Objective To investigate the correlation between uric acid level and macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods Sixty type 2 diabetic patients with lower limb atherosclerosis of carotid artery were randomly selected in study group who hospitalized in the First Hospital of Zibo from Mar.to Feb.2012.Sixty type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) without carotid and lower limb athemsclerosis were served as control group.The blood pressure,blood lipid,blood glucose and other biochemical indexes,including blood uric acid,serum insulin (FNS),fasting blood glucose (FPG),apolipoprotein a (LP (a)),apolipoprotein A1,B (APO-A1,APO-B),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipopmtein cholesterol (LDL-C),triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were measured and determined.Results There was no significant difference in terms of blood pressure,blood lipid levels,APO-A1,APO-B,HbA1C,FNS and FPG in study group patiems (P ＞ 0.05).The level LP(a) in study group was (0.4 ± 0.2) g/L,significantly higher than that in control group ((0.2 ± 0.2) g/L; t =3.842,P ＜ 0.01).The blood uric acid level in study group was (362.3 ± 112.8)mmol/L,significantly higher than that of the control group((284.8 ±68.6)mmol/L;t =3.188,P＜0.01).Conclusion Uric acid and LP(a) are involved in the oocurrence and development of athemsclemsis,which is close related to the development of type 2 diabetic macmangiopathy.Therefore,in the process of preventing type 2 diabetes with macroangiopathy,we should pay attention to uric acid and LP (a) of the patient beside effective control of blood glucose,blood pressure,blood lipid level.

The hypertension is one of chronic vascular diseases, which often implicates multiple tissues causing stroke, cardiac hypertrophy, and renal failure. A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammatory mechanisms are important participants in the pathophysiology of hypertension. In this study, the inflammatory status of these tissues (kidney, liver, heart, and brain) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was analyzed and its molecular mechanism was explored. The tissues were dissected from SHR and age-matched control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats to investigate the abundance of inflammation-related mediators (IL-1beta, TNFalpha, ICAM-1, iNOS, C/EBPdelta and PPARgamma). mRNA levels were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and protein expression was evaluated by Western blot. To evaluate the oxidative stress of tissues, carbonyl protein content and total antioxidant capacity of tissues were detected by spectrophotometry and ferric reduction ability power (FRAP) method. The results suggest that: (1) Expressions of inflammation-related mediators (IL-1beta, TNFalpha, ICAM-1, iNOS, C/EBPdelta and PPARgamma) in SHR were higher compared with those in WKY rats except no evident increase of IL-1beta mRNA in liver and brain in SHR. (2) Tissues in SHR contained obviously increased carbonyl protein (nmol/mg protein) compared to that in WKY rats (8.93+/-1.08 vs 2.27+/-0.43 for kidney, 2.23+/-0.23 vs 0.17+/-0.02 for heart, 13.42+/-1.10 vs 5.72+/-1.01 for brain, respectively, P<0.05). However, no evident difference in the amount of carbonyl protein in liver was detected between SHR and WKY rats. (3) Total antioxidant capacities of kidney, liver, heart and brain were markedly lower in SHR than that in WKY rats (P<0.05). Thus, the present data reveal a higher inflammatory status in the important tissues in SHR and indicate that inflammation might play a potential role in pathogenesis of hypertension and secondary organ complications.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cytokines ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hypertension ; pathology ; Inflammation ; pathology ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; immunology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to search for a perfect treatment for the complications after polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for augmentation mammaplasty.

METHODS48 patients who accepted polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for augmentation mammaplasty were included in this study. Operations were performed for the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection. The clinical data were analyzed and the experience in the treatment of the complications was summarized.

RESULTSAll patients were satisfied with the result of the operation. The B-ultrasonic examination showed that no visible polyacrylamide hydrogel remained in the cavity.

CONCLUSIONThe best therapy for the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection was removing of the polyacrylamide hydrogel and the pathologic tissue and irrigation of the cavity.

