Objective To explore the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia. Methods The clinical data of two cases of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia in literatures were summarized. Results Two cases were diagnosed of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia and had the onset with fever. The chest X-ray showed exudative change with cystic shadow. The chest CT showed multiple cavity changes. The sputum and blood cultures were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Both of them were effectively treated by vancomycin. The imaging was improved during the follow-up. Searching the database, 4 related literatures were being found, and there were totally 7 cases of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia including current 2 cases. The main features were as follows: The pathogenic bacteria in all cases include Staphylococcus aureus. One case was combined with pseudomonas aeruginosa. Six cases were community-acquired infections. All of them were non-immune deficiency newborn. Six cases were primary necrotizing pneumonia. Six cases were unilateral lung involvement. Five cases got fever, 5 cases had septicemia, 3 cases had pleural effusion, 2 cases had aerothorax, one case had bronchial chest and 2 cases had extrapulmonary infection. The C-reactive protein was increased in all cases. Three cases need mechanical ventilation. Six cases had a good prognosis. Conclusions The main pathogenic bacterium in neonatal necrotizing pneumonia was Staphylococcus aureus. The diagnosis was mainly depends on the typical imaging and pathogenic examination. The treatment is mainly the use of antibiotic for gram positive cocci.

Objective To investigate the clinical states of enuresis children companied with spina bifida occulta(SBO)and study the efficient way of treatment.Methods The children with SBO were check out by X ray from a total of 121 children with bedwetting.Their parents were asked to complete the enuresis questionnaires.Urine routine test and B-ultrasound examination about kidney,bladder and ureter were also asked to be done.The clinic data of the 49 children were attained and analyzed.They were randomly divided into 2 groups,and given the controlled treatment.Group A[used 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vas-opressin(DDAVP)only] and group B(used DDAVP plus oxybutynin plus bladder training)treated for 12 weeks.Results There were totally 49 bedwetting children companied with SBO,and most of them(44 cases,89.8%)were severe type(bedwetting times≥7 times/week).Some of them coexisted with frequency,urgency,gentle urgency incontinence and microscopic hematuria(22 cases).Thirty cases were found the functional bladder capacity(FBC)decrease by B-ultrasound.The cure rates were 58.3%(group A)and 88.0%(group B)respectively.The relapse rates were 36.8%(group A)and 12.5%(group B)respectively after stopping treatment for 3 months.Conclusions SBO accounts for considerably higher rate in enuretic children.It might cause the disability of bladder function.The treatment plan with DDAVP plus oxybutynin plus bladder training can not only increase the cure rate but also lower the relapse rate.

Background As one of the most common microvascular complication of diabetes in eyes,diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important cause of blindness.Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is involved in the occurrence and development of the disease through the activation of a series of inflammatory cytokines.Objective The present study was to investigate the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) excitomotor,rosiglitazone,on NF-κB expression and apoptosis of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the retina with diabetes mellitus. Methods Ninety SPF male Wistar rats were randomized into normal control group,diabetic control group and rosiglitazone group.Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ).Then 3 mg/kg rosiglitazone was intragastricly administered once per day in the rosiglitazonegroup,and the same volume of saline solution was used at the same way in the normal control group and diabetic control group from 3 days after modeling.The rats were sacrificed and the eye cups specimen was made at 4,8 and 12 weeks after usage of drugs.Retinal histopathological examination was performed by hematine-eosin staining,and expression of NF-κB p65 protein in retina and apoptotic index(AI) of RGCs were detected by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay,respectively in different time points mentioned above.The use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State and Technology Commission.Results The blood glucose level was significantly elevated at various time points in the diabetic control group and rosiglitazone group compared with normal control group (P＜0.01 ),and that of the rosiglitazone group was significantly declined in comparison to the diabetic control group (q =0.81,0.82,1.23,P＞ 0.05 ).Normal retinal structure was seen in the normal control group,and edema retinal cell and disorder of retinal layers were exhibited in the diabetic control group.Retinal structure was almost normal in the rosiglitazone group.The NF-κB p65 was expressed weakly in the retina of normal control group,but the expression of NF-κB p65 was significantly elevated in the diabetic control group and rosiglitazone group compared with the normal control group(P＜0.01 ).However,the expression of NF-κB p65(A value)was significantly decreased in the rosiglitazone group compared with diabetic control group at 8 weeks and 12 weeks( q=17.77,15.30,P＜0.01 ).There were a few apoptotic cells in rat retina of the normal control group.Compared with the normal control group,the AI of the diabetic control group and rosiglitazone group was significantly reduced(P＜0.01 ).However,the AI of RGCs in the rosiglitazone group was significantly lower than that of diabetic control group in various time points (q =19.28,27.39,49.92,P＜0.01 ). Conclusions As one of the PPAR-γexcitomotors,rosiglitazone can inhibit apoptosis of RGCs through downregulating the expression of NF-κB in rat retina with diabetes mellitus,indicating a protective effect of rosiglitazone on retina in diabetic rat.

Objective: To examine the effects of perioperative intravenous administration of flurbiprofen axetil (FA) on pain associated with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.Methods: This was a randomized,controlled study.Eighty-one patients who underwent 12 core prostate biopsy were included in the study.The patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n=27 in each) by type of procedure during prostate biopsy.Group intrarectal local anesthesia (IRLA) received intrarectal 5% (0.05 g/L) lidocaine gel 60 mg, 5 minutes before the procedure alone;Group FA received intravenous flurbiprofen axetil (1 mg/kg) 1 hour before the procedure;Group IRLA+FA received intrarectal 5% lidocaine gel 60 mg, 5 minutes before the procedure and intravenous flurbiprofen axetil (1 mg/kg) 1 hour before the procedure.The patients were asked to score the pain by using visual analogue scale (VAS) in 4 situations,including when the probe was inserted (VASⅠ),during anesthesia (VASⅡ),during biopsy (VASⅢ) and 20 minutes after biopsy (VASⅣ).The findings were evaluated with analysis of variance,and the Tukey post hoc test was followed with an overall 2-tailed significance level at α =0.05.P1, P value between Group IRLA and Group FA;P2, P value between Group FA and Group IRLA +FA,P3, P value between Group IRLA and Group IRLA +FA.The bonferroni method was used to adjust the test level, α=0.017,a P value of less than 0.017 was accepted as the threshold for statistical significance.Results: No major complications,including sepsis and severe rectal bleeding,were noted in any patient.There were no differences in general condition of the patients before procedure among the 3 groups.There were statistically significant differences in VAS scores among the 3 groups in VASⅡ (5.7±2.2, 3.0±1.5,3.3±1.9,respectively,P=0.012) and VASⅢ (6.7±2.3,3.0±2.1,2.9±1.6,respectively,P=0.001).There were no differences in the pain scores among the 3 groups during probe insertion (VASⅠ, 3.2±1.0,4.1±2.1,4.2±1.7, respectively,P=5.752) and 20 minutes after biopsy (VASⅣ, 1.4±2.1,1.0±0.9,1.1±0.7,respectively,P=3.772).Between-column differences among the 3 groups were VASⅡ (P1=0.007,P2=5.655,P3=0.001,respectively) and VASⅢ(P1=0.008,P2=7.517,P3=0.001,respectively),the differences between Group IRLA and Group FA,Group IRLA and Group IRLA +FA in VASⅡ and VASⅢ were statistically significant.Conclusion:The intravenous flurbiprofen axetil was found to be more effective than intrarectal lidocaine gel alone.

BACKGROUNDThe Taq/B, Msp/ and I405V polymorphisms of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), an important regulatory factor of lipid metabolism, have been attracted much more attention by the researchers. In this study, we investigated the associations between these 3 polymorphisms of CETP gene and variations in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

METHODSGenomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes of 203 CHD patients and 100 control subjects using the salting out method. Genotyping of the CETP gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 10.0 software package.

RESULTSThe distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the Taq/B, MspI, and I405V polymorphisms was similar in the CHD patient group and the control group. The B1B1 genotype of the Taq/B polymorphism was associated with significantly higher TC (P=0.039) and LDL-C (P=0.044) levels than the B2B2 genotype in CHD patients, and with significantly higher LDL-C (P=0.034) levels than the B2B2 genotype in controls. Homozygotes of the I405V polymorphism exhibited significantly higher HDL-C levels than VV homozygotes among control subjects (P=0.023). In male CHD patients with unambiguously assigned haplotypes, B2-M2-V/B2-M2-I patients demonstrated significantly higher HDL-C concentrations than B1-M2-V/B1-M2-I (P=0.023) and B1-M2-V/B1-M2-V patients (P=0.047).

