Objective To assess the value of endorectal elastography in the diagnosis of malignant rectal adenoma. Methods Sixty patients referred to the department of basic surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital for the evaluation of rectal adenoma from January 2011 to May 2013 were included in this prospective cohort. All patients underwent elasticity score (ES) and strain ratio(SR) examine before operation. To evaluate the reproducibility of the strain-ratio measurements, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. Compared with final operational pathological results,the diagnostic values of elasticity score and strain ratio method were assessed. Results Histopathological result showed there were 20 adenomas and 40 adenocarcinomas. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ERUS was 68%(27/40), 40%(8/20), 58%(35/60), 69%(27/39), 38%(8/21), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of elasticity score was 85%(34/40), 70%(14/20), 80%(48/60), 85%(34/40), 70%(14/20), respectively. The SR of adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than that of adenomas(2.82±1.81 vs 1.23±0.57, t=3.333, P < 0.05). The differences among the SR of benign adenoma, benign adenoma with severe atypical hyperplasia and completely malignant lesions were statistically significant (1.26±0.84 vs 2.94±1.95, 1.42±0.55 vs 2.94±1.95, t=2.619, 2.415, P=0.013, 0.021). When 1.240 was chosen as the best cut-off value of SR, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of strain ratio was 82%(33/40), 75%(15/20), 80%(48/60), 87%(33/38), 68%(15/22), respectively. Conclusion Endorectal elasotgraphy can accurately diagnose the malignant rectal adenoma, which can provide reliable preoperative imaging evidence for clinical operation mode.

Objective To investigate the effects of ischemic postconditioning on apoptosis, structural and functional changes of mitochondria induced by myocardial isehemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of rabbits and potential mechanism. Methods Eighty healthy rabbits were divided randomly into five groups: sham operation group ( Group Sham) , ischemic reperfusion group (Group IR) , ischemic preconditioning group (Group IP) , ischemic postconditioning group (Group PC) and 5-HD plus ischemic postconditioning group (Group PC +5-HD). All rabbits in the five groups were killed 4 h after reperfusion. The hearts were quickly collected for microscopy by TUNEL. We observed ultrastructural changes of myocardium under electron microscope and examined mitochondrial membrane potential and Ca~(2+) concentration, MDA content and SOD activity of myocardial mitochondria. Results Compared with group IR, the damage of mitoehondrial ultrastrueture was milder, the apoptosis rate decreased and Ca concentration and MDA content were much lower in group IP and group PC ( P < 0. 05 ). Mitochondrial membrane potential and SOD activity of myocardial mitochondria in group IP and group PC was significantly higher than that in group IR(P<0.05). The protective effect of PC against I/R injury was partially counteracted by 5-HD .Conclusion Ischemic posteonditioning can protect the heart from I/R injury, this is supported by improvement mitochondrial ultrastructure and by decreasing apoptosis, increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and SOD activity, alleviating Ca~(2+) overload and decreasing MDA content in myocardial mitochondria. The cardio protective effects may be explained by mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel.

Objective Our objective was to design a new type of bedpan (inflatable, bed urinal) and compare its effect with common bedpan. Methods We divided 144 patients with bone fracture and lying in bed into the test group and the control group with 72 cases in each group from May 2006 to February 2007. Inflatable bed urinals were used in the test group and common bedpans were used in the control group. The pain alleviation, comfort degree, staining of bed sheet and skin injury were observed and evaluated in each group. Results Application of inflatable bed urinal was superior to common bedpan in the following aspects: alleviation of pain, comfort degree, staining of bed sheets and skin injury. Conclusions Adoption of inflatable bed urinal could alleviate pain, prevent the incidence of complication and reduce the workload of nurses.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical significance of umbilical activin A in preterm infants.

METHODSForty-one preterm infants (gestation 28 to 36 weeks) were enrolled. Fetal membranes, umbilical cords and blood samples from umbilical vein were obtained. Umbilical activin A level was measured using ELISA. The histological examinations of fetal membranes and umbilical cords were performed.

RESULTSThe umbilical level of activin A averaged 2069 pg/mL in the 41 preterm infants. The umbilical activin A level in the 5 infants with intrauterine infection was higher than in those without intrauterine infection (2510 pg/mL vs 1975 pg/mL; P<0.01). Umbilical activin A level at cutoff of 2490 pg/mL showed a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 90.6% as a marker of intrauterine infection. There were no significant differences in the umbilical activin A level between the infants with and without respiratory distress syndrome. Umbilical activin A level was positively correlated with the duration of postnatal oxygen therapy (r=0.326, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSUmbilical activin A may serve a marker of intrauterine infection in preterm infants. The umbilical activin A level is correlated with the duration of postnatal oxygen therapy.

Activins ; blood ; Chorioamnionitis ; blood ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; chemistry ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; blood ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; blood

OBJECTIVETo assess the significance of platelet activation in unstable angina pectoris (UA) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to explore the relationship of clinical effect of Xuefu Zhuyu concentrated pill (XCP) in vivo and the serum pharmacological anti-platelet activating effect of XCP in vitro.

METHODSBy flow cytometry and special labelled antibodys to detect the whole blood platelet membranous glycoprotein CD62P and CD41/45 expressions in UA patients before and after XCP treatment, as well as those in peripheral blood of AMI rats before and after co-cultured with XCP containing serum from patients at 37 degrees C for 30 min.

RESULTSCD62P and CD41/45 expressions increased significantly in UA patients to 24.36 +/- 7.91% and 29.51 +/- 12.21% respectively. After effective treatment, they decreased to 19.57 +/- 7.22% and 20.87 +/- 8.73% respectively accompanied with increase of platelet adhesion and aggregation rate. The difference of CD62P before and after treatment was significant (P < 0.05). CD62P in blood of AMI rats was 39.73 +/- 12.36%, after being co-cultured with XCP containing serum from patients treated effectively, it reduced to 30.41 +/- 10.36% (P < 0.05), but after co-cultured with the serum from patients treated ineffectively, it showed less intervention effect (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPlatelet was highly activated in UA patients and AMI rats. The consistency between clinical holistic effect of XCP and serum pharmacological effect of XCP in platelet activation inhibition reflects a good correlation between serum pharmacological effect of Chinese herbal medicine and its clinical holistic effect.

Aged ; Angina, Unstable ; blood ; drug therapy ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; blood ; P-Selectin ; blood ; Phytotherapy ; Platelet Activation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

AIMTo develop a sensitive, specific and accurate method for quantifying 9-nitrocamptothecin in rat plasma and tissues and to study the distribution of 9-nitrocamptothecin in rat tissues.

METHODSPlasma and tissue samples were prepared based on a simple liquid-liquid extraction and separation through a Hypersil BDS C18 column. The mobile phase for plasma samples and tissue samples consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (35:65:2) and a mixture of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (30:70:2), respectively. The UV detector was set at 370 nm.

RESULTSA linear calibration curve of 9-nitrocamptothecin in plasma was obtained in the concentration range of 25-1,600 micrograms.L-1, and the quantitation limit of plasma and tissues was 25 micrograms.L-1. A linear range of concentrations for 9-nitrocamptothecin in heart, lung, spleen, stomach, fat, womb, and ovary was 10-1,000 ng.g-1, and the quantitation limit was 10 ng.g-1. A linear range of concentrations for 9-nitrocamptothecin in brain, kidney, liver, intestine, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and tectical was 5-500 ng.g-1, and the quantitation limit was 5 ng.g-1. The intra- and inter-run precision was measured to be below 11%. The inter-run accuracy was less than 5% for the analyte. After i.v. administration of 9-nitrocamptothecin, the drug was distributed extensively in rat in vivo. The concentration in lung was the highest, and the drug was accumulated in lung and liver. Following ig administration, the concentration in stomach was higher than that in other organs.

CONCLUSIONThe method is shown to be accurate and convenient, and suitable for preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of 9-nitrocamptothecin.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Camptothecin ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Liver ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tissue Distribution

Objective To retrospectively assess the prognostic impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection.Methods A total of 417 HCC patients who had undergone curative hepatic resection were included into two groups.108 patients were classified into DM group and 309 patients into the non-DM group.Overall survival,disease-free survival,postoperative morbidity and mortality were compared between the two groups after reducing confounding bias by propensity score matching.Independent prognostic predictors were determined by Cox proportional hazards model.Results Propensity score matching resulted in 89 patients in each group,and variables were balanced between two groups.In the matched cohort,DM and non-DM groups showed similar morbidity and 30-and 90-day mortality after curative hepatectomy (respectively x2 =0.837,x2 =Fisher,x2 =Fisher,all P ＞ 0.05),the 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 82.0％,59.9％,and 33.4％ in DM group and 90.7％,79.1％,and 69.3％ in non-DM group,respectively(P =0.001),however,there was no significant difference in disease-free survival between DM and non-DM groups.Cox multivariate analysis revealed that DM is an independent risk factor for overall survival in patients with HCC after curative resection,but not for disease-free survival.Conclusions DM does not increase the postoperative morbidity or mortality for patients with HCC after curative resection,however,DM may increase the risk of mortality of HCC patients in the long-term.

