) gene were expressed in Escherichia coli, using T7 expression system. SDS-PAGE stained by Coomassic Brilliant Blue showed no expression of full-length gp120 and poor expression of half-length gp120 fragments from the N-terminal, but high expression of 1/3-lgenth gp120 gene fragments from the N-terminal (including V1/V2 epitopes), more than 18% of total bacterial protein. Western blot showed fairly good reactivity to serum from HIV-infected individual. On this basis, we expressed the corresponding tp 120 fragments of the HIV strains epidemic in China. This study laid a solid foundation for exploration of high expression of gp 120 in E.coli and development of HIV serological diagnostic system for Chinese people.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Biogenic Monoamines ; metabolism ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; toxicity ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer patients undertaking radical prostatectomy with single positive core biopsy, and to optimize the rational choice of therapeutic strategy. METHODS: In the study, 53 patients with single positive core prostate biopsy and treated by radical prostatectomy from January 2010 to December 2018, were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age was (69.7±6.9) years (54-81 years), the mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was (9.70±5.24) μg/L (1.69-25.69 μg/L), and the mean prostate volume was (50.70±28.39) mL (12.41-171.92 mL). Thirty-nine out of 54 (73.6%) patients presented Gleason score with 6, 11 patients (20.8%) had Gleason score of 7 and 3 patients (5.7%) showed Gleason score ≥8. For clinical stages, 6 out of the 53 patients (11.3%) had prostate cancer in cT1, 44 cases (83.0%) had prostate cancer in cT2, and 3 cases (5.7%) in cT3.The patients were divided into subgroups according to age, preoperative PSA level, Gleason score, percentage of tumor in single needle tissue and clinical stage, and the differences of their clinicopathological characteristics were compared. RESULTS: Postoperative Gleason score of 6, 7 and ≥8 were found in 20 cases (37.7%), 21 cases (39.6%) and 10 cases (18.9%) respectively, another 2 cases (3.8%) were pT0 prostate cancer; pathological stages of T0, T2a, T2b, T2c and T3 were found in 2 cases (3.8%), 9 cases (17.0%), 2 cases (3.8%), 29 cases (54.7%) and 11 cases (20.8%) respectively; 11 cases (20.8%) had positive surgical margin, 10 cases (18.9%) had extracapsular invasion of prostate, and 1 case (1.9%) showed seminal vesicle invasion. Forty-two cases (79.2%) had multifocal lesions and 37 cases (69.8%) presented bilateral lesion. Compared with the biopsy Gleason score, the postoperative Gleason score was downgrated in 3 cases (5.7%), unchanged in 28 cases (52.8%), and upgraded in 20 cases (37.7%), of which 2 cases (3.8%) were pT0. Compared with the clinical stage, the postoperative pathological stage decreased in 2 cases (3.8%), unchanged in 10 cases (18.9%), and upgraded in 41 cases (77.4%). According to the postoperative pathology, the patients were divided into two groups: microfocus cancer group (n=8) and non-microfocus cancer group (n=45). The difference between the two groups in the percentage of tumor in the single-needle tissue ≤5% was statistically significant (P=0.014). Other parameter diffe-rences including age, prostate volume, and preoperative prostate special antigen density (PSAD) and Gleason scores were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The method to determine the location of cancer at the apex of prostate according to biopsy results showed 41.4% (12/29) false negative rate and 50.0% (12/24) false positive rate. There was statistically significant difference between the actual cases of lymph node dissection and reserved nerve and the cases of scheme selection in theory according to the postoperative pathology (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The proportion of single needle cancer tissue less than or equal to 5% is a predictor of prostate microfocal cancer. 37.7% cases had pathological upgrading and 77.4% cases had pathological staging upgrading. When choosing the operation scheme, such as sexual nerve reserved, lymph node dissection and apex operation skill, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze multiple factors, such as tumor risk classification, prediction factors of nomogram, multi-parameter MRI and intraoperative situation and so on.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy, Needle ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of single-stage percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) combined with flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) for the management of staghorn calculi with pyonephrosis.Methods:A total of 13 patients of staghorn renal calculi with pyonephrosis, which was diagnosed by intraoperative pelvic urine bacteria culture, were treated by PCNL combined with FURS from May 2017 to December 2019. Of all the 13 patients, 7 were males and 6 were females, with mean age of 52.5 years, ranged from 33 years to 68 years. The mean stone burden was (1 070.9±397.0) mm 2, ranged from 507.4 mm 2 to 1 809.5 mm 2. Bacteria culture and microbial sensitivity test was performed for all the patients. Four patients with fever on admission accepted ureteral stenting at least a week before the surgeries. All the patients received preoperative antibiotic therapies for at least a week, and the infective symptoms and inflammatory indexes was normal before the surgeries. Under general anesthesia, the procedures were performed in a modified supine Valdivia position. After the transurethral FURS was performed, the standard percutaneous track was placed at the subcostal point between mid-axillary line and scapular line under the FURS and ultrasounic guide. The purulence and the stones were shattered and removed by PCNL with negative pressure system, and FURS helped to shatter and move out the stones beyond the PCNL reach through the same tract. A double-J tubes and a nephrostomy tube was routinely indwelled postoperatively. A radiological imaging was performed within three days after the operation to evaluate the stone free rate. The residual stone was defined as the stone larger than 4 mm. Results:All the procedures were successful. The one-stage stone free rate was 76.9% (10/13). The mean operation time was (94.2±21.8) min, ranged from 65 to 135 min. Six patients suffered postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and no patient occurred sepsis or complications of Clavien-Dindo classification Ⅲ or above. They were followed up for 3-24 months with median of 12 months.Four cases with recurrence of ipsilateral stones, two cases with ipsilateral mild renal atrophy, no recurrent ipsilateral upper uninary infection were found in the followup.Conclusions:Single-stage PCNL combined with flexible ureteroscopy could be feasible for the management of staghorn calculi with pyonephrosis with safety and efficacy.