Acrylic Resins ; administration & dosage ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Infection ; etiology ; surgery ; Injections ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; methods ; Pain ; etiology ; surgery ; Postoperative Care ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; surgery ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; standards ; Treatment Outcome

Persistent Muellerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare form of male pseudohermaphrodism without the feature of ambiguous genitalia. We present a case of PMDS with transverse testicular ectopia (TTE).
Abnormalities, Multiple ; Adult ; Disorders of Sex Development ; pathology ; surgery ; Hernia, Inguinal ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Mullerian Ducts ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Testicular Hydrocele ; surgery ; Testis ; abnormalities ; surgery

Cerebral Palsy ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; diagnosis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo construct a function model that can be used in the diagnosis bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia, and to develop a diagram allowing the judgement of bladder outlet for patients with different detrusor contractility, especially with impaired one.

METHODSUrodynamic and clinical data of 131 men were analyzed retrospectively. By Logistic analysis, a function model was constructed. Based on the model, a diagram allowing the evaluation of bladder outlet was drawn. The cutoff point for diagnosing BOO with the function model and the curve was confirmed by ROC curve analysis.

RESULTSThe function model (BOOI) was obtained by the formula 5.03 x residual fraction + 0.04 x PdetatQmax - 0.20 x Qmax - 0.91 + alpha (alpha = 0 for those with low pressure-low flow on P-FS, alpha = 1.42 for high pressure-low flow, alpha = -7.30 for high pressure-high flow). The cutoff point for BOOI diagnosing BOO was 0.36. When validated, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 85.7%, 91.7%, 96.0% and 73.3% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe BOOI, with an easy calculation mode, could predict the probability of BOO. The sensitivity and specificity of the criterion for the diagnosis of BOO were satisfactory. The curve we drew could help to differentiate the obstructed men with low pressure-low flow and thus benefit them by surgical relief of their obstruction.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Urodynamics

BACKGROUNDThe chronic pathological changes in vascular walls of hypertension may exert destructive effects on multiple organ systems. Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammatory reactions are involved in the pathological changes of hypertension. Three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been identified: PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PPARgamma, all of which have multiple biological effects, especially the inhibition of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate PPAR isoforms expression profile in important organs of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to understand the modulation of endogenous PPAR isoforms under inflammatory condition.

METHODSTissues (kidney, liver, heart, and brain) were dissected from SHR and age-matched control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) to investigate the abundance of PPAR isoforms and PPAR-responsive genes (acyl-CoA oxidase and CD36). The expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (C/EBPdelta), which can trans-activate PPARgamma expression, was also observed. The inflammatory response was analyzed by the expression of inflammatory mediators inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and formation of carbonyl and nitrated proteins.

RESULTSThe expressions of 3 PPAR isoforms and PPAR-responsive genes were markedly upregulated in SHR compared with those of WKY. Specifically, the expression of PPARalpha protein in the kidney, liver, heart and brain increased by 130.76%, 91.48%, 306.24%, and 90.70%; PPARbeta/delta upregulated by 109.34%, 161.98%, 137.04%, and 131.66%; PPARgamma increased by 393.76%, 193.17%, 559.29%, and 591.18%. In consistent with the changes in PPARgamma, the expression of C/EBPdelta was also dramatically elevated in SHR. Inflammatory mediators expressions were significantly increased in the most organs of SHR than WKY. As a consequence, increased formation of carbonyl and nitrated proteins were also observed in the most organs of SHR.

CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest an enhanced inflammatory response in the organs of SHR, which might play a key role in pathogenesis of hypertension and secondary organ complications. Changes (increases) in PPARs expression may reflect a compensatory mechanism to the inflammatory status of hypertensive rats.

Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Blotting, Western ; E-Selectin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Hypertension ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Inflammation ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; PPAR alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; PPAR delta ; genetics ; metabolism ; PPAR gamma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plethysmography ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the preventive effect of chitosan on capsular contracture after implantation of silicone gel-filled mammary implants in rats.

METHODS18 SD female rats were divided into three groups randomly. Small silicone gel-filled mammary implants were implanted under each side of latissimus dorsi muscle. Chitosan was injected into left cavities as experimental sides, and nothing was injected into right cavities as control sides. 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperation, specimens were dissected and observed using light microscope, and area density of collagen both type I and type III were also detected.

RESULTSFibrous capsules around implants consist of two layers: dense layer and loose layer. 4 weeks postoperation, total thickness of the experimental sides was less than that of the control sides (P < 0.01). Area density of collagen either type I or type III of the experimental sides was lower than that of the control sides (P < 0.01). Both 8 and 12 weeks postoperation, total thickness of the experimental sides was less than that of the control sides (P < 0.05). Area density of collagen type I of the experimental sides was lower than that of the control sides (P < 0.05). Area density of collagen type III was of no statistical difference between the experimental sides and the control sides (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSChitosan can remarkably prevent capsule contracture during the early period after implantation of silicone gel-filled mammary implants.

Animals ; Breast Implantation ; Breast Implants ; adverse effects ; Chitosan ; therapeutic use ; Contracture ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Female ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; surgery ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Silicone Gels ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the common TCM syndrome types of fatty liver by way of epidemic questionnaire, their occurrence ratio, and the correlation between various syndrome types and objective indexes.

METHODSA total of national wide 503 subjects with fatty liver were enrolled, the TCM syndromes, body mass index (BMI), abdominal perimeter/hip circumference, liver function, blood lipids, B ultrasonic examination and CT in them were observed and recorded.

RESULTSIn the 46 symptoms investigated in total, the first ten symptoms in order of appearing rate were lassitude, obese, oral dryness, vertigo, hypochondriac distending pain, soreness and pain in loin, spiritlessness, oral bitterness, aching and weakness in knee and abdominal distention. The mostly appeared tongue figures were pale and corpulent or pale dim tongue proper, white greasy or yellow greasy tongue coating, and the mostly appeared pulse figures were taut, taut-thin and taut slippery. Statistical cluster analysis showed that syndromes of fatty liver could be typed into 4 TCM types, the asthenia Pi-Shen with Gan-stagnation type, the asthenia Pi-Shen type, the asthenia Pi with phlegm-heat type and the unclassified type. Among them the asthenia Pi-Shen with Gan-stagnation type was the commonest one, which accounted to 62.32%.

CONCLUSIONThe mostly appeared syndrome type of fatty liver was asthenia Pi-Shen with Gan-stagnation type. The TCM pathogenesis of fatty liver was deficiency of origin, mainly deficiency of Shen, involving Pi, with excess superficiality, the turbid-phlegm and blood stasis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fatty Liver ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Yang Deficiency ; epidemiology ; Yin Deficiency ; epidemiology

Monitoring the long-term radiotherapy-associated molecular changes in low-grade gliomas (LGGs) facilitates the understanding of LGG response to radiotherapy. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of Ki-67, tumor protein P53 (TP53), P21, and P27 in 8 paired WHO grade II astrocytoma samples. The interval between radiotherapy (RT) and the second surgery was more than 3 months in all cases. The average Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was 5.3% in pre-RT samples and 11.54% in post-RT samples. Ki-67 LI was higher in the primary tumors that underwent malignant transformation observed at the second surgery after radiation. Post-RT Ki-67 LI decreased in 2 cases with an interval of less than 12 months between RT and the second surgery. TP53 expression was found in 3 out of 4 pre-RT samples with malignant transformation and in 1 out of 4 pre-RT samples without malignant transformation. Post-RT TP53 increased in 2 cases in which increased expression of P21 or P27 was also observed. Our study suggests that radiotherapy can inhibit WHO grade II astrocytoma proliferation as reflected by Ki-67 LI, but the effect attenuates with time. In addition, there is a tendency of malignant transformation for WHO grade II astrocytomas with a high Ki-67 level or TP53 expression in initial samples.
Adult ; Astrocytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Cell Proliferation ; radiation effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; radiation effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism