Myopia is considered to be a disease occurred under the influence of genetic and environmental factors, and it can only be restored by corrective surgeries. The current surgical methods include laser surgeries and phakic intraocular lens(PIOL)implantation, and PIOL has the advantages of wide range of correction, repeatable procession and small damage to corneal tissue. Furthermore, good visual acuity can be achieved after implantation of intraocular lens. Implantable collamer lens(ICL)is the most common surgical method in this group. The vertical distance between the highest point of the posterior central surface of the implanted lens and the anterior surface of the crystalline lens is called vault. It will cause serious complications if the vault turns out to be abnormal. Up to now, there is no optimal prediction method. This research focuses on vault, discusses the ideal range of postoperative vault, the safety and effectiveness of this surgery, and analyzes the existing prediction methods to provide directions for future clinical research.

Objective To explore the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation and behavioral function of traumatic brain injury (TBI) mouse model.MethodsThe experiment was divided into two parts. In the first part, 27 SPF male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank group, sham operation group and TBI model group, with 9 mice in each group. TBI model group was made by controlled cortical impact (CCI) after craniotomy, while sham operation group was only performed craniotomy without any treatment, and the blank group was not treated at all. The effect of modeling was evaluated after operation. In the second part, 50 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into sham operation group, three different drug dosage groups and solvent (DMSO) control group, with 8 mice in each group. The drug treatment groups were injected with ginsenoside Rg1 at the doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg respectively 6 hours after TBI model had been successfully established, while the DMSO control group was given the same amount of 1% DMSO for one week, twice a day. Modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) were performed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th day after modeling, and the blood-brain barrier leakage was detected by Western blotting on the 3rd day after modeling. On the 14th and 16th day, the elevated cross maze test and water maze test were used to detect the neurobehavioral function. On the 28th day after anesthesia and perfusion, the brains were taken out, and the neuroinflammation such as activation of microglia and astrocytes was observed by immunofluorescence staining.ResultsThe expression level of MMP-9, a marker of blood-brain barrier, decreased in ginsenoside Rg1 treatment group (P<0.01). The number of microglia （Iba-1 positive) and astrocyte (GFAP positive) cells decreased significantly (P<0.05), which indicated that neuroinflammation was inhibited, and the best effect was achieved at the dosage of 20 mg/kg (P<0.01). The mNSS of mice in ginsenoside Rg1 treatment group were significantly lower than those in DMSO control group (P < 0.01), and the proportion of times they entered the open arm was significantly higher than that in DMSO control group (P < 0.05). The time ratio in the quadrant where the water maze experimental platform was located and the times of crossing the platform were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05), and the dosage of 20 mg/kg had the best effect.ConclusionThe TBI mouse model was successfully constructed and applied to the study of ginsenoside Rg1 repair of mouse traumatic brain injury. Ginsenoside Rg1 can significantly improve blood-brain barrier, alleviate neuroinflammation and improve neurobehavioral function in TBI model mice, and the effect is the most significant at the dose of 20 mg/kg.

Aim To investigate the effects of combined administration of loganin and berberine on bone structure and metabolism in diabetic mice and its potential mechanism.Methods The diabetic ICR mouse model was induced by high fat diet(HFD).After 10 weeks of combined intervention, the effects of loganin and berberine on body weight, body fat rate, blood glucose, blood lipid and serum oxidative stress levels were observed.Bone microstructure was scanned by micro-CT.Biomechanical characteristics of bone were measured by three-point bending test, and material properties were detected by fourier transform infrared(FTIR).The pathological changes were observed by HE and TRAP staining.Protein expressions involved in advanced glycation end products(AGEs)and their receptors(RAGE)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The combined administration of loganin and berberine could significantly inhibit the weight gain, reduce the levels of blood glucose, blood lipid and oxidative stress, as well as improve glucose tolerance.In addition, combined intervention also decreased the expression levels of the proteins involved in AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway, and improved bone microstructure, finally contributing to increasing bone quality in diabetic mice.Conclusions The combination of loganin and berberine could improve bone metabolism in diabetic mice, which may be related to AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway.

COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy* ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features of neuroblastoma (NB) and the factors influencing survival rate. METHODS: A total of 44 children with NB who were admitted from April 2016 to February 2020 were enrolled as research subjects. A retrospective analysis was performed on their medical data and follow-up data. RESULTS: The common clinical symptoms of these 44 children were fever (10/44, 23%), mass (9/44, 20%), abdominal pain (8/44, 18%), cough (7/44, 16%), pale complexion (3/44, 7%), claudication (2/44, 5%), and abnormal activity (2/44, 5%). According to the INSS stage, 2 children (4%) had stage I NB, 5 children (11%) had stage II NB, 5 children (11%) had stage III NB, and 32 children (73%) had stage IV NB. The mean follow-up time was (15.3±1.5) months, with a recurrence rate of 20% and an overall survival rate of 82%. Among the 44 children, 29 (66%) achieved event-free survival and 7 (16%) had survival with tumor. The univariate analysis showed that a pathological type of NB and an increase in serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) decreased the overall survival rate of children with NB (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The clinical symptoms of children with NB are not specific at the first visit. Fever, abdominal pain, and mass are common symptoms, and there is a high proportion of children in the advanced stage. The pathological type of NB and an increase in serum NSE may be associated with a reduction in the overall survival rate of children with NB.
Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neuroblastoma ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

To observe the effect of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets on angiogenesis of rats with type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis( CIA) and on the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells( HUVEC) in vitro. The HUVEC were induced by 20 μg·L-1 vascular endothelial growth factor( VEGF) in vitro,and were treated with 0. 1,1,10 mg·L-1 Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets continuously for 7 hours. The numbers of branches of tube formation were measured. SD rats were immunized to establish CIA. CIA rats were treated with 9,18,36 mg·kg-1·d-1 Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets for 42 days. Histopathological examination( HE) was performed to observe the vascular morphology and vascular density in the synovial membrane of the inflamed joints. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to observe the expression of platelets-endothelial cell adhesion molecule( CD31) and αsmooth muscle actin( αSMA) in synovial membrane. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to observe the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors 1α( HIF1α) and angiotensin 1( Ang1) in the synovial tissue. The results showed that the numbers of branches of tube formation of HUVEC induced by VEGF were improved,and declined significantly after treated by Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets. Compared with the normal group,the vascular density,CD31 positive expression,CD31 +/αSMA-immature and total vascular positive expression in the synovial membrane of the model group were significantly increased,and so as HIF1α and Ang1 in the synovium. Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets reduced the synovial vascular density and inhibited the positive expression of CD31,CD31+/αSMA-immature blood vessels and total vascular,but has no effect on CD31+/αSMA+mature blood vessels. Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets also inhibited the expression of HIF1α and Ang1 in synovial membrane of inflammatory joints. Our results demonstrated that Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets could inhibit the angiogenesis of synovial tissue in CIA rats and the tube formation of HUVEC,which is related to the down-regulation of HIF1α/Ang1 signal axis.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Angiotensin I ; metabolism ; Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Synovial Membrane ; drug effects ; Tablets ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

AIM: To investigate the value of ultrasonography in diabetic retinopathy ( DR) .?METHODS: Totally 103 cases ( 103 eyes ) of type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from May 2015 to May 2017 in our hospital, there were 32 patients 32 eyes with non diabetic retinopathy ( NDR) , 40 patients 40 eyes with non proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR ) , and 31 patients 31 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), 40 healthy volunteers (40 eyes) were selected as control group, the maximum systolic blood flow velocity ( PSV ) , end diastolic velocity ( EDV ) and resistance index (RI) of the central retinal artery (CRA), posterior ciliary artery ( PCA ) and ophthalmic artery ( OA ) were detected by color Doppler ultrasound.?RESULTS:The difference of PSV, EDV and RI of CRA, PCA and OA in each group was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The PSV of CRA, PCA and OA in NDR group were 12. 38 ± 2. 10cm/s, 13. 36 ± 2. 55cm/s and 32. 04 ± 6. 07cm/s, significantly higher than that of NPDR group (9.70±1.67cm/s, 12.20±2.01cm/s and 27.40±4.32cm/s) and PDR group ( 7. 13 ± 1. 40cm/s, 10. 31 ± 1. 82cm/s and 22.10±3.51cm/s) (P<0. 05). EDV were 4. 67±1. 20cm/s, 5. 61 ± 1. 25cm/s and 8. 40 ± 1. 51cm/s, significantly higher than that of NPDR group (3. 52±1. 19cm/s, 5. 01±1. 30cm/s and 6.61±1. 67cm/s) and PDR group (2. 48±1. 02cm/s, 4. 11±1.04cm/s and 4. 01±1. 52cm/s) (P<0. 05). And RI were 0. 63 ± 0. 07, 0. 60 ± 0. 04 and 0. 77 ± 0. 05, was significantly lower than that of NPDR group (0. 72±0. 06, 0. 67±0. 05 and 0. 81 ± 0. 03) and PDR group (0. 80 ± 0. 09, 0. 74±0. 06 and 0. 86±0. 04) (P<0. 05).?CONCLUSION: Color Doppler ultrasound monitoring the hemodynamic changes of ocular blood vessels in diabetes can provide evidence for early detection of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To observe the effect of Tangmaikang particles on insulin sensitivity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected, randomly divided into control group ( n=60) and treatment group ( n=60).Patients in control group received routine hypoglycemic, hypotensive and lipid adjusting treatment, while patients in treatment group were given Tangmaikang par-ticles 15 g? d-1 on the basis of conventional treatment.The treatment lasted for 3 months.The data of postprandial plasma sugar ( PPG) , gly-cosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1 c ) , fasting insulin ( FINS ) , insulin sensi-tivity ( HOMA-IS ) , low density lipoprotein ( LDL -C ) , triglyceride (TG), endothelin -1( ET-1) and the change of clinical symptoms in two groups before and after treatment were observed as well as the inci-dence of adverse reactions in 2 groups.Results The total effective rate was 88.33% in treatment group, better than control group (75.00%) .After treatment, the data of FINS, HOMA -IS, PPG, HbA1c were all significantly improved in two groups( P<0.05 ) , and treatment group improved more obviously than control group ( P<0.05 ) .Symptoms in two groups were both improved compared with before treatment( P<0.05) , and the treatment group was better than control group( P<0.05).But the TG level wasn′t significantly decreased in two groups( P>0.05).After treatment, LDL-C and ET-1 level in treatment group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05 ) , and the control group was not obvious (P>0.05).After the treatment for early diabetic nephropathy, ET -1 in treatment group was significantly lower (P<0.05), and the control group was not obvious (P>0.05).There was no adverse reactions found during treat-ment.Conclusion Tangmaikang particles are safe and effective for type 2 diabetes, which also can improve insulin sensibility, reduce insulin resistance and ET-1 level, especially can reduce the ET-1 level of patients with diabetic nephropathy.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effects and application value of intraoperative CT in treatment of severe scoliosis with posterior total pedicle screws.

METHODSThirty-two cases of severe scoliosis were retrospectively analysed in our hospital from June 2009 to June 2011,which were treated by posterior total pedicle screws with intraoperative CT including 12 males and 20 females with an average age of 16.8 years ranging from 10 to 38 years. There were 19 cases combined with thoracic kyphosis among 32 cases. Multiple planar reconstruction technology of intraoperative CT was applied to assess screw position. The numbers (rates) of pedicle screws were calculated and evaluated as different grades in upper thoracic vertebra (T1-T4) ,middle thoracic vertebra (T5-T8), lower thoracic vertebra (T9-T12) and lumbar vertebra. The pedicle screws of 2 grade and 3 grade were defined as malpositioned screws. Times of applicating intraoperative CT were calculated. Cobb angle of all cases and kyphosis angle of the cases combined with thoracic kyphosis were measured before and after surgery. Scoliosis correction rates and kyphosis correction rates were calculated.

RESULTSThere were 686 pedicle screws placed in thoracolumbar of 32 patients (including 544 thoracic pedicle screws,142 lumbar pedicle screws) and 14 patients underwent osteotomy. The rate of malpositioned screws in thoracolumbar was 7.3% by evaluating with intraoperative CT,and it respectively was 5.6%,11.1%, 6.7% and 4.3% in upper thoracic vertebra, middle thoracic vertebra,lower thoracic vertebra and lumbar vertebra. The malpositioned screws were amended in surgery. The mean times of intraoperative CT was 2.6 times (ranged from 2 times to 4 times). The mean preoperative Cobb angle was 95 degrees (ranged from 78 degrees to 123 degrees) and the mean postoperative Cobb angle was 340 (ranged from 19 degrees to 53 degrees). The mean correction rate of Cobb angle was 64%. The mean preoperative kyphosis angle of the patients combined with thoracic kyphosis was 69 degrees (ranged from 46 degrees to 82 degrees) and the mean postoperative kyphosis angle was 32 degrees (ranged from 22 degrees to 45 degrees). The mean correction rate of kyphosis angle was 54%. Four patients suffered cerebrospinal fluid leak after surgery. No infection, vascular lesion and nervous lesion were found. All patients had an average 18-month follow-up (ranged from 12 to 26 months). No broken nails, broken rods and pseudarthrosis were founded.

CONCLUSIONApplication of in traoperative CT in severe scoliosis with posterior total pedicle screws can detect and amend malpositioned screws timely in surgery, to avoid secondary surgery for malpositioned screws and protect the safety of surgery. The effects of surgery is satisfactory.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

To evaluate in vitro release and transdermal behaviors of Zhitong cataplasm, modified Franz diffusion cell method was applied to investigate in vitro transdermal absorption of Zhitong cataplasm and the content of tetrahydropalmatine was determined by HPLC. In 24 hours, accumulative release rate of tetrahydropalmatine was 81. 9%, transmission rate was 2.26 microg x cm(-2) x h(-1). In 48 hours, accumulative transdermal rate and transmission rate of tetrahydropalmatine were 20.31%, 0.22 pg x cm(-2) x h(-1). So Zhitong cataplasm had a good release and transdermal properties and transdermal actions were consistent with zero-order kinetics process.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Berberine Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Skin ; metabolism ; Skin Absorption