The study evaluates the lipolysis rate and extent of type Ⅲ lipid formulations using testosterone undecanoate as a model drug after digestion with in vitro lipolysis model, and studies the digestive regularity with optical microscope and electrical conductivity. The results showed that for testosterone undecanoate type Ⅲ lipid formulations with castor oil as oil phase and Transcutol HP as latent solvent, the lipolysis rate and extent were increased with the increase of oil phase proportion and were decreased with excessive proportion of surfactant, in which can see liquid crystal phase during lipolysis process. The lipolysis rate of type ⅢB lipid preparations with different surfactant were ordered as Labrasol > Tween 80 > Cremophor EL, but the rate of type ⅢA is different in quick digestion phase and slow digestion phase. The lipolysis extent of type Ⅲ lipid formulations with different surfactant were ordered as Cremophor EL > Tween 80 > Labrasol. These may be related to the digestive effect of pancreatic lipase on different surfactants. This study implied that the lipolysis rate and extent of type Ⅲ lipid formulations are greatly influenced by the proportion of oil phase and surfactant, and the surfactant structure. These factors will affect the in vivo digestion and should be taken into account when screening type Ⅲ lipid formulations.

Objective To explore the clinical features and the management of incision of scalp pain after craniotomy. Methods 129 patients after craniotomy without postoperative neuralgia were involved. The onset, severity, and characteristics of the pain were recorded within 1 week after the craniotomy. Patients with moderate-severe pain were given oxycodone and acetaminophen (treatment group) or rotundine (control) for 3 d. Results 39.5%（51/129）of patients experienced moderate to severe postoperative pain. After treatment, 76.9% （20/26） in treatment group and 36.0% （9/25） in control were released from the pain (P<0.01). The pain intensity differences and sum of pain intensity differences were more in treatment than in control (P<0.01). Conclusion Incision of scalp pain is common after craniotomy. Oxycodone and acetaminophen, called multimodal analgesia is efficacious and safe for it.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimal time for decompression in a 24-hour lasting porcine model.Methods After baseline data were recorded,24 pigs were randomly allocated into three groups as follows:one SAP-alone group,and two SAP + ACS groups (decompression at 6 and 12 hours,respectively).We used a N2 pneumoperitoneum to increase the intra-abdominal pressure to 25 mmHg and retrograde intra-ductal infusion of sodium taurocholate to induce severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Systemic hemodynamic profiles,urine output,systemic oxygenation,and serum biochemical parameters of the animals were obtained.Results After induction of ACS,the hemodynamics and oxygenation of the study animals deteriorated significantly.The survival time of the 12-hour group was significantly shortened (P =0.008 vs.6 hours).Early decompression (6 h) restored systemic hemodynamics,oxygenation,organ function,and inflammatory intensity to a level comparable to that of the SAP-alone group.In contrast,animals in 12-hour group developed more severe hemodynamic suppression,oxygenation and organ dysfunction and inflammatory process.For instance,the cardiac output levels in the three groups were 2.70 ±0.50 for the SAP group,2.75 ±0.48 for the 6 hour-group and 2.19 ±0.43 for the 12 hour-group.Conclusion Early decompression could significantly reduce the mortality in a porcine model of SAP incorporating ACS,and also improve systemic hemodynamics,organ function and inflammatory intensity.

Multiple myeloma is a neoplasm of mature and immature plasma cells, it remains an incurable disease using conventional chemotherapy and increasing aggressive approaches. In recent years, due to the better understanding of myeloma biology, genetics and tumor formation, there are lots of new active drugs or combinational chemotherapy regimens having been developed, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents etc, they are more effective than conventional chemotherapy. This article summarizes the recent advances with the new options for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; drug therapy ; Oligopeptides ; therapeutic use

Objective To explore the 3-D anatomical structure of blood vessel around the pancreas and its clinical significance.Methods Fifty objects were scanned by 64-slice CT of GE,the artery,portal vein,spleen vein,superior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric vein were 3-D reconstructed by Myrian system,and the scientific data were recorded.Results The artery,portal vein,spleen vein,superior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric vein were all reconstructed;the length of portal vein was(44.28±10.23)mm and the length of post-pancreas trunk was(32.13±7.08)mm;the angle between portal vein and spleen vein were classified into three types:the angle of type Ⅰ was<90°,angle of type Ⅱ was=90°,and angle of type Ⅲ was>90 °.30％of the inferior mesenteric vein fed into the spleen vein,56％fell into the superior mesenteric vein and 14％came into the the meeting point of the spleen vein and superior mesenteric vein.Conclusion The 3-D reconstruction of blood vessels around the pancreas can provide the anatomical basis for surgeon and reduce the risk of pancreatic surgery before operation.

Background and purpose:Carcinoma of the kidney is the most common malignant renal parenchymal carcinoma;its biological behavior is extremely complicated and is not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Studies have shown that the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1-? and HIF2-? are related to the occurrence and development process of the clear-cell carcinoma of kidney.So,we intend to construct psilencer3.0-HIF-? siRNA recombinant plasmid in this study through RNA interference method,thereby providing an effective tool for further exploration of the role of HIF in the occurrence and development of clear-cell carcinoma of kidney.Methods:Design and chemically synthesize the DNA fragments of coding HIF-1? and HIF-2? siRNA and make them up into siRNA expression vector through gene recombination.Adopting the real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot tested the inhibitive effect of the constructed siRNA expression vector on mRNA and protein levels on the target gene expression.Results:After 786-0 cells transfecting with psilencer3.0-HIF-1?siRNA and psilencer3.0-HIF-2?,the inhibitory rate of mRNA expression of HIF-1? and HIF-2? reached 82.1% and 87.4% respectively,and OS-RC-2 cells transfecting psilencer3.0-HIF-1? siRNA and psilencer3.0-HIF-2?,the inhibition rate reached 91.2% and 81.2% respectively.The protein expression of the experimental group with 786-0 cells and OS-RC-2 cells transfecting HIF-1? interference plasmid and HIF-2? interference plasmid were lower at different levels than that from the blank control group.Conclusions:The constructed siRNA expression vector can effectively inhibit the expression of target gene HIF-1 and HIF-2 at mRNA and protein levels.

Objective To investigate the roles of matrix metalloproteinase-9, -2 (MMP-9, 2), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1,2 (TIMP-1, 2) in pathogenesis of the accretio placenta. Methods The women with the placenta accrete were recruited and the placenta (23) and deciduas tissues (9) after labor were obtained, and the placenta (28) and deciduas (11) from women without the placenta accreta were obtained as control to get, too. The expressions of MMP-9, -2, TIMP-1, 2 in the placental and decidual tissues were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results mRNA expression of MMP-9 in the placenta accreta was (3.21?0.76) copies/?g total RNA, significantly higher (P

Objective Subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH) is a devastating disease with a high mortality.This study was to in-vestigate the effect of Nrf2 on secondary brain injury following SAH and its action mechanism in mice. Methods SAH models were established in wild-type ( WT) and Nrf2 knockout ( KO) ICR male mice by injecting fresh blood drawn from the femoral artery into the pre-chiasmatic cistern.The animals were divided into four groups, WT sham, WT SAH, KO sham, and KO SAH.At 24 hours after modeling, the expression levels of malondialdehyde ( MDA) , GSH/GSSG, TNF-αand IL-1β, the volume of brain water, and content of Evans blue were measured, the activity scores obtained, and cerebral vasospasm of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries ( ACA and MCA) detected. Results At 24 hours, the expressions of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1βwere (3.299 ±0.335), (1.187 ± 0.436), and (59.330 ±21.787) mg/g in the WT sham group, (4.339 ±0.328), (2.432 ±0.434), and (121.584 ±21.675) mg/g in the WT SAH group, (3.488 ±0.634), (1.170 ±0.312), and (58.497 ±15.608) mg/g in the KO sham group, and (5.335 ±0.499), (3.132 ±0.548), and (171.117 ±50.479) mg/g in the KO SAH group, markedly increased in the SAH groups as compared with the sham controls (P<0.05), while the GSH/GSSG levels were significantly higher in the former two groups than in the latter (0.553 ±0.100 and 0.375 ±0.068 vs 0.714 ±0.091, 0.761 ±0.114, P<0.01).The contents of brain water and Evans blue were (0.784 ±0.005) and (7.055 ±1.046) μg/g in the WT sham group, (0.808 ±0.004) and (7.230 ±1.192) μg/g in the WT SAH group, (0.784 ±0.004) and (9.620 ±1.290) μg/g in the KO sham group, and (0.819 ±0.004) and (11.628 ±1.040)μg/g in the KO SAH group, remarkably increased in the SAH groups in comparison with the sham groups (P<0.05).The apoptosis rate 8.916 and 82.100 ±6.870 vs 70.833 ±8.750 and 51.767 ±13.006), ACA radius/wall thickness value (13.885 ±3.360 and 14.212 ±3.2545 vs 8.024 ±2.780 and 6.861 ±2.702), MCA radius/wall thickness value (18.648 ±2.893 and 19.435 ±2.775 vs 6.337 ±3.993 and 5.107 ±3.805), and activity score (2.733 ±0.450 and 2.767 ±0.430 vs 1.967 ±0.928 and 1.433 ±0.679) (all P<0.01). Conclusion Nrf2 knockout increases oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction following SAH and consequently aggravates secondary brain injury.Nrf2 has a protective effect against SAH-induced brain injury.

Objective Subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH) is a devastating disease with high fatality and morbidity and micro-glia/macrophage ( M/M) plays a vital role in SAH brain injury with complicated pathophysiological mechanism .This study was to ob-serve the effect of Nrf2 deficiency on M/M activation and M1 polarization after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice . Meth ods We col-lected 70 wild-type ( WT) ICR mice and 35 Nrf2-knockout ( KO) mice to establish the SAH model by injecting fresh autologous blood into pre-chiasmatic cistern.WT mice were arranged into four groups: sham operation group, post operative day 1 (POD1) group, POD3 group and POD5 group.Then WT mice and Nrf2 Nrf2-knockout mice were divided into sham operation WT group , sham opera-tion KO group, SAH WT group and SAH KO group.Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were applied to observe the activation and proliferation of M/M after SAH on WT mice .Difference in activation and M 1 polarization were observed by detecting Iba1 expression in WB and CD 16/32 +Iba1 +cells in immunofluorescence between WT and KO mice . Results Gray scale values of Iba1 expression by WB in WT mice are 0.491 ±0.039, 0.657 ± 0.069, 0.930 ±0.046 and 0.926 ±0.046;average optical intensity values of Iba1 expression by IHC in WT mice are 0.412 ±0.122, 0.625 ±0.135, 0.963 ±0.213 and 0.978 ±0.224.The data indica-ted that Iba1 expression increased in SAH KO group in comparison to SAH WT group on 1, 3, 5 day after SAH (P<0.05).Moreover, Nrf2 deficiency promoted the activation and polarization of M /M by increased Iba1 protein expression and CD16/32 +Iba1 +cells after SAH ( P<0.05). Conclusion SAH induces M/M activation and proliferation in mice, and Nrf2 deficiency promotes the activa-tion, proliferation and M1 polarization after SAH .

Objective To investigate the radiosensitization effects of the combination treatment of clioquinol (CQ) and zinc on human cervical cell line HeLa in vitro.Methods Cells were divided into the 4 groups:controls,drug,radiation,and combined drug and radiation group.Cytotoxic effect of CQ and zinc on cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay.Radiosensitization effect of CQ and zinc on HeLa cells was detected by colongenic assay,and the single-hit multi-target model was used to stimulate the doseresponse curve of survival and to calculate radiosensitization parameters.The cell cycle and apoptosis of HeLa cells were analyzed with flow cytometry.Luciferase reporter assay was used to study NF-κB activity of HeLa cells.Results The combination of CQ and zinc inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner (F =188.00,P ＜ 0.01).The mean lethal dose was 3.16 and 2.04 Gy for radiation group and combined drug and radiation group,respectively,and hence the SER was 1.55.Compared with the radiation group,the ratio of G2-phase cells in the combined drug and radiation group decreased(t =10.39,P ＜ 0.05),the apoptosis rate increased at 24 h post-irradiation (t =5.64,P ＜ 0.01),and the NF-κB activity decreased (t =21.42,P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the control group,the NF-κB activity increased in the radiation group(t=6.23,P＜0.05),but decreased in the drug group(t =12.48,P＜0.05).Conclusions The combination of CQ and zinc could increase the radiosensitivity of HeLa cells by decreasing the ratio of G2-phase cells,increasing apoptosis and the inhibiting of NF-κB activity.