Allyl Compounds ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Garlic ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; adverse effects ; Sulfides ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; toxicity

Aristolochic Acids ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; Quality Control ; Research Design

Humans ; Hypertension ; diagnosis ; therapy ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; United States

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the preferred surgical procedure for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Currently,it is controversial how long the roux limb and biliopancreatic limb should be selected during RYGB.Based on the survey of American Society for Bariatric Surgery (ASBS) (2008),the Roux limb ranged from 10 cm to 250 cm and the biliopancreatic limb ranged from 35 cm to 250 cm.The length of small bowel exclusion may affect the postoperative results.Shorter jejunum exclusion may affect the curative effect,while overlong jejunum exclusion may result in nutritional disorders,diarrhea and other complications.Under the condition of fixed jejunal exclusion,it is worth exploring the relationship between the postoperative outcome and different parameters of small bowel exclusion.Lacking of consensus and criteria in this field,authors focused on the related references published recent years to summarize the valuable information.

BACKGROUND:The mechanical performance and cytocompatibility of polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEG) scaffold is poor via long-term experiments; therefore, other materials are added to the scaffold in order to improve its biological activity and mechanical properties. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the preparation process of carbon fiber (CF)-PLA-PEG scaffold, and to test its performance. METHODS:Modified CF-PLA-PEG composite scaffolds were prepared using solution injection-particle leaching method. Ultra-structure, porosity, water-absorbing quality, degradation rate and mechanical properties of CF-PLA-PEG composite scaffolds and PLA-PEG scaffolds were compared. Rat osteoblasts were co-cultured with these two kinds of scaffoldsin vitro, and the cel adhesion rate was detected by precipitation method after 12 hours. Cel counting was detected using MTT method to determine the cel proliferation at culture days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The surface structure of PLA-PEG distributed uniformly, and the aperture was (404.0±10.5) μm. The carbon fiber surface of modified CF-PLA-PEG composite scaffolds had a lot of longitudinal grooves, the surface structure also distributed uniformly, and the aperture was (433.0±3.0) μm. Difference in scaffold aperture was of significance between the two groups (P < 0.05). The porosity, water-absorbing quality, elasticity modulus, compressive strength, degradation rate, cel adhesion rate and cel growth rate of CF-PLA-PEG were better than those of PLA-PEG (P < 0.05). These results show that the CF-PLA-PEG scaffolds have good mechanical property and cel compatibility.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; prevention & control ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metabolic Syndrome ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Phytotherapy

Objective To investigate the effect of erythropoietin on the proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis of the cultured neonatal porcine islet cells in vitro.Methods Neonatal porcine islet cells were separated and pured from neonatal pigs with collagenase digestion and tissue culture,and their viability and purity were tested. The neonatal porcine islet cells were divided into a control group and an experimental group.The experimental group was treated with erythropoietin but not the control group,and the insulin secretion responsiveness induced by low and high glucose stimulation in the islet was tested after 5 days. Cells were counted and the activation of amplification was determined by MTT chromatometry. The rates of cell apoptosis were observed by ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) of fluorescent light staining and flow cytometry,and the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of bcl-2,bax,caspase-3,glucose transporter 2 (GlUT-2),and pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) mRNA was tested by RT-PCR.Results After erythropoietin was treated in the cell culture,the neonatal porcine islet cells had normal morphology,function,and reaction of insulin secretion to the glucose stimulation. Cell count showed more cells in the experimental group than in the control group (P＜0.05). MTT chromatometry showed the optical absorbance tended to increase with time,and compared with the control group,the optical absorbance was higher in the experimental group (P＜0.05),the expression of PDX-1 mRNA was slightly up-regulated (P＜0.05). The expression of GLUT-2 mRNA had no difference in the 2 groups (P=0.34). In the experimental group,the apoptisis rate was lower than that in the control group by flow cytometry and EB/AO fluoscence staining (P＜0.01),and the expression of bcl-2 mRNA was higher. Howerer bax mRNA and caspase-3 mRNA were obviously lower than those in the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusion Erythropoietin can promote the proliferation but has no effect on the function of neonatal porcine islet cells in vitro. Erythropoietin can protect neonatal porcine islet cells from apoptosis through up-regulating bcl-2 mRNA and downreguling bax and caspase-3 mRNA.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Nebivolol on patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension(EH) using different methods of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.Methods Forty-seven patients with mild or moderate EH were enrolled as our subjects after a 2-week administration of placebo.They were administrated Nebivolol (5 mg) once daily for 12 weeks.All the patients completed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring before and after taking Nebivolol for 12 weeks.The overall and individual methods were used to calculate the trough-to-peak ratio (T/P ratio) and smooth index (SI).Results (1) For all of 42 patients treated with Nebivolol (5 mg) for 12 weeks,the systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP) of the whole-day,daytime and nighttime after treatment were decreased compared to before treatment (the whole day:(144.1 ± 9.8),(124.4 ± 10.4) mmHg vs.(93.2 ± 6.3),(79.2 ± 7.2) mmHg;daytime:(148.9 ± 9.7),(128.3 ± 10.5) mmHg vs.(96.8 ±6.1),(82.2 ±7.5) mmHg;nighttime:(133.9 ± 11.9),(115.9 ± 12.0) mmHg vs.(85.7 ± 8.0),(72.5 ± 7.5) mmHg),and there was significant difference (t =8.06,8.74,8.00,8.82,5.75,and 6.57 respectively; P ＜ 0.01).T/P ratios of SBP/DBP calculated by overall method were 78.4％ (17.4/22.2) and 61.2％ (9.0/14.7),but it were (79.3 ±0.4) ％ and (58.5 ±0.5) ％ by individual calculation method.(2) Among 30 patients with better effect,the SBP,DBP of the whole-day,daytime and nighttime after treatment were decreased compared to before treatment (the whole day:(143.4 ± 9.1),(127.5 ±10.7) mmHgvs.(92.6 ±6.2),(81.6±7.6) mmHg;daytime:(147.8 ±9.1),(131.0 ±10.5)mmHg vs.(95.8 ± 6.4),(84.1 ± 7.5) mmHg; nighttime:(134.7 ± 11.6),(119.6 ± 13.2) mmHg vs.(86.2 ± 7.4),(75.2 ± 8.5) mmHg),and there was significant difference(t =11.18,12.77,11.14,12.85,7.37,and 8.74 respectively,P ＜0.01).T/P ratios of SBP/DBP were 78.9％ (18.3/23.2),75.3％ (11.6/15.4) and SIof SBP/DBP were 7.4(19.5/2.6),7.1 (14.2/2.0) calculated by overall method,but T/P ratios of SBP/DBPwere (78.4 ± 0.4) ％,(74.6 ± 0.4) ％ and SI were (1.35 ± 0.73),(1.34 ± 0.54) calculated by individualmethod.Conclusion Nebivolol (5 mg once daily) can significantly reduce ambulatory blood pressure.Overall calculation method is better than individual method in terms of assessing the time of durative action and smooth effect by trough peak ratio and smooth index.

Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypertension ; therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Diabetic Angiopathies ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional