Objective To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Hypericum perforatum L.. Methods The concentration and volume of alcohol, extraction time and frequency were systematically studied by the total flavonoids as the marker. Results The more effective way to extract total flavones was extraction with 8 times amount of 70% alcohol under reflux for 3 times and 2 h for each time. Conclusion This method obtains more effective components. It is stable and reliable.

Diagnostic Errors ; Hoarseness ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; diagnosis

Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Teratoma ; diagnosis ; surgery

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bursitis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Nasopharyngitis ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Nasopharynx ; microbiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Bronchi ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Trachea ; surgery ; Video-Assisted Surgery

Atherosclerosis ; Humans ; Urotensins

Objective To investigate the changes of 4 histamine receptors (H1R, H2R, H2R and H4 R)in interstitial cystitis on animal experimental models. Methods Thirty female SD rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into 2 groups as follows: 20 in experimental group and 10 in control group. The experimental group was filled with protamine sulfate+ potassium chloride to create interstitial cystitis model, the control group was sacrificed directly. At the end of the experiment, the bladders of all these SD rats were studied by the immunohistochemistry staining and the value of their mean absorbance (-A) was calculated by IPP4.5 image analysis software. The SPSS 11.5 was used to analyze the differences between the groups. Results Four kinds of histamine receptors mainly expressed in the bladder epithelium. In the experimental group, the (-A) of H1 R was 0. 054±0.031, the of H2R was 0.032±0.021, the (-A) of H3R was 0.047±0.033 and the (-A) of H4R was 0. 149±0. 191,respectively. In the control group, the A of H1R was 0. 017±0. 011, the (-A) of H2R was 0. 018±0. 015, the (-A) of H3R was 0. 014±0. 011, the (-A) of H4R was 0. 060±0.039, respectively. In contrast,the A of H1 R, H2 R and H3R in experimental group was increased significantly(P＜0.05); there was no significant change in (-A) of H4R expression(P＞0.05). Conclusions H1, H2 and H3 receptors in rat model interstitial cystitis bladder epithelium have increased and it indicates H1 R, H2R and H3R may be related to interstitial cystitis. H3 R may be a new treatment target of interstitial cystitis.

Objective To study the effects of Liang-Xue-Yu-Chang decoction on intestinal epithelium of rats with radiation enteritis.Methods Sixty male SD rats were divided into three groups randomly:normal rats as control,abdominal radiation control group given distilled water after 10 Gy radiation,and abdominal radiation plus drug group given Liang-Xue-Yu-Chang decoction after 10 Gy radiation.Drugs or distilled water were chronically administered to animals for 7 days.After that,5-bromodexyridine (BrdU) was injected into abdominal cavity,SP immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate intestinal epithelium proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the positive cells labeled with Ki67 and BrdU.Results The number of intestinal epithelium cells with PCNA expression,positive Ki67 and BrdU were 22.0 + 2.7,71.2 + 5.7,and 26.2 + 5.9 respectively in the drug treatment group,significantly higher than those in the abdominal radiation control group (11.2 + 1.9,61.6 ± 5.5,and 11.3 ± 2.2) (t =14.629,5.420,11.582,P ＜ 0.05),but lower than those in the normal control group (30.4±5.7,86.6 ±5.1,and 32.3 ±3.2)(t =14.291,9.004,4.731,P＜0.05).Conclusion Liang-Xue-Yu-Chang decoction could improve the proliferation of intestinal epithelium in the rats with radiation enteritis.

To explore a new strategy for further optimization to the C-3 bioisteric heterocyclic ring of fluoroquinolones,twelve novel fluoroquinolone C-3 s-triazole Schiff-base carboxylic acid derivatives(7a-71) were designed and synthesized with both functionalized sulfanylacetic acid and Schiff-base moieties as the modified side-chain for the C-3 bioisosteric s-triazole ring of pefloxacin(1).The structures were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral data,and the in vitro anti-tumor activity of the title compounds against SMMC-7721,L1210 and HL60 cell lines was evaluated.The preliminary pharmacological results demonstrated that the title compounds possessed more significantly anti-proliferative activity than either the parent 1 or the corresponding amine intermediates(6).In particular,the title compound bearing a fluorine atom (7j) and compound bearing a nitro group attached to benzene ring (71) were comparable to the control doxorubicin against SMMC-7721 cells with an IC50 value of micro-molar concentration,respectively.It suggests that s-triazole ring modified with functional side-chain moieties instead of the C-3 carboxylic group is favorable to the improvement of antitumor activity.