Objective To identify whether the branches of cervical nerve roots joined into the accessory nerve trunk or not.Methods In 10 adult cadavers (7 males and 3 females, including 20 laterals of brachial plexus nerves), we observe source of cervical plexus branches to the accessory nerve anatomically.In 10 clinical cases of males with brachial plexus nerve injures, in the supraclavicular approach of brachial plexus exploration, the part of the supraclavicular cutaneous nerve for histological specimen were cut off;in the posterior approach, electrical stimulation of the trunk and branches of cervical plexus were performed to observed istaltrapezius muscle contraction.After accessory nerve transfer, the residual terminal accessory nerve and branch of cervical plexus were taked for histological specimens;and observed and judged of each nerve sample by acetylcholinesterase (AchE) immunohistochemical staining.Results In 10 of 20 lateral cases, cervical plexus communicating branches were derived from the fourth cervical nerve root.The intraoperative electrical stimulation of the accessory nerve trunk, 10 cases of distal trapezius muscle were significantly shrink;electrical stimulation of the cervical plexus branch, 2 cases after stimulation of the mild distal trapezius contraction, the remaining 8 cases without trapezius muscle contraction.10 cases of supraclavicular nerve staining for AchE were negative, 10 cases of accessory nerve terminal branches of AchE staining were mixed,10 cases of branch AchE cervical plexus to the accessory nerve staining were negative.Conclusion The branches of the fourth cervical nerve root constantly joins into the accessory nerve, participating in the trapezius muscle inner vation, the fibers of the branches are sensorial fibers.

Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the distribution of CD3+T lymphocyte in the tissue of bladder cancer and epithelium of paracancer area, and analyze the significance. Methods Biopsy was performed in 28 patients with bladder cancer, and the distribution and number of CD3+T lymphocyte in tissue of bladder cancer and epithelium of paracancer area were observed and compared using immunohistochemistry. Results Many of CD3+T lymphocytes could be observed in the epithelium of paracancer tissues, but CD3+T lymphocytes in cancer nests was few. The average number of CD3+T lymphocytes in every 5 typical microscope visual fields of paracancer tissues and cancer nests was 15 ±4.5 and 4 ±2.2, respectively, and the difference was significant ( <0.05) . Conclusion Distribution of CD3+T lymphocytes in bladder cancer nests and paracancer tissues was different, which may be related to the immune escape and prognosis of bladder cancer. It is worthy of further research.

Objective To identify the reliable reference genes for gene expression analysis of the pericarp and seed of Amomum villosum Lour. by using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qRT-PCR). Methods Using the fruits ( separated into peels and seeds) of A. villosum at three different developmental periods as the experimental material, 5 candidate reference genes (β-actin, EF-1α, GAPDH, PGK, TUA) with steady expression were screened out by the high throughout sequencing of transcriptome and expression profile data. The qRT-PCR technique was applied to study the expression levels of 5 candidate reference genes in different samples. The stability of the candidate reference genes were evaluated by GeNorm and NormFinder software. Results The 5 reference genes had different stabilities in the pericarp and seed of A. villosum Lour. at different development periods . The order of the steadiness of reference genes showed by GeNorm was EF-1α = TUA>PGK>GAPDH>β-actin. The results of NormFinder revealed that EF-1α was the most stable, followed by TUA, and the order of the other three genes was as same as the results of GeNorm. Conclusion EF-1αand TUA could be used as double reference genes for the normalization of gene expression in A. villosum fruits at different developmental periods by using qRT-PCR.

Objective To investigate the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on surgery and prognosis in patients with stage Ⅲ gastric cancer.Methods The 90 cases staging Ⅲ gastric cancer were randomly divided into neoadjuvant chemotherapy group and surgery group.Both surgical complications and prognosis were compared.Results The overall effective rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 53％ (24/45),disease control rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 91％ (41/45).Blood loss (t =4.102,P =0.037),local adhesions surgery (x2 =19.756,P =0.000),local tissue necrosis (x2 =13.512,P =0.000),tissue fragility (x2 =12.870,P =0.000) number of cases found in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group were higher than surgery group,and the data were statistically significant.There were no statistically significance between two groups about operation time (t =2.391,P =0.129),tissue congestion (x2 =0.865,P =0.352),postoperative bleeding(x2 =0.720,P =0.396),postoperative fistula (x2 =1.047,P =0.306).The survival time of neoadjuvant chemotherapy group was longer than surgery group,but it was not statistically significant(t =1.086,P =0.372).Conclusions Neoadjuvant chemotherapy could reduce the stage of the gastric cancer and increase the complexity of surgery.Thus preoperative evaluation should be prepared before the surgery.

This study was aimed to reveal the effects and molecular regulation mechanism of methyl jasmonate (Me-JA) on volatile terpenoids from Amomum villosum Lour. After the leaves and fruits of A momum villosum Lour. were treated with different concentrations of MeJA, the volatile terpenoids of fresh fruits from A . villosum Lour. were ex-tracted with microwave method and analyzed by GC-MS. Then, leaves and fruits treated with MeJA were sequenced by Illumina. The transcriptome data was analyzed by bioinformatic methods. The results showed that there were 20 and 33 volatile terpenoids detected in peels and seed groups, respectively. Contents of volatile terpenoids in peels and seed groups were both improved after 600 μmol·L-1 MeJA treating fruits for 24 h, such as bornyl acetate, cam-phor, borneol, and etc. While 200 μmol·L-1 MeJA treating different parts for 24 h can regulate the biosynthesis of some volatile terpenoids in peels differently. And 200 μmol·L-1 MeJA treating fruits can improve the content of ma-jor volatile terpenoids in seed groups. A total of 68 168 unigenes were obtained with de novo assembly, and 48 627 unigenes were annotated after comparison with public protein databases. Analysis of functional annotation against KEGG database showed that there were 208 unigenes closely related with metabolism of volatile terpenoids and 22 u-nigenes related with MYC2 transcription factors. It was concluded that MeJA can effectively regulate the metabolism of volatile terpenoids from A . villosum Lour. There were a lot of candidate genes related with the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids obtained by analyzing the transcriptome data which also provided a large amount of data for the discovery and regulation of functional genes related with the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids from A . villosum Lour.

Objective To study the effect of topiramate(TPM) on serum level of leptin and the expression of neuropeptide Y(NPY) in arcuate nucleus and their relationship with weight changes in pentetruzole-induced epileptic rats,and to explore the mechanism that TPM could reduce the weight.Methods One hundred and fifteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:blank control group,TPM contrast group,pentylenetetrazol(PTZ) model group,and TPM group.Weight changes were measured every 3 days.Serum leptin level was detected with rodioimmunity method and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus NPY expression was measured by immunohistochemical ABC technique at the 2~(nd),4~(th),6~(th) weekend,respectively.Results In TPM control group and TPM group weight loss appeared in the 4~(th) week compared with other groups at the 3~(rd) weekend and fell to the lowest at 4~(th) weekend(P

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of preoperative regional intra-arterial chemoembolization combined with systemic vein chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer.Methods The clinical data of 78 locally advanced gastric cancer patients treated by radical D2 gastretomy from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were devided into treatment group receiving regional intra-arterial chemoembolization combined with systemic vein chemotherapy (n =36),and those with preoperative systemic vein chemotherapy (n =42) 3 to 4 weeks before surgery.Systemic chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6 was started after 5 weeks of surgery in the two groups.Results The incidence of toxicity reaction and postoperative anastomotic leakage were lower in treatment group than in control group,all P ＜ 0.05.The 1-year recurrence and overall survival rate were similar between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The 3-year liver metastasis rate was higher in treatment group than in control group (x2 =4.063,P ＜ 0.05).The 3-year survival rate was higher than that of the control group(x2 =4.396,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Preoperative systemic vein chemotherapy combined with regional intra-arterial chemoembolization decreases toxicity reaction,anastomotic leakage and liver metastasis,while prolonging 3-year overall survival.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of 2D and 3D laparoscopic radical prostectomy and summarize surgical experience of laparoscopic radical prostectomy of early prostate cancer.MethodsThe clinical data of 34 cases of prostate cancer treated in our institute from November 2015 to April 2016 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The patients in observation group (11 cases) were treated by 3D laparoscopic radical prostectomy, while those in control group (23 cases) were given 2D laparoscopic radical prostectomy. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative drainage time, quantity of drainage fluid within 24 hours postoperatively, indwelling catheter time, hospital time, positive surgical margin rate, potence rate, 30d-urinary continence rate and complications were compared between the two groups.Results All operations were successfully performed. There were no signiifcant differences in operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative drainage time, quantity of drainage lfuid within 24 hours postoperatively, indwelling catheter time, hospital time, positive surgical margin rate, potence rate, 30d-urinary continence rate and complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). In observation group, the operation time was (153.52 ± 30.47) min and the potence rate was 50.0 %, 4 cases with uroclepsia (36.4 %), 1 case with urine leakage (9.1 %), no patient had urethral stricture or positive surgical margin, the 30d-urinary continence rate was 72.7 %. In control group, the operation time was (164.73 ± 28.65) min and the potence rate was 38.9 %, 13 cases with uroclepsia (56.5 %), 4 cases with urine leakage (17.4 %), 1 case with urethral stricture (4.3 %), 2 cases with positive surgical margin (8.7 %), 30d-urinary continence rate was 60.9 %.ConclusionLaparoscopic radical prostectomy is a safe, effective and less invasive method for treating early prostate cancer patients. Also 3D laparoscopic radical prostectomy play the similar functional results compared with 2D laparoscopic radical prostectomy, but 3D laparoscopic has the advantage in three dimensions space sense and accurate operation, it is worthy of promoting clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the intervention and mechanism of ambroxol combined with low-dose heparin on oxidative stress, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in rabbits with acute lung injury (ALI).

METHODSTwenty-four healthy Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: (1) Normal saline control group (NC), (2) Oleic acid injury group (OA), (3) Ambroxol + low-dose heparin therapy group (AH). After the success of ALI model, AH group was injected ambroxol + low-dose heparin, while the NC group and OA group were injected the same dose of normal saline by the same method. Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) at different time points were determined. The pathological manifestation of both side lungs was observed at the end of expeiment. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue homogenate were tested. The apoptosis index was detected. The lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio was calculated. The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed by light microscopy, and the ultrastructural changes of lung tissue were observed by electron microscopy.

RESULTS(1) The instructive injury induced by ALI observed under electron microscope and light microscope and W/D was decreased significantly in AH group. (2) PaO2 was improved significantly in AH group, compared with that in OA group (P < 0.01). (3) The activity of GSH-Px and SOD in AH group increased significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) but the activity of XO and the content of MDA decreased significantly (P < 0.01), compared with those in OA group. (4) Except the content of IL-1beta in serum before treatment, the content of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in serum, BALF, lung tissue homogenate of OA group increased significantly (P < 0.01), and those were obviously improved in AH group. (5) Apoptosis index (AI) in AH group decreased significantly (P < 0.01) compared with that in OA group.

CONCLUSIONIn ALI induced by OA, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha increases significantly and involved in the occurrence and development of ALI. Ambroxol combined with low-dose heparin can reduce lung cells oxidative stress to inhibit the release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, which play a role in the treatment of ALI.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Ambroxol ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Heparin ; administration & dosage ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Male ; Oleic Acids ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rabbits ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo obtain peptides binding specifically to Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) from a phage-displayed random peptide library.

METHODS(1) A phage-displayed random hexapeptide library was screened with PSA as target. (2) Dot blot was used to analyze the influence of the alpha-Met-D-mannoside on binding between PSA and phage-displayed peptides. (3) Three peptides (RMWSF, RYDYSY, LRLRQL) were selectively synthesized, and different concentrations were used to inhibit PSA and ConA binding to the HRP.

RESULTSThe enrichment occurred obviously after three rounds of screening. The insert sequences of amino acids, displayed on 22 phage DNAs from the third round of screening, were divided into three groups. The binding of phage-displayed peptides to PSA was specific as shown by dot blot and could be inhibited by alpha-Met-D-mannoside. LRLRQL was not dissolved in water. ARMWSF and RYDYSY inhibited binding of PSA to HRP, but failed to inhibit binding ConA to HRP.

CONCLUSIONThe binding site of peptides ARMWSF and RYDYSY is different to that of alpha-Met-D-mannoside.

Binding Sites ; Peptide Library ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Plant Lectins ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Proteins ; metabolism