Burnout, Professional ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cells (WBCs) are inflammatory markers used to diagnose severe bacterial infections. We evaluated the diagnostic role of these markers and compared their accuracy for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) associated with chronic severe hepatitis B (CSHB). METHODS: PCT and CRP concentrations, WBC count, and other hematological parameters were measured in serum from 84 well-characterized patients with CSHB, of whom 42 had SBP. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: PCT and CRP concentrations were significantly higher in the CSHB patients with SBP (n=42) than CSHB patients without SBP (n=42). PCT and CRP concentrations were more accurate than WBC count for the diagnosis of CSHB-associated SBP. The optimal cutoff value of PCT was 0.48 ng/mL. The PCT concentration was significantly correlated with the CRP concentration and WBC count. CONCLUSIONS: Serum PCT and CRP seems to be better markers than WBC for the diagnosis of CSHB patients with SBP.
Age Factors ; Area Under Curve ; Bacterial Infections/complications/*diagnosis ; Biological Markers/blood ; C-Reactive Protein/*analysis ; Calcitonin/*blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/*complications ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes/cytology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritonitis/complications/*diagnosis ; Protein Precursors/*blood ; ROC Curve ; Sex Factors ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo create a 3-dimensional finite element model of knee ligaments and to analyse the stress changes of lateral collateral ligament (LCL) with or without displaced movements at different knee flexion conditions.

METHODSA four-major-ligament contained knee specimen from an adult died of skull injury was prepared for CT scanning with the detectable ligament insertion footprints, locations and orientations precisely marked in advance. The CT scanning images were converted to a 3-dimensional model of the knee with the 3-dimensional reconstruction technique and transformed into finite element model by the software of ANSYS. The model was validated using experimental and numerical results obtained by other scientists. The natural stress changes of LCL at five different knee flexion angles (0 degree, 30 degree, 60 degree, 90 degree, 120 degree) and under various motions of anterior-posterior tibial translation, tibial varus rotation and internal-external tibial rotation were measured.

RESULTSThe maximum stress reached to 87%-113% versus natural stress in varus motion at early 30 degree of knee flexions. The stress values were smaller than the peak value of natural stress at 0 degree (knee full extension) when knee bending was over 60 degree of flexion in anterior-posterior tibial translation and internal-external rotation.

CONCLUSIONLCL is vulnerable to varus motion in almost all knee bending positions and susceptible to anterior-posterior tibial translation or internal-external rotation at early 30 degree of knee flexions.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; physiology ; Collateral Ligaments ; physiology ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; physiology ; Stress, Mechanical

OBJECTIVETo detect the velocity and viscosity of blood flow of the vertebral arteries, the apoptotic cell and apoptotic related protein in the brain in order to offer theoretical foundation for the treatment of cervical spondylopathy of the vertebral artery type with the eliminat dampness resolv phlegm method.

METHODSSixty male Japanese big ear rabbits were divided randomly into normal sodium group (A), Flunarizine group (B), low dosage Wendantang group (C), large dosage Wendantang group (D), Flunarizine group combined with large dosage Wendantang group (E), normal group (F). Each group had 10 rabbits. Xiaozhiling injection was injected around the vertebral arteries of rabbits in group A, B C, D, E to make the model of the cervical spondylopathy of the vertebral artery type. Normal sodium (20 ml x kg(-1)d(-1)) was apply through intragastric administration in group A, F; Flunarizine (0.8 mg x kg(-1)d(-1)), low dosage Wendantang (1 g x ml(-1)d(-1)), large dosage Wendantang (2 g x ml(-1)d(-1)), Flunarizine combined with large dosage Wendantang were respectively apply through intragastric administration in group B, C, D, E. The velocity and viscosity of blood flow of the vertebral arteries, the apoptotic cell and apoptotic protein in the brain were detected before and after the treatment.

RESULTSSatisfactory animal model were obtained in group A, B, C, D, E. The rabbits of group E had the most improvement of the velocity and viscosity of blood flow of the vertebral arteries while at meantime, which had the lowest apoptotic index and apoptotic related protein expression in the brain.

CONCLUSIONThe routine treatment for the cervical spondylopathy of the vertebral artery combined with eliminat dampness resolv phlegm method could improve velocity and viscosity of blood flow of the vertebral arteries, which maybe relate with reduction of apoptosis in the brain.

