Objective: To analyze the infection characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City, so as to provide the reference for effective AIDS intervention. Methods: Newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City in 2022 were recruited. Demographic information, HIV testing status, infection routes and sexual behaviors were collected using questionnaire surveys. Blood samples were collected before antiviral treatment, and HIV-1 pol gene sequences were detected to construct molecular transmission networks. The characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases, including infection routes, time, and location were analyzed. Factors affecting infection time and location among HIV/AIDS cases were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 007 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Hangzhou City in 2022, with 907 cases (90.07%) completing questionnaire surveys. Among them, 833 were males (91.84%), and 532 had out-of-province household registrations (58.65%). Ninety-one molecular transmission networks were established, and 276 cases were involved, with homosexual contact as the main infection route (199 cases, 72.10%). There were 311 recently infected cases (35.34%) and 569 previously infected cases (64.66%) among 880 cases whose infection time could be determined. There were 531 locally infected. cases (70.24%) and 225 imported cases (29.76%) among 756 cases whose infection location could be determined. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the HIV/AIDS cases who were identified through voluntary counseling and testing (OR=1.826, 95%CI: 1.055-3.175) and sought sexual partners through homosexual dating apps (OR=2.461, 95%CI: 1.193-5.234) were more likely to be recently infected; the cases who lived in Hangzhou City for more than one year (>1 to 5 years, OR=2.853, 95%CI: 1.552-5.358; >5 years, OR=3.534, 95%CI: 1.382-9.804), sought sexual partners through entertainment venues (OR=3.449, 95%CI: 1.390-8.935), online/social apps (OR=2.416, 95%CI: 1.084-5.488) and homosexual dating apps (OR=3.734, 95%CI: 1.677-8.493) were more likely to be locally infected; student cases were more likely to be infected outside Hangzhou City (OR=0.115, 95%CI: 0.019-0.525). Conclusions The newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City in 2022 were primarily infected through homosexual contact, previously and locally. Seeking sexual partners through homosexual dating apps is an important influencing factor for recent and local infections, highlighting the need for strengthening traceback investigations of related cases.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Hirudo， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and drug pair on renal pathological morphology and protein phosphatase 2A （PP2A）/adenylate activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signal pathway in rats with chronic renal failure （CRF）. MethodThe 55 male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group （n=11） and a modeling group （n=44）. The normal group was fed conventionally， and the modeling group was given 0.25 g·kg^-1·d^-1 adenine by gavage for 28 days to replicate the CRF model. After successful modeling， rats were randomly divided into model group， Hirudo group （3 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma group （3 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and Hirudo + Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma group （3 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， with 9 rats in each group. The normal group and model group were given a constant volume of normal saline by intragastric administration for 30 days. At the end of the experiment， the levels of serum creatinine （SCr） and urea nitrogen （BUN） in all groups were measured. The renal pathological morphology changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Masson staining， and electron microscopy. The mRNA expressions of PP2A， AMPK， and mTOR were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression levels of PP2A， AMPK， phosphorylation（p）-AMPK， mTOR， and p-mTOR in renal tissue were detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the renal pathological structure changes were obvious， and the levels of SCr and BUN were significantly increased. The mRNA expression of PP2A， protein expression of PP2A， and p-mTOR/mTOR expression were significantly increased， and the p-AMPK/AMPK was significantly decreased in the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the renal pathological morphology changes were significantly improved， and the levels of SCr and BUN were significantly decreased. The mRNA expression of PP2A， protein expression of PP2A， and p-mTOR/mTOR expression in the renal tissue were significantly decreased， and the p-AMPK/AMPK was significantly increased （P<0.05） in all groups after drug intervention. In addition， the effect in the Hirudo+Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma group was better. The mRNA expression levels of AMPK and mTOR in the renal tissue were not significantly different among the normal group， model group， and other groups. ConclusionThe efficacy of Hirudo and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma pairs in improving renal fibrosis in rats with CRF is significantly better than that of the single drug， and its improvement on renal fibrosis in rats with CRF may be related to the regulation of PP2A/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate serum vitamin A and vitamin D status in children aged 2-<7 years in 20 cities in China.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 2 924 healthy children aged 2-<7 years were recruited from September 2018 to September 2019 from 20 cities in China, categorized by age groups of 2-<3 years, 3-<5 years, and 5-<7 years. The demographic and economic characteristics and health-related information of the enrolled children were investigated. Body weight and height were measured by professional staff members. The serum vitamin A and vitamin D levels were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were applied to analyze the association between vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as well as their underlying impact factors.Results:The age of the 2 924 enrolled children was 4.33 (3.42, 5.17) years. There were 1 726 males (59.03%) and 1 198 females (40.97%). The prevalences of vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency in enrolled children were 2.19% (64/2 924) and 3.52% (103/2 924), respectively, and the insufficiency rates were 29.27% (856/2 924) and 22.20% (649/2 924), respectively. Children with both vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies or insufficiencies were found in 10.50% (307/2 924) of cases. Both vitamin A ( χ2=7.91 and 8.06, both P=0.005) and vitamin D ( χ2=71.35 and 115.10, both P<0.001) insufficiency rates were higher in children aged 3-<5 and 5-<7 years than those in children aged 2-<3 years. Vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation in the last 3 months was a protective factor for vitamin A and D deficiency and insufficiency, respectively ( OR=0.68 and 0.22, 95% CI 0.49-0.95 and 0.13-0.40, both P<0.05). The rates of vitamin A and D insufficiency was higher in children with annual household incomes <60 000 RMB than in those with annual household incomes ≥60 000 RMB ( χ2=34.11 and 10.43, both P<0.01). Northwest and Southwest had the highest rates of vitamin A and vitamin D insufficiency in children aged 2-<7 yeas, respectively ( χ2=93.22 and 202.54, both P<0.001). Conclusions:Among 20 cities in China, children aged 2-<7 years experience high rates of vitamin A and vitamin D insufficiency, which are affected by age, family economic level, vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation, and regional economic level. The current results suggest that high level of attention should be paid to vitamin A and vitamin D nutritional status of preschool children.

The effect of porcine SIRT5 on replication of foot and mouth disease virus type O(FMDV-O)and the underlying regulatory mechanism were investigated.Western blot and RT-qPCR analyses were employed to monitor expression of endoge-nous SIRT5 in PK-15 cells infected with FMDV-O.Three pairs of SIRT5-specific siRNAs were synthesized.Changes to SIRT5 and FMDV-O protein and transcript levels,in addition to virus copy numbers,were measured by western blot and RT-qPCR analyses.PK-15 cells were transfected with a eukaryotic SIRT5 expression plasmid.Western blot and RT-qPCR analyses were used to explore the impact of SIRT5 overexpression on FMDV-O replication.Meanwhile,RT-qPCR analysis was used to detect the effect of SIRT5 overexpression on the mRNA expression levels of type I interferon-stimulated genes induced by SeV and FMDV-O.The results showed that expression of SIRT5 was up-regulated in PK-15 cells infected with FMDV-O and siRNA interfered with SIRT5 to inhibit FMDV-O replication.SIRT5 overexpression promoted FMDV-O replication.SIRT5 over-expression decreased mRNA expression levels of interferon-stimulated genes induced by SeV and FMDV-O.These results suggest that FMDV-O infection stimulated expression of SIRT5 in PK-15 cells,while SIRT5 promoted FMDV-O rep-lication by inhibiting production of type I interferon-stimula-ted genes.These findings provide a reference to further ex-plore the mechanism underlying the ability of porcine SIRT5 to promote FMDV-O replication.

Aim To explore the effect of targeted inhi-bition of co-signaling molecule B7-H3 on the growth,migration,and angiogenesis ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).Methods Small interference RNA was used to knock down HUVECs B7-H3 molecules.CCK-8 test was used to detect cell proliferation at 24 h,48 h and 72 h.Transwell test was then used to detect 24 h cell migration,and three-dimensional cell culture was used to observe cell angio-genesis.Results Compared with the negative control group(siRNA-Control),siRNA-720,siRNA-1707 and siRNA-1690 had different inhibitory effects on the expression of B7-H3.B7-H3 inhibition of siRNA-1690 was significantly higher than that of siRNA-720 and siRNA-1707,and siRNA-1690 sequence was chosen for follow-up experiment.The results of CCK-8 cell vi-ability assay showed that the proliferation ability of HU-VECs decreased by 24％,22％(P＞0.05,compared with 24 h)and 15％(P＜0.05,compared with 48 h)respectively at 24 h,48 h and 72 h after B7-H3 knockout.The migration ability of B7-H3 for 24 h was significantly lower than that of siRNA-Control group(P＜0.01).The results of three-dimensional cell cul-ture showed that the angiogenic ability of HUVECs de-creased significantly after si-B7-H3 knockdown of B7-H3 gene(P＜0.01).Conclusion Targeting B7-H3 inhibits the growth,migration,and angiogenesis of hu-man umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Aim To investigate the mechanism of py-roptosis mediated by the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway and the intervention effect of Radix Angelica Sinensis and Radix Astragalus ultrafiltration extract(RAS-RA)in radiation-induced pulmonary fi-brosis.Methods Fifty Wistar rats were randomly di-vided into five groups,with ten rats in each group.Ex-cept for the blank control group,all other groups of rats were anesthetized and received a single dose of 40 Gy X-ray local chest radiation to establish a radiation-in-duced pulmonary fibrosis rat model.After radiation,the rats in the RAS-RA intervention groups were orally administered doses of 0.12,0.24 and 0.48 g·kg-1 once a day for 30 days.The average weight and lung index of the rats were observed after 30 days of contin-uous administration.Hydroxyproline(HYP)content in lung tissue was determined by hydrolysis method.The levels of IL-18 and IL-1 β in serum were detected by ELISA.Lung tissue pathological changes were ob-served by HE and Masson staining.Ultrastructural changes in lung tissue were observed by transmission e-lectron microscopy.The expression levels of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptosis pathway-related proteins and fibrosis-related proteins in lung tissue were detec-ted by Western blot.Results Compared with the blank group,the HYP content in lung tissue and the levels of IL-18 and IL-1 β in serum significantly in-creased in the model group(P＜0.01).HE and Mas-son staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber deposition.Transmission electron mi-croscopy revealed increased damaged mitochondria,disordered arrangement,irregular morphology,shallow matrix,outer membrane rupture,mostly fractured and shortened cristae,mild expansion,increased electron density of individual mitochondrial matrix,mild sparse structure of lamellar bodies,partial disorder,unclear organelles,and characteristic changes of pyroptosis.Western blot analysis showed increased expression of caspase-1,GSDMD,NLRP3,CoL-Ⅰ,α-SMA,and CoL-Ⅲ proteins(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the RAS-RA intervention group showed signifi-cant improvement in body mass index and lung index of rats,decreased levels of IL-18 and IL-1 β inflammatory factors(P＜0.01),improved mitochondrial structure,reduced degree of fibrosis,and decreased expression of caspase-1,GSDMD,NLRP3,COL-Ⅰ,COL-Ⅲ,and α-SMA proteins in lung tissue(P＜0.01).Conclusion RAS-RA has an inhibitory effect on radiation-in-duced pulmonary fibrosis,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of pyroptosis through the regu-lation of the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the property of projection neurons in the pathway from the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)to the thalamic paraventricular nucleus(PVT)and to investigate the effect of modulation of the pathway on physiological pain and acute pain in mice.Methods Three knock-in mice with glutamate decarboxylase 67-green fluorescent protein(GAD67-GFP)were used in morphological tracing experiments,and twenty-seven C57 mice were used for behavioral observation experiments.Cholera toxin subunit B(CTB)was injected into the PVT of GAD67-GFP transgenic mice,and the properties of mPFC neurons projected to PVT were observed.The mPFC-PVT pathway was activated or inhibited by chemogenetics to observe the effects on physiological pain,such as mechanical pain,thermal pain,cold pain,and on acute inflammatory pain induced by capsaicin in mice.Results CTB-labeled neurons in the mPFC were mainly distributed in layer Ⅴ and layer Ⅵ and not double-labeled with GAD67-GFP.Chemogenetic activation of the mPFC-PVT pathway decreased the mechanical pain threshold significantly(P＜0.0001)and shortened the thermal pain latency(P＜0.001),but had no obvious effects on cold pain.Inhibition of this pathway increased the mechanical pain threshold significantly(P＜0.05).Activation of the pathway increased the paw licking time(P＜0.05)in acute inflammatory pain induced by capsaicin.Conclusion mPFC-PVT pathway is a non GABAergic projection and its activation can promote mechanical pain,thermal pain,and acute inflammatory pain induced by capsaicin in mice.

Objective To explore the effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)microRNA 17-92 cluster host gene(MIR17HG)regulating microRNA(miR)-214-3p/ring finger protein 38(RNF38)signal axis on the malignant biological behavior of liver cancer cells.Methods The cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of 46 patients with liver cancer who underwent surgical resection in our hospital from May 2022 to October 2023 were collected to detect the expression of lncRNA MIR17HG,miR-214-3p and RNF38.HepG2,Bel-7402,SMMC-7721 and HL-7702 cells were cultured in vitro,and the expression of lncRNA MIR17HG,miR-214-3p and RNF38 was compared,Bel-7402 cells were selected for further study,and randomly divided into sh-NC group,sh-MIR17HG group,anti-NC group,anti-miR-214-3p group and Bel-7402 group.The proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and migration of Bel-7402 cells in each group were investigated,the expression of RNF38,caspase-3(caspase-3),B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP2)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP9)protein was analyzed by western blotting,the relationship between lncRNA MIR17HG and miR-214-3p and the relationship between miR-214-3p and RNF38 were verified by double luciferase.Results The mRNA expression of lncRNA MIR17HG and RNF38 in liver cancer tissues was higher,the mRNA expression of miR-214-3p was lower,and the positive expression rate of RNF38 protein was higher(P＜0.05).The expression of lncRNA MIR17HG mRNA,RNF38 mRNA and RNF38 protein in SMMC-7721,HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells was higher than that in HL-7702 cells,and the expression of miR-214-3p mRNA was lower than that in HL-7702 cells(P＜0.05).Compared with Bel-7402 group and sh-NC group,the OD450nm value,the number of cloned cells,the number of invasive cells,the number of migrated cells and the expression of RNF38,MMP2,Bcl-2 and MMP9 in sh-MIR17HG group decreased,while the apoptosis rate and the expression of caspase-3 increased(P＜0.05).Compared with sh-MIR17HG group and anti-NC group,the OD450nm value,the number of cloned cells,the number of invasive cells,the number of migrated cells and the expression of RNF38,MMP2,Bcl-2 and MMP9 in anti-miR-214-3p group increased,while the apoptosis rate and the expression of caspase-3 decreased(P＜0.05).LncRNA MIR17HG and miR-214-3p,and miR-214-3p and RNF38 have targeted relationships respectively.The luciferase activity in miR-214-3p+WT-MIR17HG group was lower than that in miR-NC+WT-MIR17HG group(P＜0.05),and the luciferase activity in miR-214-3p+WT-RNF38 group was lower than that in miR-NC+WT-RNF38 group(P＜0.05).Conclusion LncRNA MIR17HG may promote the malignant biological behavior of liver cancer cells by regulating the miR-214-3p/RNF38 axis.

Objective To propose an evaluation and screening indicator for the reliability of emergency ventilators.Methods Firstly,a regression model was used to clean the data and remove noise to ensure the accuracy of regression analysis.Then,four groups of highly correlated data combinations,including inspiratory tidal volume-minute expiratory volume,peak airway pressure-minute expiratory volume,peak airway pressure-inspiratory tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)-mean airway pressure,were determined with the methods of curve fitting and transfer function,and the difference between the theoretical output and the actual output of the data combinations was regarded as an indicator to judge whether the ventilator functioned well or not;finally,the indicator proposed was applied to single and multiple ventilators,and the feasibility of the indicator was determined by the proportion of the ventilators functioning well.Results The evaluation results with a single ventilator showed the four groups of data combinations had the actual output fitted well with the theoretical output,and all the differences between the theoretical output and the actual output were lower than the threshold;the results with multiple ventilators indicated there were 71.49％ventilators functioning well,which was very close to the actual result that 72％ventilators behaved well.Conclusion The evaluation and screening indicator for emergency ventilators has high feasibility,and theoretical support is provided for reliability assessment and selection of series of emergency treatment equipment.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(7):8-16]

Objective:To explore the effect of ear point embedding beans combined with acupoint pressing in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with hematologic malignancies.Methods:A prospective case series study was conducted. Two hundred patients with hematological tumors who underwent chemotherapy at Fujian Medical University Affiliated Union Hospital from October 2022 to August 2023 were divided into experimental group and control group using the random number table method, with 100 patients in each group. Both groups of patients received chemotherapy with high emetic risk drugs and received routine antiemetic treatment and nursing care with tropisetron hydrochloride. The experimental group added ear point embedding beans and acupoint pressing. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) antiemesis tool (MAT) scale was used to evaluate the acute (within 24 hours after the start of chemotherapy, for 3 d) and delayed (24 hours after the end of chemotherapy, for 4 d) CINV status of patients, and the two groups were compared.Results:The final experimental group included 99 cases, while the control group included 90 cases. The age of 189 patients was (38±12) years old; there were 116 males (61.38%) and 73 females (38.62%). There were no statistically significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, etc.), disease type, and gastrointestinal disease history distributions between the two groups (all P>0.05). The incidence of acute nausea [81.81% (81/99) vs. 94.44% (85/90)] and delayed nausea [45.45% (45/99) vs. 78.89% (71/90)] in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, the delayed MASCC-MAT scale nausea score [ M ( Q1, Q3)] was lower than that in the control group [0 point (0 point, 4 points) vs. 3 points (1 point, 4 points)], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01); there was no statistically significant difference in the acute nausea score between the experimental group and the control group [5 points (2 points, 5 points) vs. 5 points (3 points, 5 points)] ( P = 0.080). The incidence of delayed vomiting in the experimental group [25.25% (25/99) vs. 45.56% (41/90)] and the frequency of vomiting [0 time (0 time, 1 time) vs. 0 time (0 time, 2 times)] were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.01); there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of acute vomiting between the experimental group and the control group [48.48% (48/99) vs. 61.11% (55/90)] and the frequency of vomiting [0 time (0 time, 3 times) vs. 1 time (0 time, 3 times)] (both P>0.05). Conclusions:Ear point embedding beans combined with acupoint pressing can effectively alleviate delayed CINV in patients with hematologic malignancies, and to some extent reduce the incidence of acute nausea.