Osteomyelitis (OM) is still a major problem for orthopedists. Numerous studies have shown that genetic factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OM. As a third generation genetic marker, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have received increasing attention from scholars who are studying genetic susceptibility to OM. In-depth research on the SNPs of susceptibility genes will help to explore new strategies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of OM. This article reviews the research advances concerning gene SNPs and OM susceptibility.

Objective To establish and test the reliability and validity of the disease related psychological pressure scale of pregnant women with chronic HBV infection,so as to provide mental stress assessment tool for the pregnant women.Methods Item pool was developed after the interview and comprehensively retrieved literatures,then after expert review and rebuilt,the scale items were fixed.Totals of 368 pregnant women with chronic HBV infection disease were investigated and the reliability and validity of scale were test.Results The scale had 5 factors and 24 items,and the correlation coefficient between each factor score and total score was 0.712 - 0.894.The correlation coefficient among each factor was 0.409 - 0.631 which was significantly lower than that between each factor score and total score ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The cumulative contribution rate of 5 factors was 64.055％,and tes-retest reliability of 5 factors was 0.856,0.887,0.828,0.813.The Cronbach' s α of internal consistency of 5 factors was 0.788 - 0.865,and the Cronbach' s α of scale was 0.932.Conclusions The scale has good reliability and validity,and can be used for measuring the disease related pregnancy psychological pressure for chronic HBV infection pregnant women.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; etiology ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To explore the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of the parachute mitral valve(PMV).Methods The echocardiographic characteristics of 12 patients with PMV between 2005 and 2012 were reviewed retrospectively,including the morphology,movement and blood flow of mitral valve apparatus,and other associated cardiac abnormalities.Results Of the mitral valve leaflets in these 12 cases,all were thickened and opened restricted in diastole.Axial view showed that in all cases mitral valves opened eccentrically and in 2 cases they didn't close tightly.Each patient only had single papillary muscle in left ventricle,which received all chords of mitral valves.Of papillary muscles in these patients,4 were located at posteromedial wall,3 at anterolateral wall,2 at middle posterior wall,2 at apical wall,and 1 at posterolateral wall.Of the 12 patients,only one were simple PMV,11 had associated cardiovascular anomalies,2 had mild regurgitation in systolic period and 11 had increased trans-valve peak flow velocity.Conclusions Echocardiography is reliable in the diagnosis of PMV,which could provide a comprehensive evaluation of valvular lesions and other associated cardiovascular anomalies.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical outcome of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LUNT) for native upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UC) in renal transplant (RT) recipients.Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis on 1130 RT recipients,and 9 patients (0.8％,9/1130) with native upper tract UC were identified. UC was confirmed pathologically in the 9 patients,including 3 cases of unilateral ureter tumor (2 on the right,and 1 on the left),4 cases of unilateral renal pelvis tumor (2 on the right,2 on the left),1 case of bilateral ureter tumor and 1 case of tumor in the right ureter and left kidney.Females predominated (8/9) in the 9 patients with upper tract UC.The patients with left upper urinary tract cancer underwent LUNT using a retroperitoneal approach with a technique of transurethral circumcision of the ureteral orifice.The patients with right upper urinary tract cancer were subjected to nephroureterctomy with ureterectomy and bladder cuff excision by complete laparascopy through a transperitoneal approach. Immunosuppressive protocol conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus was performed on all cases. Results In the 9 patients,11 LUNTs were performed successfully without conversion to open surgery.The follow-up period was from 6 to 48 months. One patient died of lung metastasis at 8th month after tumor excision,and 1 patient displayed ductal cancer of the left breast at 7th month after LNUT.Another seven patients showed no evidence of disease during the follow-up period with normal renal function.ConclusionOur present clinical experience suggested that LNUT for the native upper tract cancer in renal transplant recipients is feasible,safe,and effective.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Free running EMG and stimulus triggered EMG, including time, frequency, amplitude, muscle group were observed and recorded simultaneously. Never root functional injury and restoration after surgery were detected.RESULTS: 378 pedicle screws in 74 patients were monitored intraoperatively, and only 3 pedicle screw malposition (2 of L_4, 1 of L_5) was detected and then replaced with the help of C-arm fluoroscopic examination. Myoelectricity appeared when the current intensity was less than 10 mA. The correct rate of implantation was 99.2%. Nerve root impingement was found in two cases during laminectomy for L_5 and S_1 decompression and never root solution, which alerted the surgical team of critical neural structures. Nerve symptoms of the lower limb were aggravated after surgery and restored following 2-4 weeks of conventional treatment. The error injury rate of nerve root was 2.7%. In all reported cases, no irreversible neurological deficit was observed 2-4 weeks after operation.CONCLUSION: Intraoperative EMG monitoring can find improperly placed screws and detect impending nerve root injury promptly. Combined EMG and 3-D imaging modality monitoring is a reliable and practicable method that can be used to protect neural structures during complex lumbosacral surgery.

Branchioma ; complications ; Child ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; complications ; Humans ; Thyroiditis, Suppurative ; complications

Objective To study the effect of annexin A1 on cardiac function,tumor necrosis factorα(TNF?α),and interleukin 1β(IL?1β)in diabetic rats. Methods Twenty?four SD rats were randomly divided into normal control and diabetic groups. The type 2 diabetes model was in?duced with a high?glucose and high?fat diet and administration of low?dose streptozotocin.Left ventricular end?diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ven?tricular end?systolic volume(LVESV),peak velocity of early diastolic mitral?to?late diastolic peak velocity(e/a)ratio,left ventricular ejection frac?tion(LVEF),and stroke volume(SV)were measured by using color Doppler ultrasonography at the end of week 8. The expression levels of TNF?αand IL?1βin blood were measured by using enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay,and the expression level of annexin A1 in blood was measured at weeks 0,4,and 8 by using real?time polymerase chain reaction. Results Compared with the normal control group,the diabetic group had de?creased LVEDV,e/a,and SV(P<0.05).The annexin A1 expression level in the diabetic group decreased significantly after 8 weeks(P<0.01). The TNF?αand IL?1βlevels in the diabetic group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group(P<0.05)and increased signifi?cantly after 8 weeks(P<0.01). Annexin A1 level correlated with the TNF?αand IL?1βlevels in the diabetic group(P<0.01). Conclusion Annexin A1 expression shows an anti?inflammatory effect that improved the cardiac function of diabetic rats.

Objective To discuss the value of transcatheter artery embolization for the treatment of GI massive hemorrhage. Methods Seventy-eight GI massive bleeding cases underwent emergency angiography. Intraarterial embolization was performed in 86 arteries of the 78 patients. All patients were followed up for 1 to 10 years. Results Bleeding stopped immediately in 100% of the patients. Bleeding recurred in 16 cases from 48 hours to 37 monthes. Conclusion Arterial embolization for digestive tract bleeding is safe and effective during emergency angiography to buy a time for definite treatment for some patients.

Objective To discuss the relationship between learning adaptability and mental health in vocational nursing freshmen in Beijing.Methods Totals of 717 vocational nursing freshmen of 2012 were investigated with undergraduates' learning adaptability questionnaire (ULAQ) and symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) respectively of their learning adaptability and mental health by cluster sampling,and general descriptive statistical analysis,t test and linear correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.Results The total score of ULAQ of 717 freshmen was (3.36 ± 0.46),in which the score of learning motivation was (3.41 ± 0.59),higher than that of learning behavior which was (3.34 ±0.54).The total score of SCL-90 was 1.00-4.72,and the average was (1.42 ± 0.49).The scores of nine factors including somatization,compulsion,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,terror,paranoia and mental disorder were lower than those of the norm of university students,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.01) except for the terror factor.The scores of SCL-90 and ULAQ showed low to moderate negative correlation(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The learning adaptability of vocational nursing freshmen is beyond middle level as a whole,and is related to their mental health to a certain degree.Freshmen's mental health is also influenced by other factors in addition to learning adaptability.