BACKGROUND: Stem cell transplantation in repairing infarct myocardium and in improving cardiac function has been widely accepted. However, whether transplanted cells and host cells formed an effective electricity and mechanical couple, whether a relevant independent electrical system with contractile function formed or whether severe malignant ventricular arrhythmia formed, are still unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate electrophysiological abnormaltiy and left ventricular remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction following allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal study was performed at the Experimental Center, Guangxi Medical University from December 2005 to October 2008.MATERIALS: A total of 120 healthy Wistar rats were equally randomized into normal control, sham operation, saline control and cell transplantation groups. Healthy Wister rats aged 1 month were selected to harvest bone marrow.METHODS: At the third passage, rat BMSCs were collected and treated with 5-aza, and differentiated into cerdiomyocytes.BMSCs were labeled with DAPI at 2 hours before transplantation. In the saline control and cell transplantation groups, rat models of myocardial infarction were established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. In the sham operation group, the coronary artery was not ligated, but only braid. At 7 days following ligation, BMSCs in the cell transplantation group at 2×10-1/L were infused into the edge and center of myocardial infarct region by multipoint injection. Rats in the other three groups were subjected to an equal volume of saline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Electrocardiogram and cardiac electrophysiology were performed. Ultrasonic cardiography was used to detect left ventricular function. Infarct size was determined. DAPl-labeled donor cell migration and distribution was observed with a fluorescence microscope.RESULTS: BMSCs could differentiate into cardiacmuscle cell-like cells which were capable of pulsing spontaneously, expressing cardiactoponin T and forming myofilament in vitro. Compared with the saline control group, PR interval, QRS duration and ventdcular effective refractory period shortened, ventricular fibrillation threshold increased at 4, 8 and 12 weeks (P < 0.05); left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole reduced, and left ventricular ejection fraction and shortening traction was significantly increased (P< 0.05). At 8 and 12 weeks, infarct size was significantly smaller (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks, DAPl-labeled BMSCs could be seen under the fluorescence microscope, and still could he detected at 12 weeks. However, the fluorescence became weak with prolonged time.CONCLUSION: BMSCs have the plasticity of differentiating into cardiac muscle cell-like cells, which can modulate theelectrophysiological abnormality and left ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction.

Objective To explore the diagnostic significance of differential cell count in induced sputum to chronic cough and assessment of airway inflammation.Methods The sputum of 335 chronic cough patients were induced.Differential cell counts were measured in these samples.The side effects were observed during the induced procedure.The final diagnosis was made based on clinical manifestation and examination findings including pulmonary function tests,provocation test,induced sputum cell differentials, etc.Results The cause of chronic cough was defined in 322 patients.The six most important causes of cough were typical asthma(TA,n=84),eosinophilic bronchitis (EB,n=62),atopic cough (AC,n= 42),cough variant asthma (CVA,n=40),gastroesophageal reflux cough(GERC,n=37),rhinitis and/ or paranasal sinusitis (PNDs,n=32),and others and indefinite cause (n=25,13).Percentage of eosinophils were significantly increased in the induced sputum of AC,EB,CVA,and GERC patients (0.005,0.052,0.059,0.234) compared with those in other causes and the healthy controls (0) (P

Polymerase chain reaction was employed to amplify the whole HBV CP region from the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, and then the PCR products were subcloned into pGEM Teasy vectors. Clones were randomly selected to be sequenced and the selected clones were compared to look for the difference.The sequencing results suggested that each sequence of selected clones was different and there were HBV quasispecies groups in patients. There were hot deletion region and point mutation near the TATA like box of CP gene. To address whether the mutations were responsible for the transcriptional activity, the wild type(wt) and the mutants of HBV CP genes were subcloned into pcDNA3 1( ) vectors, respectively. The reverse oriented clones were digested with KpnI and XhoI, and cloned into the KpnI and XhoI sites of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expressing vector (pCAT3 basic).The recombinant CAT plasmids were transfected into HepG2 cells using lipofectamine PLUS reagent, and the CAT expression which indirectly represented the transcriptional activity of HBV CP lying upstream of CAT gene was detected with a CAT ELISA kit. The restriction enzyme digesting results indicated that the recombinant CAT plasmids were successfully constructed, and the transfection tests indicated that the transcriptional activity of the mutants with deletion or substitute point mutation of TATA like box were reduced in comparison with that of CPwt. The HBV CP gene heterogeneity downregulated the transcriptional activity to some extent.