Aurantii Fructus is the dried and immature fruit of Citrus aurantium and its cultivars. To investigate the chemical constituents of Aurantii Fructus, the separation and purification of constituents were performed by column chromatography on silica gel LH-20, HW-40, ODS, PHPLC and PTLC. Fourteen flavonoids, including four flavone glycosides and ten polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) were isolated from the EtOAc fraction and Petroleum ether fraction of Aurantii Fructus and their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data (NMR and MS) as (2R) -and (2S)-6"-O-acetylprunin (1,2), naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranside (3), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8,3'-dimethoxyflavone-3-O-6"-(3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(4), 4'-hydroxy-5,6, 7-trimethoxyflavone (5), natsudaidain (6), nobiletin (7), sinensetin (8), 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (9), 5,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (10), 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (11), tangeretin (12), 5-demethyl nobiletin (13), and 5-hydroxy-6,7,3', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone (14). Compound 3-5 s were isolated from this plant for the first time and compound 1 was a new one.
Citrus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure

Objective To investigate the possible protective effect of adenoviral vector expressing interleukin-1β (IL-1β) small hairpin RNA (shRNA) on spinal cord injury (SCI) and its mechanism in rats.Methods Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups including the Sham, the Vehicle,the Ad-GFP and the Ad-shIL-1β groups.SCI was induced by epidural compression.Motor function of hind limbs was evaluated by Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score, the expressions of green fluorescence in injured spinal cord tissue were observed by fluorescence microscope.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence were also performed.Results The expressions of green fluorescence in injured spinal cord tissue were observed in the Ad-GFP and Ad-shIL-1β groups one day after SCI.Significant functional improvement was observed in the Ad-shIL-1β group (8.17 ± 1.17, 10.17 ± 0.98 and 11.33 ± 0.82, respectively) compared to the Vehicle (4.00 ± 0.89, 5.67 ± 1.03 and 6.17 ± 1.17, respectively) and Ad-GFP (3.83 ± 0.98, 5.33 ± 1.21 and 5.67 ± 1.03, respectively) groups at 7, 14 and 21 days after SCI (P ＜ 0.05).Rats in the Ad-shIL-1β group had less neuronal loss 21 days after SCI.In addition, IL-1β downregulation significantly decreased IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-or (TNF-α) and IL-6 levels (138.83 ± 7.96,143.38 ± 10.20 and 120.43 ± 9.79 in Ad-shIL-1β group;169.33 ± 11.45, 172.33 ± 8.26 and 163.00 ± 9.57 in Vehicle group;172.83 ± 10.85,167.48 ± 8.19 and 159.48 ± 10.98 in Ad-GFP group, respectively) one day after SCI (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion This study demonstrated that the IL-1β downregulation may have potential therapeutic benefits for improving the outcomes after SCI.

0.05)and the TNM staging (P=0.55).A mild elevated compared other pathological classification was found in small cell lung cancer (0.191?0.275).Conclusions The results showed that RFQ-PCR was suitable for measurement of the mRNA level of PLKI in bronchoscopic bioptic specimens.This study suggest elevated expression of PLK1 might play a important role in development of lung cancer,so that PLK1 might be a potential tumor marker for Lung cancers.Advanced studies will be needed to clarify that PLKI mRNA level do not relate to TNM staging and pathological classification.

In order to meet the requirements of cultivating the practical abilities and creativities of students who receive higher education, we initiated the reformation of education in the microbiology experiment teaching methods, implementing a system for module-based education, carefully monitoring every link in teaching, combining the encouragement and strict requirements together, adopting a proper way of assessment. It is proven that the implementation of the educational reformation mobilizes the interests of students and enhances the comprehensive qualities of students, which accomplishes the purposes of teaching.

(3S)-Linalool synthase (LIS) is a key enzyme involved in the monoterpene biosynthetic pathway. Based on our previous transcriptome study, the expression level of LIS gene was exceedingly related to glycyrrhizic acid (GA) biosynthesis. Therefore, we used hairy root culturing to further investigate the effect of LIS on the GA biosynthesis. A LIS gene (GenBank accession number: MZ169552) was cloned from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The plant binary overexpression vector pCA-LIS was constructed by gene fusion. G. uralensis hairy roots overexpressing LIS were induced by the Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834. The expression levels of LIS were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and the contents of GA in hairy root lines were determined by UPLC. It was found that in the hairy root lines overexpressing LIS, the expression levels of LIS were significantly higher than that in the wild type, while the contents of GA were remarkably lower than those in the wild type and negative control. These findings indicate that the expression level of LIS is negatively correlated with the accumulation of GA. In this study, LIS was cloned from G. uralensis for the first time and the negative regulatory effect of LIS on GA biosynthesis was confirmed by reverse genetics. This work provides support for further improvement of the molecular regulatory network of GA biosynthesis in G. uralensis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of total flavonoids of epimedium (TFE) on the streptozocin (STZ)-induced kidney injury in diabetic rats and discuss the possible mechanism.

METHODSDiabetes was produced by a single injection of streptozocin (40 mg/kg, iv) in male SD rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): control group, model group and TFE group (100 mg/kg, ig). Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks later. The level of blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) as well as the renal index were determined. Detect the specific biochemical of renal tissue: superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA). Use masson staining to observe the morphology of the renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the protein levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).

RESULTSCompared to control group, the enhancement of blood glucose, renal index, BUN and Cr was found in model group, which was significantly attenuated by treatment with TFE. Meanwhile, elevated MDA level in renal tissue as well as decreased SOD activities in renal tissue were significantly remitted by TFE. Furthermore, TFE decreased the expression of TGF-beta1.

CONCLUSIONTFE can evidently relieve renal damage in rats with diabetic nephropathy induced by STZ, which might be related to antioxidation and modulating the expression of TGF-beta1 protein.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Killer Cells, Natural ; pathology ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; analysis ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics

Objective To investigate the relationship of the cytogenetic abnormalities detected by FISH in patients with MM and their clinical features. Methods FISH on bone marrow (BM) cells was performed in 57 enrolled MM patients. Relationships between cytogenetic abnormalities and clinical features were analyzed. Results By statistical analysis , both D13S319 deletion and RB1 deletion were associated with high level of serum LDH (P = 0.024; P = 0.018) and BM plasma cells index (P = 0.027; P = 0.013). 1q21 amplification was significantly associated with high level of LDH (P = 0.030 ) and the occurence of light chain type myeloma (P = 0.023). IgH rearrangement was associated with renal function damage (P = 0.009). There were correlations among D13S319 deletion, RB1 deletion, 1q21 amplification and IgH rearrangement (P<0.01). Conclusion The genetic abnormalities detected by FISH in patients with MM were correlated with various clinical poor prognostic indicators, which can evaluate the condition and prognosis of patients more efficiently.

Animals ; Cell Cycle ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Hypoxia ; enzymology ; genetics ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; enzymology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Telomerase ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo annotate the human genome 3p24-p25 478 kb complete sequence.

METHODSThe protein-coding genes in the genomic sequence were identified by using ab initio gene finding, homology-based similarity database searching and all or partial mRNA aligning with genomic sequence, and the content feature of the genomic sequence were analyzed by using EMBOSS package.

RESULTSTwo known genes SLC6A1 and SLC6A11 were identified; as well as the GC content of this genomic sequence was 47% and 3 putative CpG islands were predicted in the genomic sequence, located in 130,685-131,516 bp, 307,090-307,870 bp and 415,585-416,308 bp, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe methods, as mentioned above, might be used for annotating the biological information in the genomic sequence, such as gene structure, GC content, CpG island.

Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; Genome, Human ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data