Animals ; Blood Flow Velocity ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Spondylosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Vertebral Artery ; drug effects ; physiopathology

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Method Sixty KOA patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by using random number table, 30 cases each. The control group was intervened by oral administration of Celecoxib capsules, while the treatment group was given EA, 14 d as a treatment course. The changes of relevant cytokines [apelin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF soluble receptor (TNFsR)-Ⅰ, TNFsR-Ⅱ, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6] in serum of the two groups were observed.Result The intra-group comparisons of the total score, and the scores of pain, stiffness and dysfunction of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index showed significant differences in both groups (P<0.05); there were significant between-group differences in comparing the total score, and the scores of pain, stiffness and dysfunction of the WOMAC index after the treatment (P<0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were changed significantly after the intervention in both groups (P<0.05); there was nosignificant difference in comparing the VAS score between the two groups after the treatment (P>0.05). The levels of IL-6, TNF-α and TNFsR-Ⅰ were significantly changed after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05); the level of IL-1β was markedly changed after the intervention in the control group (P<0.05); there was a significant change in the level of apelin after the intervention in the treatment group (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in comparing the level of apelin between the two groups after the treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion EA can produce a satisfactory efficacy in treating KOA; it can significantly improve the symptoms and signs, and mitigate pain and symptoms through regulating the expressions of cytokines.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the etiology of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) preliminarily.

METHODSThe clinical findings of radical surgery of 109 cases with BCS from March 2001 to May 2009 were analyzed. The pathological components of membranous tissue (MT) from inferior vena cava (IVC) or hepatic vein (HV) of BCS patients were compared with that of thrombus from deep venous thrombosis (DVT), as well as the expression of transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta R), platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), endothelin (ET-1), factor VIII related antigen (FVIII-rAg), ferritin and alpha1-antitrypsin in MTs and thrombus through immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSOne hundred and four cases of BCS were due to IVC and/or HV membrane or thrombosis except that 4 cases due to IVC tumor or 1 case due to compression of fiber. The new-formed IVC membrane was found in 2 recurred cases whose IVC thrombus was excised before 1 year and 7 years. The development from organized thrombus to MT was found in 3 cases of segmental obstruction of IVC. The IVC membrane located below HV outlet was in 8 cases. Both MTs and thrombus had the pathological components such as fibroblast, neutrophil, granulation tissue, newly-formed blood vessels and so on under the light microscope. The expressions of TGF-beta R, PDGFR, ET-1, FVIII-rAg, and ferritin in MTs and thrombus were as follows: MT 72.3%, thrombus 50.0% (P > 0.05); MT 45.5%, thrombus 100% (P < 0.05); MT 100%, thrombus 0 (P < 0.05); MT 90.9%, thrombus 12.5% (P < 0.05); MT 72.3%, thrombus 100% (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe membranous tissues and thrombus have the similar homogeneity and cytokines expression. The membrane and thrombus may be different pathological phases.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Budd-Chiari Syndrome ; etiology ; pathology ; Child ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Female ; Hepatic Veins ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thrombosis ; complications ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; pathology ; Young Adult

UNLABELLEDObjective To evaluate the efficacy of 99mTc-labeled C2A probe in detection of apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells after chemotherapy.

METHODSImaging studies were performed in NSCLC H460-bearing mice. The mice were divided into 2 groups: the paclitaxel-treated group and control group. 99mTc-C2A was injected intravenously at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after chemotherapy. Images were acquired at 3 h and 6 h after injection using a pinhole collimator. The regions of interest (ROI) were drawn in tumor area and contralateral nomal tissue, and the ratio of T/NT were caculated. The tumor sections were stained by HE and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-nick-end labeling) staining to confirm the presence of apoptosis. Activated caspase-3 was also analyzed with flow cytometry.

RESULTSLittle uptake of 99mTc-C2A was found in baseline images, but tumor uptake increased very much after chemotherapy, the T/NT ratio was 1.79 +/- 0.34, 2.23 +/- 0.33 and 2.78 +/- 0.34, respectively. The T/NT ratio of control was 1.48 +/- 0.23. Tumor uptake (% ID/g) of 99mTc-C2A in chemotherapy groups were 2.82 +/- 0.90, 3.13 +/- 0.48 and 3.52 +/- 1.18, respectively. Tumor uptake (% ID/g) in the control group was 1.21 +/- 0.51. It in paclitaxel-treatment groups were 2.82 +/- 0.90, 3.13 +/- 0.48 and 3.51 +/- 1.18, respectively, significantly higher than that in untreated mice. Furthermore, the uptake of 99mTc-C2A correlated well with apoptotic index (r = 0.56, P < 0.01), and activated caspase-3 (r = 0.59, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONOur preliminary results demonstrated that 99mTc-C2A imaging in vivo for detection of cell death in solid tumors is feasible and well correlated with TUNEL staining and activated caspase-3. The C2A holds promise and warrants further development as a molecular probe to early predict cancer treatment efficacy.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Synaptotagmin I ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Technetium ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of 90% portal branch ligation on liver regeneration and expression of metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in rats.

METHODSNinety-six SD rats were randomly divided into Sham-PBL group and portal vein branches ligation group. The weight of both ligated and unligated lobes of liver were measured at post operation day (POD) 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The morphological changes of the non-ligated liver lobes were observed by microscope. The expression of PCNA, MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP2 of the non-ligated liver lobes were studied by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS1) 95.8% rats survived from the ligation of 90% portal branch. Hepatic lobe at the ligated side diminished progressively after ligation, whereas the lobes of the unligated side underwent compensatory regeneration. The ratio of non-ligated lobes weight to the whole liver increased slowly within 1d, speeded up significantly during 1-5d period, increased slowly after POD5, and got the plateau stag at POD7; 2) PCNA index were markedly increased within POD 0.5-3 (P < 0.01). It reached the peak at POD5 and decreased slightly at POD7, but still higher than Sham-PBL group level, then gradually returned to normal. 3) The expression of MMP2,MMP9 and TIMP2 in the non-ligated liver lobes were markedly increased at 1d. It reached the peak at POD7 and gradually returned to normal within POD7-28. 4) The MMP2 and PCNA in liver had a positive correlation at POD 0.5, 1, 5, 7, 14. The expressions of MMP9 and PCNA had a positive correlation at POD 0.5, 1, 7, 21.

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of TIMP2 and PCNA had a positive correlation at POD1, 7, 14, 21. The expression of MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP2 of the non-ligated liver lobes is markedly increased at POD1. It reaches the peak at POD7, and dropped to normal level gradually. The expressions of MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP2 and PCNA were correlated in 90% portal branch Ligation rats. The expression of MMP2,MMP9 and TIMP2 may play a pivotal role in liver regeneration.

Animals ; Ligation ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Regeneration ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Portal Vein ; surgery ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; metabolism

Objective To elucidate the clinical significance of high expression levels of endonuclease meiosis 1(EME1)in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases were used to screen and analyze differential gene expression between HCC and non-tumor tissues.A retrospective collection of liver tissue samples from 80 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy in the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2010 and December 2014 was performed.Immunohistochemistry analysis was employed to detect the EME1 expression levels.Survival analysis was then conducted to assess the impact of EME1 expression on 5-year postoperative survival rate of HCC patients.Additionally,gene enrichment analysis was applied to predict the function of EME1 in HCC.Results A total of 371 HCC tissue samples and 50 non-tumor liver tissue samples from TCGA database were analyzed,revealing significantly higher EME1 expression in HCC tissues.Microarray analysis of 107 samples within the GEO database(70 HCC tissues and 37 non-tumor tissues)confirmed that EME1 mRNA expression was markedly elevated in HCC tissues compared with non-tumor tissues(P<0.05).The 5-year overall survival(OS)rate was notably lower in high EME1 expression group than that in low expression group(44.1%vs.53.0%,P<0.05).Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that patients with high EME1 expression had a significantly lower OS rate than those with low EME1 expression(32.8%vs.45.0%,P<0.05).Multivariate COX regression analysis identified that high EME1 expression(HR=2.234,95%CI 1.073-4.649,P=0.032)and advanced China liver caner(CNLC)staging(HR=4.317,95%CI 1.799-10.359,P=0.001)were independent risk factors for the 5-year OS of post-operation patients with HCC.Conclusion Elevated EME1 expression in HCC tissues correlates with an adverse prognosis of HCC and suggests that EME1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate associations between health-promoting lifestyle and suboptimal health status (SHS) in the population of Guangdong province.

METHODSA cross-sectional survey was conducted in a clustered sample of 24 159 individuals aged 12-80 years from 2012 to 2013. Health-promoting lifestyle was assessed via the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II), and SHS was evaluated using the medical examination report and Sub-health Measurement Scale V1.0 (SHMS V1.0).

RESULTSOf the 24159 participants, subjects with SHS (46.0%) and disease status (35.2%) accounted for a much higher percentage than healthy subjects (18.8%). Regression analyses revealed a significant association between health status and healthy lifestyle (P<0.001). Unhealthy lifestyle was an important risk factor for SHS and disease, especially the former. Compared with the participants with a healthy lifestyle (minimal exposure), after demographic adjustment, subjects with a 'poor' lifestyle (maximal exposure) were at a 43 times higher risk of developing SHS (OR: 42.825, 95% CI: 30.567-59.997), those with a general lifestyle were at a 21 times higher risk of SHS (OR: 21.072, 95%CI: 17.258-25.729), and those with a suboptimal lifestyle had a 4 times higher risk (OR: 4.085, 95%CI: 3.352-4.979). In the general population, the major risk factors for SHS included poor stress management, poor self-actualization, inactive exercise and poor interpersonal relationship.

CONCLUSIONs Unhealthy lifestyles are significantly related to an increased risk of SHS. Intervention of unhealthy lifestyles, controlling the risk factors of SHS, and rigorous management of the time window of SHS are necessary to promote the heath status.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Promotion ; Health Status ; Humans ; Life Style ; Middle Aged ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult