Objective: To explore risk factors for complicated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in patients with refractory hypertension (RH).Methods: Clinical data of 536 RH patients, who were treated in our hospital from Jun 2010 to Jul 2015, were retrospectively analyzed.According to presence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or not, patients were divided into complication group (n=217) and pure RH group (n=319).Results: Compared with pure RH group, there were significant rise in percentages of drinking and smoking, hypertension course, mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, serum uric acid (SUA), creatinine (Cr), total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and significant reductions in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) mean diastolic blood pressure and mean heart rate in complication group, P<0.01 all.Multi-factor unconditional Logistic regression analysis indicated that hypertension course, SUA,MAP, Cr and LDL-C levels were independent risk factors for complicated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in RH patients (OR=1.014~3.217, P<0.05 or <0.01).Conclusion: Hypertension course,MAP,Cr,SUA and LDL-C are independent risk factors for refractory hypertension.Enhancing their monitor, prevention and treatment are important to reduce incidence rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in patients with refractory hypertension.

The effect of dark tea fermentation liquid with Eurotium Cristatum on the activity of digestive enzyme was researched, as fellowing amylase, protease, lipase. The results showed that dark tea fermentation liquid with Eurotium Cristatum may increase remarkably the activity of ?-amylase and protease, but decrease efficiently the activity of lipase. The fermentation liquid improves the digestion and absorption of starch and protein, but inhibits the decomposition and absorption of fat, so it can explain the mechanism of Fu-brick tea's health functions.

BACKGROUND:Many studies reported the relationship of the mechanical properties and water content about bone tissue, which is one of organizations containing the lowest water content on human body. Researches on effect of water on biological tribology behavior of bone tissue have been rarely reported and are the experimental study generally. OBJECTIVE:To explore the influence and the damage mechanism of water on biological tribology behavior of bone tissue, by comparing multiscale numerical model established with the experiment. METHODS:Dehydration of the bone tissue was studied by nanoindentation test and both reciprocating sliding and impact wear tests. A multi-scale finite element model was constructed under a flat-on-ball configuration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The viscoelasticity and the tribological properties of bone tissue significantly decreased as well as the different wear mechanisms under applied loading after drying. The analytical results indicated that there were high stress condition, which incurred the micro-crack initiation and the appearance of peeling and wear, around the Haversian canal, circumferential lamellas and the interstitial tissues. Meso-scale:dehydration weakened the function of absorption and interruption of stress, which facilitated crack extension in pore. Micro-scale:the high stress gradient of structure of canaliculi and lacunae is an important cause of tissue damage.

The rapid development of computer technology, molecular pharmacology and molecular biology extremely promoted the extensive and successful application of virtual screening technique (VST) in pharmaceutical exploitation. Based on plentiful literature and their own previous work, the authors elaborated the principles, methodology and strategy of VST systematically, gave a retrospection on the application of VST in the field of TCM in the last several years, and supposed that along with deepening of understanding, VST would play a greater role in TCM.
Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Drug Design ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Software ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective: To examine expression patterns of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its activated form, phosphorylated FAK (pFAK),in human osteosarcoma and to investigate the correlation of FAK expression with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Functional consequence of manipulating FAK protein levels was also investigated in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect FAK and pFAK levels in pathologically archived materials from 113 patients with primary osteosarcoma. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate prognoses. The role of FAK in cytological behavior of MG63 and 143B human osteosarcoma cell lines was studied via the FAK protein knockdown with siRNA. Cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and apoptosis were assessed using cell counting kit-8, Transwell, and Annexin V/PI staining methods. Results: Both FAK and pFAK were overexpressed in osteosarcoma patients. Tumor cells exhibited cytoplasmicity and occasional membranous immunoreactivity for FAK. A total of 42 cases (37.17%) mainly showed expressed pFAK in cytoplasm of osteosarcoma cells. No overexpression staining of anti-FAK and anti-pFAK antibodies was observed in normal cancellous bone tissues or negative controls. Significant differences were observed in overall survival between FAK-/pFAK- and FAK+/pFAK- groups (P=0.016), FAK+/pFAK- and FAK+/pFAK+ groups (P=0.012), and FAK-/pFAK- and FAK+/pFAK+ groups (P<0.001). All groups showed similar metastasis-free survival. Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that FAK expression profile is an independent indicator of both overall andmetastasis-free survival. siRNA-based knockdown of FAK significantly reducedmigration and invasion of MG63 and 143B cells and affected proliferation and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Conclusion: Osteosarcoma malignancies in vitro and in vivo were correlated with overexpression and phosphorylation of FAK. These findings suggest that FAK plays an important biological role in osteosarcoma carcinogenesis. This study provides a better understanding of diagnostic and prognostic relevance of FAK overexpression and phosphorylation in osteosarcoma patients. Therefore, FAK and pFAK can be used as independent predictors of overall and metastasis-free survival in osteosarcoma patients.

Objective To investigate the quality of life and its influencing factors of families primary caregivers of dementia patients .Methods The typically self made questionnaire ,WHO quality of life measurement profile (WHOQOL‐BREF) ,zarit bur‐den of care scale(ZBI) ,social support rating scale (SSRS) et al were adopted to investigate 64 caregivers of AD patients .Results (1) The overall quality of life of family caregivers of total subjective feelings were significantly lower than the general health status of subjective feeling score (t= -2 .217 ,P=0 .030) .The field of physiological and psychology points have no statistically significant difference in comparison with Chinese norm (t= -0 .252 ,-1 .994 ,P=0 .801 ,0 .050);the field of social and environment points have statistically significant difference compared with norm(t= -3 .830 ,3 .658 ,P=0 .000 ,0 .001) .(2) caregiver who have spouse , poor parent child relationship and patients with somatic diseases and mental behavior symptoms have lower quality of life(P<0 .05) .(3)Total score of Quality of life was negatively associated with total score of care burden (r= -0 .433 ,P=0 .000) ,while was significant positive associated with total score of the social support (r=0 .346 ,P=0 .005) .(4)Marital status ,parent‐child rela‐tionship ,physical illness and social support were the main factors affecting the quality of life(r2 =0 .409) .Conclusion Strengthen the social support and psychological intervention of dementia caregivers who has a spouse ,poor parent-child relationship and poor physical condition may help to improve the quality of life .

BACKGROUND:Recently,with the rapid development of material science and bioscience,the technology of dental implant has made great progress,especially the immediate implant technology.But the size and shape of implant are usually not fit for tooth extraction wound,so it is an important factor that leads to failure when implant and tooth extraction wound can not form close tangency.Guided bone regeneration or bone grafting materials are usually used to solve this problem.OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of nano-hydroxyapatite/collogen (nHAC) with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) and titanium (Ti) membrane on repairing peripheral bone defects of instant implant.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled animal study was performed at the Central Laboratory,the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between January 2005 and January 2006.MATERIALS:Ti screw implants (diameter 2 mm,length 10 mm,and pitch 0.4 mm) without the part that went through gum were offered by Nonferrous Metal Academy in Baoji,China.The nonabsorbable Ti membranes (2 cm×2 cm) were offered by Zhongbang Biomaterial Limited Company in Xi'an,China.The nHAC materials were gifted by professor Cui Fu-zhai from Material Science and Engineering Department of Tsinghua University and fabricated into 0.5 mm×0.5 mm×0.5 mm small blocks.rhBMP-2 was offered by the Academy of Military Medical Sciences in Beijing,China.rhBMP-2 was dissolved with hydrochloric carbamidine and then nHAC was immersed in it.Vacuumization,freeze-drying,and Ekibon degermation were followed.Each gram of nHAC compounds required approximately 1 mg rhBMP-2.METHODS:Four healthy purebred male dogs were included in this study.According to the methods to repair bone defects rhBMP-2+Ti membrane,nHAC composited with rhBMP-2 was implanted,covering Ti membrane.Six defects were made on the mandible on each side.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:At 6 and 12 weeks after implantation,new bone formation and the correlation of new bone to Ti implant were investigated by radiography,bone density measurement and histological examinations.RESULTS:All the bone wounds were full of new bone at 12 weeks,the Ti implants were steady and the osseointegration was good.In the nHAC+rhBMP-2 and nHAC+rhBMP-2+Ti membrane groups,new bone formed and maturated earlier.In the nHAC +Ti membrane,blank control,and nHAC + rhBMP-2 +Ti membrane groups,new bone formed well below Ti membrane and the alveolar crest was plump.In the nHAC + rhBMP-2 +Ti membrane group,new bone formed earliest with the most quantity and the alveolar crest was the plumpest.By 12 weeks,the bone density had achieved the same level as the autologous cancellous bone transplantation,but the alveolar crest was plumper compared to the positive control group.In addition,bone mass was much more.Bone formed slowest in the blank control group and fastest in the positive control group with the crest of ridge being slightly absorbed.CONCLUSION:nHAC is a new good bone graft material in repairing peripheral bone defects of instant implant,especially compositing with rhBMP-2 and/or Ti membrane.A round method to repair the surrounding bone defect of instant implant should be selected according to the specific situation in the clinic.

Background Many kindof cells,cytokineand extracellulamatrix components,such aconnective tissue growth facto(CTGF) and fibronectin (FN),can regulate and controll the formation and developmenof epiretinal membrane.Iiimportanto investigate the morphology and pathology of epiretinal membrane fothe prevention of relevanretinopathies.Objective Thistudy wato investigate the expression of CTGF and FN in differentypeand stageof epiretinal membranes.MethodEpiretinal membranewere collected during vitrectomy and silicon oil removal surgery from 24 eyeof 24 casewith rhegmatogenouretinal detachment(RRD) (including 14 eyewith courses＜90 dayand 10 eyewith course≥ 90 days),20 eyeof 20 casewith diabetiretinopathy (DR)associated with vitreouhemorrhage and tractional RD (course≥ 90 days)and 7 eyeof 7 casewith silicon oil tamponade (course≥ 90 days).The grading of the proliferative vitroretinopathy (PVR) wa＞C2 in all the eyes.Histopathological examination waperformed to assesthe pathological elemenin the differentypeand stageof epiretinal membrane,and the differential expressionof CTGF and FN in the varioutypeof epiretinal membranewere detected by immunochemistry.The amounof cellpositive foCTGF and FN wacompared using the FisheExacProbability method.ResultHistopathological examination showed thaincrease in the numbeof RPE celland inflammatory cellwaprimary characteristiin the epithelial membrane of RRD with courses＜90 days,buthere were loof neurogliocyteand fibroblastin the RRD group with course≥ 90 days.In addition,the infiltration of inflammatory cellwapredominanin the RRD and Dgroups,bufibroplasiwaobviouin the silicon oil tamponade group.When the course wa≥ 90 days,7 eye(70.0％)in the RRD group wapositive foCTGF,and 18 eyes(90.0％)in the Dgroup and 2 eyes(28.6％)in the silicon oil tamponade group were positive foCTGF,with significandifference among them(P=0.037).In regardto FN,9 eyeshowed expression in the RRD group(90.0％),18 eyein the Dgroup(90.0％)and 7 eyein the silicon oil tamponade group(100.0％),withousignificandifference among them (P =0.379).In the RRD group,7 eyewith course≥ 90 dayand 13 eyewith courses＜90 days(92.9％)were positive foCTGF,showing significandifference between them(P =0.032).AfoFN,9 eye(90.0％)with course≥ 90 dayshowed positivity,which wasignificantly highethan the 7 eyewith courses＜90 day(50.0％) (P =0.019).ConclusionThe expression of CTGF in epiretinal membranevariewith the disease type and course duration,buthe expression of FN in epiretinal membrane varieonly with the course duration.

AIM: To observe effect of the iris location to femtosecond - combined wavefront guided LASIK for myopia and astigmatism.?METHODS:The patients with astigmatism >1. 0D during the same time and followed up for 1a were selected. A total of 129 eyes in 67 patients were treated under iris location with femtosecond-combined wavefront guided LASIK ( experimental group) and 161 eyes in 82 cases with femtosecond-combined wavefront guided LASIK ( control group) . Laser cutting went with the same laser machine. The uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) , best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) , and wavefront aberration between the two groups were compared at 1, 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery.?RESULTS:At 1 and 3mo after surgery, the number of patients with better postoperative UCVA than preoperative BCVA between the two group showed a statistically significant difference (χ2=6. 423, P=0. 011,χ2=14. 431, P=0. 01 ); at 1d and 1mo after surgery, the residual astigmatism showed a statistically significant difference between two groups (t=1. 98, P<0. 05; t=2. 23, P<0. 05). At 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery, the differences on the change of residual astigmatism between the two groups weren’t significant ( P > 0. 05 ). At 6mo and 1a after surgery, the differences on UCVA between the two groups weren’t significant ( P > 0. 05 ). Until 1a after surgery, the root mean square ( RMS ) of high order wavefront aberration of the two groups, spherical aberration and coma aberration ( COMA ) were all enhanced compared to before surgery(P<0. 05). At 1, 3mo after surgery, the RMS showed a statistically significant difference between two groups (P<0. 05). At 1, 3, 6mo, 1a after surgery, the increase of COMA in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0. 05).? CONCLUSION: Iris location technology applied in femtosecond - combined wavefront guided LASIK for myopia and astigmatism, can make the vision recovery faster, the RMS of high order and COMA increase less, the residual astigmatism less, show better and more stable treatment effect.

AIM:To contrast analysis of postoperative variation of corneal posterior surface heights after Femtosecond LASlK ( FS - LASlK ) and small incision lenticule extraction ( SMlLE) for high myopia.
●METHODS: Sixty-seven cases of high myopic patients (132 eyes) operated with laser corneal refractive in our hospital from May to Dec. in 2015 (-6. 00D≤spherical equivalent degree≤-10. 00D) were selected and divided into FS-LASlK group and SMlLE group. The thickness of corneal flaps at FS-LASlK and the thickness of map at SMlLE were designed to be 110μm. Corneal posterior surface heights were examined by Pentacam at preoperation, postoperative 3 and 6mo after FS-LASlK and SMlLE operation. Surface height changes after preoperative, postoperative 3 and 6mo were compared by measuring Pentacam corneal analysis system.
●RESULTS: Six months after operation, the FS-LASlK posterior corneal surface height was 6. 47 ± 1. 65mm, significantly higher than 5. 20 ± 1. 32mm before operation. SMlLE posterior corneal surface height was 6. 40 ± 1. 33mm, significantly higher than 5. 18 ± 1. 25mm before operation, the differences were statistically significant( P<0. 05). Six month after surgery, two methods of corneal surface height variation obtained was 1. 29 ± 1. 28mm and 1. 22 ± 0. 89mm, there was no significant difference ( P>0. 05).
●CONCLUSION:After FS-LASlK and SMlLE, the corneal posterior surface is protrusive. FS - LASlK is slightly obvious than SMlLE in early period. The stability of the posterior surface is better after SMlLE.