This article provides a brief description of systematics on Morchella ,and reviews the advances of molecular systematics on Morchella over the world.

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)is a new type technique of gel electrophoresis which can be used to separate large DNA molecules.It has been widely applied to the karyotype analysis,identification of species groups,genetic orientation and genetic analysis for fungi.This article describes the principle,development and general manipulative procedure of PFGE,and elaborates the application in the molecular research of fungi.

Liposome is an artificially prepared spherical vesicle that has a phospholipid bilayer. Given that the basic structure of its biological membrane is also a lipid bilayer membrane, liposome shares similar structures with body cells Therefore, liposome has good biocompatibility and advantages such as biodegradability, low immunogenicity, and subtle toxicity. Liposome has been widely ap-plied as an effective drug carrier. Studies on liposome-encapsulated fluorescent dye on tumor tracing have been reported in recent years. Liposome can become a more advantageous transport carrier with continuous development of surface modification materials and prepa-ration methods. The long cycle, targeted liposome-encapsulated drugs, and fluorescent dye have become the focus of interest for several researchers. This article mainly discusses the application and progress of long cycle and targeted liposome in cancer research.

Objective To establish the cell line stably expressing INSIG2 and observe its effecet on fat metabolism after overexpression of INSIG2.Methods The eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-INSIG2 was constructed,which was transfected into 3T3-L1 cells.The expression of INSIG2 and related genes were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry,the contents of FFA in cell culture medium and adipocyte differentiation were detected by ELISA and Oil Red "O"staining respectively.Results After pcDNA3.1(+)-INSIG2 was transfected into the 3T3-L1 cells,the expression of INSIG1 mRNA and FAS mRNA were down-regulated,the content of FFA in the cell culture medium was decreased and adipocyte differentiation was drepressed.Conclusion The cell line stably expressing INSIG2 was successfully established,the transfected INSIG2 may have a drepressant effect on fat metabolism.

With the continuous development of musculoskeletal ultrasound,ultrasound diagnosis of inflammatory arthri tis,especially early diagnosis had an increasing important role.Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) was a kind of inflammatory arthritis,which was closely related with psoriasis.It could involve the whole body's large and small joints,especially peripheral joints (often asymmetric),sacroiliac joint and spine.The course of PsA was protracted and easy to recur.Clinical and ima ging manifestations of PsA are similar to rheumatoid arthritis (RA),and need to identify diagnosis.The diagnosis and antidiastole in musculoskeletal ultrasound of PsA were reviewed in this article.

In plant, evocation of secondary metabolism is associated with complex biochemical and molecular events that are regulated by developmental and environmental factors. In order to get more information about Taxol biosynthesis, comparison of mRNA populations from Taxus chinensis cells during Taxol-synthesis phase and those during non-Taxol-synthesis phase were performed by mRNA differential display. The results suggested that genes specifically expressed in the Taxol-synthesis phase might be involved in Taxol biosynthesis.
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Paclitaxel ; biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Taxus ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo assess the clinical effects and safety of modified ultrafiltration during pediatric cardiac surgery.

METHODSThe clinical trials were located through electronic searches of the Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2009), PubMed (1991 to April 2009), EMBASE (1991 to April 2009), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, 1994 to April 2009), VIP (1991 to April 2009) and China Biomedicine Database (CBM, 1991 to April 2009), with the languages limited in English and Chinese. In strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the studies, two authors independently evaluated the quality of the included studies. Meta analysis of the studies was conducted using RevMan5.0 software, and the studies that could not be combined was analyzed descriptively.

RESULTSA total of 9 trials involving 587 patients were included. The results showed that compared with the group without ultrafiltration, the modified ultrafiltration group was superior in duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation [MD=-3.66, 95%CI (-6.02, -1.29), P=0.002] and showed no significant differences from the conventional ultrafiltration group [MD=-3.21, 95%CI (-6.90, 0.49), P=0.09]. Compared with balanced ultrafiltration group, the mechanical ventilation time, intensive care unit (ICU) monitoring time and the results of chest drainage in children were similar. Compared with the group receiving conventional or balanced ultrafiltration alone, the combined group of modified ultrafiltration had similar ventilation time [MD=-2.34, 95%CI (-6.74, 2.07), P=0.30] and ICU time [MD=-0.12, 95%CI (-0.31, 0.06), P=0.19]. The included studies reported no ultrafiltration-related complications.

CONCLUSIONModified ultrafiltration improves the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass during pediatric cardiac surgery, but the current evidence has not been sufficient to support the notion that the modified ultrafiltration achieves better clinical results than conventional or balanced ultrafiltration.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Child ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; surgery ; Humans ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Pediatrics ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrafiltration

Objective To explore the clinical effect of repairing the large area of soft tissue defect of the calf by the retrograde anterolateral thigh flap with single high cutaneous perforator. Methods From January, 2014 to July, 2017, 9 cases of large area of soft tissue defects were repaired by the retrograde anterolateral thigh flap with sin-gle high cutaneous perforator.There were 7 males and 2 females, aged 24-48 years.Soft tissue defects area of the calf was 10.0 cm×7.0 cm to 35.0 cm×15.0 cm, including skin grafting and skin stretch to repair the area. The perforating point of the high cutaneous artery branches was designed at the proximal end of the flap, which was used as the single nutrient vessel of the flap. The rotation point of the flap was moved upward to the proximal thigh, which not only in-creased the blood supply of the flap, but also made the flap repair range to the distal calf. The flap range was 15.0 cm×10.0 cm to 22.0 cm×12.0 cm. Results All flaps were cut smoothly, and no vascular crisis occurred. All flaps survived smoothly.All patients were followed-up for 6-12 months. The appearance of flaps was plump, slightly bloat-ed, and their color was similar to the recipient area. The texture was soft, and no active disorder in the donor site. Conclusion The retrograde anterolateral thigh flap with single high cutaneous perforator can be designed at a high rotation point.By increasing the number and caliber of the anastomotic branch between the pedicle and lateral superi-or genicular artery, the blood supply and reflux of flap can be improved, and the survival rate is not affected. Com-pared with the traditional anterolateral thigh flap, it has great advantages.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of lateral supramalleolar perforator flap with the rotation point down on the repair of forefoot soft tissue defect.Methods From January,2016 to June,2017,23 cases (15 males and 8 females) of forefoot soft tissue defect were repaired by lateral supramalleolar perforator flap with the rotation point down.The age ranged from 8 to 67 (mean,42.9) years.The soft tissue defects were located far from the tarsometatarsal joint of the foot and the areas were 4.0 cm×4.0 cm-8.0 cm×12.0 cm.The areas of flap stitched directly or take blade thick skin repair on the thigh.All cases were followed-up by telephone or Internet,outpatient visit and home visit.Results Twenty-one cases survived successfully.Small area necrosis occurred at the distal end of the flap in 1 case,and healed after changing treatment.In the other cases,tension blister appeared at the distal end of the flap.After cut off some surgical stitches,the flap survived.All cases were followed-up from 6 to 12 months.The shape of flaps were not bloated and had good textures.The walking of affected limbs had no significant effect,and the functional recovery was satisfactory.Conclusion The lateral supramalleolar perforator flap is easy to cut and the perforator of flap is constant,which is a appropriate flap to repair the soft tissue defect of the forefoot.

Objective To assess the effect of preoperative administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) on the hidden blood loss in the surgery of intertrochanteric fractures with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA).Methods Eighty patients with intertrochanteric fracture were treated with PFNA in our hospital from November 2015 to July 2016.They were 15 men and 65 women,with a mean age of 72.6 years.Of them,39 were included into TXA group where TXA was administered preoperatively and 41 were assigned into the control group where no TXA was used preoperatively.Blood routine examinations were carried out on one day before operation,the first and third days after operation.The surgical blood loss,operative blood transfusion,24-hour drainage after operation,and postoperative 3-day blood transfusion were recorded.The total and hidden blood losses were calculated according to the formula.The 2 groups were compared in terms of blood loss and complications.Results In TXA group,the total blood loss (1,632.3 ± 849.2 mL),the hidden blood loss (1,270.9 ± 623.3 mL) and the transfusion rate (28.2％) were significantly lower than those in the control group (2,014.8 ± 924.7 mL,1,549.1 ± 624.9 mL and 56.1％) (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in visible blood loss (361.4 ± 154.3 mL for TXA group versus 465.7 ± 191.3 mL for the control group) (P ＞ 0.05).Deep venous thrombosis occurred in 2 patients,limb swelling in one patient and wound dehiscence in one patient in TXA group while deep venous thrombosis occurred in one patient,limb swelling in 3 patients and wound dehiscence in none in the control group,showing no significant differences between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).No infection was observed in either group.Conclusion Preoperative administration of TXA can reduce surgical hidden blood loss and transfusion rate as well but will not increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis in the surgery of intertrochanteric fractures with PFNA.