CONCLUSIONSGenetic variations in the CETP gene may account for a significant proportion of the differences in plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations among the general population. The B1B1 genotype of the Taq/B polymorphism is probably a genetic risk factor for CHD in the study population.

Adult ; Aged ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Adult ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngitis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; Pharyngitis ; diagnosis ; microbiology

Objective To explore the efficacy and safty of sorafenib in Child-Pugh class B to class C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods In this three-center open-label study from November 2011 to May 2013, we randomly assigned 189 patients with advanced Child-Pugh class B or C HCC patients into two groups, one group with 95 patient to receive sorafenib (400 mg a time, twice a day) and the other group with 94 patients to receive best supportive care. The primary end points were progression-free survival and overall survival.
Results The median progression-free survival was 2.2 months and 1.9 months in the sorafenib group and best supportive care group respectively (Hazard ratio in the sorafenib group, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.75;P=0.002). The median overall survival was 4.0 months and 3.5 months in the sorafenib group and best supportive care group respectively (Hazard ratio in the sorafenib group, 0.48;95%confidence interval, 0.35-0.68;P<0.001). The main adverse effect of sorafenib was rash and acne of the skin (in 51.7%patients). The incidences of severe rash, diarrhea, and dry skin were 5.6%, 5.6%, and 2.2%in the sorafenib group. One patient reached partial response in the sorafenib group.
Conclusions Sorafenib is safe in patients with liver function impaired advanced HCC. It is effective in terms of progression-free survival and overall survival compared with best supportive care. Liver functions are the important predictive factors.

Previous methods used for nuclear transplantation were further investigated to develop a method that was both easy to carryout and did not require any special apparatus, such as Piezoimpact or Spindle-View. Following the puncture of zona pellucida with two holes by injection pipette that contained donor nuclei or cells, the injection pipette was pulled back to the perivitelline space while the negative pressure was increased in the holding pipette until the polar body and karyoplasm were wiped off completely. Then a reconstructed embryo was completed by the direct injection of the donor nucleus or cell without pulling out the injection pipette. 200 oocytes were manipulated using this method and it cost about 40 seconds with nucleus injection and about 30 seconds with cell injection to complete a reconstructed embryo. The success rates were 62.6% and 86. 0%, respectively, and enucleation rate was about 73.3% validated by Hoechst 33342. Using this method, the nucleus was completely eliminated and another was injected using the microscope and micromanipulator. Moreover, the efficiency of nuclear transplantation and survival rate of reconstructed embryos were greatly improved. Furthermore, it is very easy to manipulate and popularize in practice.
Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Organism ; methods ; Embryo, Mammalian ; cytology ; metabolism ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Zona Pellucida ; metabolism

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; Genes, bcl-2 ; Genes, myc ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Methotrexate ; therapeutic use ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Translocation, Genetic ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the reverse effect of mutidrug resistance of curcumin combined with melphalan on the mutidrug-resistant human multiple myeloma cell line MOLP-2/R and the relation with FA/BRCA pathway.

METHODSThe inhibitory effects of the drugs on the growth of MOLP-2/R cells were determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis, intracellular drug concentration and apoptosis were assayed by flow cytometry. The expression of FANCD2 monoubiquitination was determined by Western blot analysis.

RESULTSCo-administration of curcumin and melphalan had an synergistic inhibitory effects on the proliferation, IC50 of melphalan with 10 micromol/L curcumin reduced from 45.5 micromol/L to 19 micromol/L in MOLP-2/R cells. The apoptosis percentage of MOLP-2/R cells was significantly increased from (23.3 +/- 0.6)% to (52.6% +/- 0.8)% by the treatment of melphalan 20 micromol/L plus curcumin 10 micromol/L with the increased percentage of cells in the G2/M phase (from 9.1% to 18.5%) and enhanced intracellular drug concentration of MOLP-2/ R cells (from 15.2 +/- 0.3 to 21.4 +/- 0.8 ). The effects were accompanied with inhibition of FA/BRCA pathway by down regulation of FANCD2 protein monoubiquitination.

CONCLUSIONCurcumin combined with melphalan results in synergistic effects and reverses multiple drug resistance of MOLP-2/R cells effectively. The inhibition of FA/BRCA pathway may be the mechanism.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology