0.05)and the TNM staging (P=0.55).A mild elevated compared other pathological classification was found in small cell lung cancer (0.191?0.275).Conclusions The results showed that RFQ-PCR was suitable for measurement of the mRNA level of PLKI in bronchoscopic bioptic specimens.This study suggest elevated expression of PLK1 might play a important role in development of lung cancer,so that PLK1 might be a potential tumor marker for Lung cancers.Advanced studies will be needed to clarify that PLKI mRNA level do not relate to TNM staging and pathological classification.

Biofilms are microbial communities which are enclosed within a matrix of exopolysaccharides produced by the bacteria,fungi and protozoa growing intimately on a living or inert surfaces.Further researches on bcterial biofilms formation and molecular machines,pathogenic mechanisms (especially drug resistance),detection and treatment maybe provide novel pathways to refractory infections caused by bcterial biofilms.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of total flavonoids of epimedium (TFE) on the streptozocin (STZ)-induced kidney injury in diabetic rats and discuss the possible mechanism.

METHODSDiabetes was produced by a single injection of streptozocin (40 mg/kg, iv) in male SD rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): control group, model group and TFE group (100 mg/kg, ig). Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks later. The level of blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) as well as the renal index were determined. Detect the specific biochemical of renal tissue: superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA). Use masson staining to observe the morphology of the renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the protein levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).

RESULTSCompared to control group, the enhancement of blood glucose, renal index, BUN and Cr was found in model group, which was significantly attenuated by treatment with TFE. Meanwhile, elevated MDA level in renal tissue as well as decreased SOD activities in renal tissue were significantly remitted by TFE. Furthermore, TFE decreased the expression of TGF-beta1.

CONCLUSIONTFE can evidently relieve renal damage in rats with diabetic nephropathy induced by STZ, which might be related to antioxidation and modulating the expression of TGF-beta1 protein.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and safety of the treatment for thoracolumbar fractures with transpedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach.

METHODSFrom June 2007 to December 2008, 19 cases of thoracolumbar fractures were treated with transpedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach. There were 7 female and 12 male, ranging from 21 to 57 years of age (mean 40.8 years) at surgery. The time from injury to surgery varied from 1 d to 5 d (mean 2.9 d). Nineteen patients all suffered from single thoracolumbar fracture with the distribution of injury level being T(11) in 1, T(12) in 5, L(1) in 9, and L(2) in 4. According to Denis fracture classification, there were 5 compression fractures and 14 burst fractures. The mean preoperative ratio of the anterior height of the body was 57.2%, kyphosis angle was 17.6° and occupation of spinal canal was 27.7%. The mean preoperative load-sharing classification of spine fractures was 5.2. Based on the ASIA neurologic grading system, preoperative neurological function was grade B in 2 cases, C in 9 and D in 8.

RESULTSMedian operating time was 83.8 min (range 60-95 min) and median blood loss was 133 ml (range 90 - 200 ml). Infection did not occur in any of the patients and the operative incisions were healing well. Average follow-up time was 19.2 months (range 12 - 36 months). At the latest follow-up, the height of the anterior border was corrected to 88.4%, the kyphosis angle was 6.1°, and the occupation of spinal canal was 8.2% on average. The postoperative neurologic function of all 19 patients was improved with grade D in 2 cases and E in 17. There were no instances of instrumentation failure and no patient had persistent postoperative back pain.

CONCLUSIONSTranspedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach could provide reliable neurologic improvement in patients with incomplete neurologic deficit, and could prevent the development of kyphosis.Furthermore, it has the obvious advantages of less invasive and blood loss, and decreases the risks of postoperative lumbodorsal pain.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Durapatite ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Method Sixty KOA patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by using random number table, 30 cases each. The control group was intervened by oral administration of Celecoxib capsules, while the treatment group was given EA, 14 d as a treatment course. The changes of relevant cytokines [apelin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF soluble receptor (TNFsR)-Ⅰ, TNFsR-Ⅱ, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6] in serum of the two groups were observed.Result The intra-group comparisons of the total score, and the scores of pain, stiffness and dysfunction of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index showed significant differences in both groups (P<0.05); there were significant between-group differences in comparing the total score, and the scores of pain, stiffness and dysfunction of the WOMAC index after the treatment (P<0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were changed significantly after the intervention in both groups (P<0.05); there was nosignificant difference in comparing the VAS score between the two groups after the treatment (P>0.05). The levels of IL-6, TNF-α and TNFsR-Ⅰ were significantly changed after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05); the level of IL-1β was markedly changed after the intervention in the control group (P<0.05); there was a significant change in the level of apelin after the intervention in the treatment group (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in comparing the level of apelin between the two groups after the treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion EA can produce a satisfactory efficacy in treating KOA; it can significantly improve the symptoms and signs, and mitigate pain and symptoms through regulating the expressions of cytokines.

Objective: To understand the AIDS knowledge,attitudes and practices of freshmen in Hangzhou and to provide evidence for prevention and control of AIDS in university students. Methods: Freshmen who enrolled in 2015 in a comprehensive university in Hangzhou were recruited by convenience sampling method and surveyed by a questionnaire about AIDS knowledge,attitudes and practices. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for awareness of AIDS knowledge among freshmen. Results: There were 1 999 respondents recruited,with a response rate of 95.19%. The awareness rates of basic and extend AIDS knowledge were 97.90% and 30.67%,respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that residence（OR=1.210,95%CI：1.006-1.456）,average or good family economic status（OR：1.874-3.027,95%CI：1.255-7.300）,receiving AIDS/STD related education（OR=1.717,95%CI：1.407-2.097）and receiving AIDS/STD related counselling in the past year（OR=1.786,95%CI：1.033-3.088）were the promotive factors for awareness of AIDS knowledge among freshmen. About 48.50% of freshmen thought they were impossible to be infected with AIDS,and 47.10% of them thought they were less likely to be infected with AIDS. About 0.90% of freshmen had sexual experience,fifteen,two and one of them experienced their first sex with girlfriend/boyfriend,homosexual partners and casual sex partners,respectively;nine of them used condoms in their first sex. The proportions of receiving AIDS/STD related services among freshmen ranged 2.00% from 37.77%. Conclusion The freshmen have a poor understanding of AIDS,weak awareness of HIV infection risk,high-risk behaviors for STDS/AIDS and receive insufficient AIDS prevention and intervention measures.

Objective To study the bone biomechanics of the rabbit osteoporosis models induced by dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection (DX) using a combined treatment modality of 99Tc-MDP and GuKangLing.Methods Rabbits were intramuscularly injected with DX (2 mg/kg) twice a week for 6 weeks.The animal osteoporosis model group (Group C) and normal group (Group A) were compared to confirm the model was available.Another control group (Group B),the osteoporosis control group (Group D) were set for the comparison at the end of the experiment.The 99Tc-MDP therapy group (Group E),GuKangLing therapy group (Group F) and 99Tc-MDP plus GuKangLing therapy group (Group G) were included in the study.The treatment lasted for 16 weeks.The bone biomechanics,cytopathology bone histomorphology,bone mineral density (BMD),X-ray,CT,bone scintigraphy and serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP)and P (bone gla protein) were chosen as the markers or methods to evaluate the treatment results (excellent,effective and invalid).The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were used for group comparison analysis.Results Cytopathology result indicated that there was no bone trabecula destruction in Group A.However,there was distinct bone destruction in Group C.The bone biomechanics (left femur head (265.914 ±52.773) N,L4(369.671 ±94.919) N),BMD(left femur (0.238 ±0.016) g/cm2,L4(0.236 ±0.016) g/cm2)and bone histomorphology ( (66.230 ± 10.848) ％ ) in Group C reduced clearly as compared with Group A ((405.343±55.410) N,(750.870±53.718) N,(0.294±0.017) g/cm2,(0.302±0.023) g/cm2,( 131.500 ± 21.846) ％ ) ( t ≥4.550,all P ＜ 0.01 ).Radionuclide bone scan also showed that the uptake of tracers was higher by the main arthrosis in Group C than that in Group A.Vertebra was not clearly visualized on bone scan image.There were significant differences between Group A and Group C in serum BALP and P ((45.000±7.303) vs (12.485 ±1.512) U/L,(0.168±0.018) vs (0.115 ±0.017) μg/L,t =4.126,5.476,both P ＜ 0.01 ),which indicated that the animal osteoporosis model was available.The pathological results showed an improved recovery of bone structure and trabecular in Groups E and G,but a worse recovery in Group F.Biomechanics result in Groups E and G (left femur head (386.457 ±77.077) N and (432.771 ± 17.525) N,L4(649.550 ± 126.859) N and (655.443 ±76.555) N) improved apparently,which were similar to Group B.The radiotracer uptake in Group F was lower than that in group D.The bone biomechanics,bone histomorphology,BMD,serum BALP and P after the treatment showed significant differences in Groups E,F and G (F:8.556 - 31.608,all P＜0.01 ),and the bone biomechanics result in Group G was a little better than that in Group E (t =2.625,P ＜ 0.05 ).The results of Group G and E were considered as excellent,and Group F was considered as effective.Conclusions The treatment of 99Tc-MDP combined with GuKangLing could improve the bone biomechanics of rabbit osteoporosis models and may be a potential method to increase the bone strength for resisting external force.

OBJECTIVETo scan for mutations of polycystic kidney disease 1 gene (PKD1) in Chinese population in order to find some features about Chinese patients and a better approach to detect mutations.

METHODSTwenty-five PKD-affected individuals from twenty-one unrelated genealogies and sixteen controls participated in the study. Thirty-five blood samples and six tissues were obtained after receiving informed consent and were in accordance with institutional ethical guidelines. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood using standard procedures. PCR amplification of genomic DNA was performed to generate the aimed fragments. Amplified fragments were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A GC clamp was attached to the 5' primer. After that, the abnormal fragments were sequenced on freshly amplified specific PCR products with the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method. Sequencing was performed for all samples to evaluate DGGE.

RESULTSAimed fragments of exons 44 and 45 were amplified. DGGE detected eleven abnormal PCR fragments. Two novel mutations were identified by sequencing, included one nonsense mutation (C12217T) and one frameshift (12431delCT). In addition, one polymorphism (A50747C) was identified. The mutation detection rate is 8% in our study.

CONCLUSIONTwo novel pathogenic mutations were detected, including one nonsense mutation (C12217T) and one frameshift (12431delCT).

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Codon, Nonsense ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; genetics ; Family Health ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteins ; genetics ; TRPP Cation Channels

OBJECTIVETo observe the distribution of epidermal stem cell (ESC) after soft tissue expansion, and to explore dynamic change in ESC under mechanical stress and kinetic mechanism of skin expansion.

METHODSSkin samples were collected from patients after expansion of the scalp. They were divided into three groups: A group (scalp harvested 3 cm away from the center of dilator), B group (scalp tissues at the edge of dilator), and control group (scalp without dilatation). The tissue structures were observed with optical microscope with HE staining. The distribution and differentiation characteristics of cell keratin 19 (CK19) positive cells were observed with inverted phase contrast microscope after immunohistochemistry staining.

RESULTSHE staining showed that the epidermis was thickened and distributed densely with uneven, rugged and increased layers in A, B groups. With immunohistochemistry staining, CK19 positive cells appeared in multilayers in basal membrane, a few of them were in cluster or dispersed , with" hollowing" structure formation. These phenomena were not seen in control group.

CONCLUSIONESC can proliferate with abnormal distribution and "hollowing" structure formation after mechanical dilatation, which may be related to dynamic changes in basal layer cells.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Proliferation ; Cellular Structures ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Keratin-19 ; metabolism ; Male ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tissue Expansion ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo develop an epiphyseal slide-traction plate in child, which can supply the fracture a sufficient internal fixation, and will not restrain the growth of epiphyses. Animal experiments were carried out with the plates to compare the slide-traction with traditional plate.

METHODSDevelop a slide-traction plate for the configuration of the femur condylus of children. Thirty adolescent goats in the experiment were divided into control group (12 goats) and plate group (18 goats). In plate group, right femurs of goats were fixed with common plates and the left femurs with slide-traction plates. All the goats were given X-ray examination at different time after surgery. And the goats were sacrificed at 3 and 6 month, histological method and electron microscopy were performed to evaluate the development of epiphyseal plate.

RESULTSThe both femurs of the goats in control group have no difference in evidence in length at all time we examined. And the both femurs of the goats fixed with plates have no difference in evidence in length at 1 day after surgery. However, the both femurs of the goats fixed with plates have difference in evidence in length at 1 month, 2 month, 3 month, 6 month after surgery. The increased length of the femurs at I month, 2 month, 3 month, 6 month after surgery was also compared with the length at 1 day after surgery, there was difference in evidence between the right femurs of the control group and the femurs were fixed with common plates, but no difference in evidence between the left femurs of the normal control group and the femurs were fixed with slide-traction plate (P > 0.05). More thicker epiphyseal plate were found in the left femurs than the right femurs of the group fixed with plates at 3 and 6 month after surgery (P < 0.01). In the plate group, safranine O staining showed epiphyseal plates at the left femurs had more fuscous staining than the right femurs at 3 and 6 month after surgery and electron microscopy also found that the cells of the epiphyseal plates of left femurs were more eugenic than the right femurs at 3 and 6 month after surgery.

CONCLUSIONThe epiphyseal slide-traction plate can slide with the growth of epiphyses, which is suitable for fixation of the fracture in this part.

Animals ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Femur ; cytology ; diagnostic imaging ; growth & development ; surgery ; Goats ; Growth Plate ; cytology ; diagnostic imaging ; growth & development ; surgery ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Radiography ; Traction