Objective To compare the changes of detrusor physiological properties between the models of detrusor instability caused by neurogenic, obstructive and idiopathic factors. Methods Eighty female SD rats were enrolled in our study, including 17 rats of idiopathic detrusor instability (IDI), 33 for bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) by partial ligation of bladder outflow tract, 20 spinal cord injury (SCI) by transection of spinal cord at L1-2, 10 as normal control. Six weeks after insult, the change of detrusor excitability, autorhythmicity and contractility were examined by means of cystometry and the in vitro detrusor strip study. Results The occurrence rate of detrusor instability in BOO rats, SCI rats and IDI rats was 75.9%, 100% and 21.3%. The rats in three DI groups increased more significantly in excitability, autorhythmicity and contractility than control rats (P0.05). Conclusion Different types of DI have similarity in the detrusor myogenic changes, while the increase in spontaneous excitability of detrusor strip seems to be more important than others factors in the mechanism of DI.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of combined application of survivin antisense nucleic acid and taxol in subcutaneous xenograft mouse model of Balb/c and to preliminarily investigate the mechanism of the anticancer effects.Methods The model of subcutaneous tumor was established by hypodermic injection of C26 cells into Bal b/c mice.The mice were then randomly divided into five groups through the internal tumor injection:the blank group (C),lipo2000 group (L),paclitaxel group (T),survivin antisense nucleic acid group (A),and survivin antisense nucleic acid combined with paclitaxel group (A+T).We observed tumor growth,determined cell apoptosis by TUNEL method,and detected the expression of survivin by Western blot.Results ① All treatment groups had T/C<60%,which was significantly different from that of group L (P <0.05);the intervention was proved effective in vivo .The tumor inhibition rate of mice tumor weight showed that there were significantly curative effects in groups T,A and A+ T compared with that in group C (P < 0.05 ).The antitumor activity of paclitaxel (tumor inhibition rate of 21.82%±0.84%)could be improved by more than 59% through combination therapy (tumor inhibition rate of 54.1 6% ± 0.32%)concerning inhibition of tumor weight growth.② TUNEL method detected apoptotic cells:The tumor cells hardly had apoptosis in the blank group while T group and A group had a certain number of apoptotic cells.The experiment results suggested that PTX could promote tumor cell apoptosis,and that not only A+T strengthened the effect in killing tumor cells,but also the synergy of both could influence tumor resistance and ultimately make the effect in promoting tumor cell apoptosis conspicuous.③ The expression of survivin protein:The results showed that the expression of survivin protein in group A + T was obviously decreased without the expression of β-actin affected;it did not change significantly in group C compared with group L.The ratio of the A-value in groups T,A and A+T was 0.895 ±0.01 1,0.704 ±0.121 and 0.345 ± 0.01 9,respectively.Analysis of variance t-test showed that the expression level in group A+T obviously differed from that in groups C,L,A and T (P <0.05).Conclusion The combined therapy of survivin antisense nucleic acid and taxol can promote tumor cell apoptosis by downregulating the expression of survivin protein,reduce the body’s resistance to drugs and create synergetic effects.

Patrolling monocyte (PMo) is a subset of monocytes.Its main function is patrolling vascular endothelium and removing cellular debris from the microvasculature.Studies have revealed that PMo can inhibit the growth of tumor cells,recruiting NK cells to kill tumor cells.PMo can prevent tumor cells metastasis to the lung,which plays a role of immunosurveillance.PMo may be a target for cancer immunotherapy.

This paper reviewed the emergence process of the subject and methodology of Chinese Medicines' Authentication. Based on the research progress and major achievements acquired in research of each methodology including identification of origin, description, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological characteristics of Chinese medicines, it is expounded that the development process of each methodology combined modem digital technology, information science and its own characteristics. And the development direction is further described for methodology of Chinese Medicines' Authentication towards systematization and informationization.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; history ; methods ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; pharmacology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Quality Control

Objective To research the endometrial receptivity by established the endometriosis rat model in intimal window period.Methods The autologous endometrial tissues of 22 sexually mature SD rats were transplanted into the homonymy abdomi-nal wall and offside uterine mesometrium.After four weeks,we randomly dissected two rats and observed the growth of etopic en-dometrium.The EMs rats were mated with male rats in the same cage and vaginal plug was observed in the next day.The histomor-phology of eutopic and ectopic endometrial was observed in the fifth day of pregnancy.Results Ectopic endometrium was grown in the abdominal wall and mesometrium,which formed a small bulge cystic mass in 20 rats.All foci was showed adhesion to the sur-rounding tissues in a different extent.In the light microscope,the morphology of ectopic endometrial was as the same as nomal en-dometrium.The establishment of the endometriosis rat mode is successful.Vaginal plug was positive the next day.Nonoperative side uterine was full of fluid in the fifth day of pregnancy.Eutopic and ectopic endometrium were in the secretory phase..Conclusion It is a successful method to establish a rat model of endometriosis by autotransplantion of endometrium.The endometrium of EMs model rats is in embryo implantation window period,and it provides a convenient model for studying endometrial receptivity.

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is one of common complications in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It is of great value for improvement in the HSCT outcome to describe the clinical characteristics of HC and risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of HC in children after HSCT, and to analyze its clinical characteristics and risk factors.DESIGN: Case analysis SETTING: Center of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.PARTICIPANTS: Experiments were performed at the Center of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics of Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 1998 to June 2004. Eighty-eight patients receiving umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) were enrolled; 49 were males and 39 were females. The age ranged from 2 to 18 years with an average of 8.0 years. Guardians of child patients signed informed consents. The experimental procedures were approved by Medical Ethics Committee.METHODS: ①Conditioning regimens included combination of cyclophosphamide (CY, 120-200 mg/kg) with busulphan (BU, 14-20 mg/kg)-based chemotherapy and combination of CY with total body irradiation (TBI, 2-8 Gy) or total lymphoid irradiation (TLI, 2-8 Gy)-based radiotherapy. ②HC was defined according to the criteria proposed by references 7 and 8. The incidence, clinical characteristics, laboratory examination, treatment and outcome for HC were described. The association of various clinical factors including age, gender, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) typing, diseases for transplant, the type of stem cell, the type of transplantation, the occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection with the development of HC were examined.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Incidence of HC, ②HC patient characteristics and laboratory examination, ③HC treatment and outcome, and ④risk factors analysis. RESULTS: All 88 patients were included in the final analysis. ①The incidence of HC: 16 patients (18.2%, 16/88) developed HC post-transplant with the severity graded as mild in 11 cases (68.7%) and severe in 5 cases (31.3%). ②HC patient characteristics and laboratory examination: All had hematuria and 8 cases (50.0%) had typical pollakisuria, urinary urgency, odynuria and gross hematuria; 10 cases (62.5%) had gross hematuria and 11 had proteinuria (+ to +++); Leucocytes were detected in 7 cases. ③Treatment and outcome: All patients recovered at a median of 13.5 days (range 2-53 days). ④Risk factors analysis: The incidence of HC was significantly higher in the group of ≥ 6 years old, presence of aGVHD and development of cytomegalo-virus (CMV) infection (P < 0.05-0.01). CONCLUSION: ①HC has its own clinical characteristics following HSCT in children but with good prognosis. ②The risk factors for HC are ≥ 6 years old, presence of aGVHD and CMV infection.

Objective To explore the training model of nurse specialists in geriatric and study its practical effect. Methods Forty-two nurse specialist participating in the training courses in geriatrics were enrolled in the study. The training was divided into 2 stages: the first one was for 1 month theoretical study together with 2 months clinical practice; the second was for 9 months clinical research on a specific topic. The examinations were done both at the two stages. They were interviewed on their views on theoretical study and internship at the end of first stage. Results The degree of satisfaction with the theoretical course was 91.6%, and the satisfaction degree of internship was 92.9%. The average scores at the end of the final examination and graduation examination were more than 85 points. Toally they were funded with 4 muncipal scientific research programs and 3 municipal patents, and published 9 academic papers. Conclusions The standardized training model is accessible for the nursing because of the training content and form. This model is feasible and effective, and it is worth applying and popularizing in the training of nurse specialist in the future.

Objective To explore the effect of competency based education (CBE) in the nursing training of GNS (gerontological nurse specialist).Method The CBE was used in the nursing training of GNS and the differences in knowledge and nursing skills,ability in nursing training,and aiblity in organization and scienticific research.Result After the training,the GSN was above 80 in knowledge and skills,ability in nursing training,ability in organization and scientific research and self-assessment better than that before training (P＜0.05).Conclusion The CBE for the nursing training can upgrade the abilities in the GSN in the aspects of knowledge and skills,nursing training,organization and scientific research so that they become more competent in the gerontological nursing.

Objective To investigate the pathogen spectrum and analyze the associated risk factors of pulmonary moniliasis in the patients with liver failure.Methods A retrospective analysis of pulmonary moniliasis complicating liver failure(n=150) was performed by case-control study on the data of patients admitted to PLA 302 Hospital from Jan.1986 to Nov.2007.A cohort of 154 patients with liver failure but without fungi infection(n=154) served as the control group.By analyzing the epidemiological and clinical data,the spectrum of fungi was identified,and the risk factors in pulmonary moniliasis pneumonia inpatients with liver failure were identified.Results The number of patients with acute on chronic liver failure(69/150,46.0%) were greater than patients with chronic liver failure(78/150,52.0%),while the number of patients suffering from moniliasis pneumonia was smaller than that of control group(20/154,13.0% and 129/154,83.8%,respectively,P

. Conclusions Two multiplex RT-PCR assays show high consistency with common RT-PCR. The multiplex RT-PCR assays were initially established.