China ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery

DNA Damage ; DNA Glycosylases ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Repair Enzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism

China ; Humans ; Urologic Surgical Procedures ; trends

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the present study was to prepare uniform-sized silybin loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres in study of silybin with stainless steel membrane.

METHODSilybin PLGA microspheres were prepared by stainless steel membrane emulsification. The preparation conditions were optimized by single-factor test and orthogonal experiment, and evaluating the mean diameters, the particle size distribution, drug loading, entrapment efficiency and morphology of microsphere.

RESULTPrepared microspheres were round and surface was smooth. The mean diameter was (4.961 +/- 0.56) microm. The span was (1.75 +/- 0.18). The entrapment efficiency was (54.997 +/- 4.05)% and the average drug loading was (23.6 +/- 1.70)%.

CONCLUSIONThe stainless steel membrane emulsification can be used to prepare the silybin PLGA microspheres. The mean diameters of the silybin PLGA microspheres can be controlled in certain level. Stainless steel membrane emulsification has great potentiality exploitation and utilization.

Drug Compounding ; methods ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Microspheres ; Particle Size ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Silymarin ; chemistry ; Stainless Steel ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the value of DWI in assessing the biological characteristics of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).Methods Eighty-seven IDC lesions confirmed by postoperative pathology were involved in this retrospective study.The ADC values of IDC were compared among different lymph node status,grades,and molecular subtype.The correlations of ADC value and lymph node status,grades,and molecular subtype were evaluated.Results The ADC value of IDC with positive lymph node was lower than that with negative lymph node (P=0.035),and the ADC value of the high grade IDC was lower than those of medium grade IDC and low grade IDC (P=0.021,0.002).There was no significant difference of ADC value between different molecular subtypes.There was low negative correlation of ADC value with grades (r.s =-0.357,P 0.001) and week negative correlation of ADC value lymph node status and nolecular subtype (rs =-0.227,P=0.034;rs-0.093,P＜0.001).Conclusion DWI can provide useful information in evaluating the biological characteristics of IDC.

BACKGROUNDTreatment with inhaled carbon monoxide (CO) has been shown to ameliorate intestinal injury in experimental animals induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or ischemia-reperfusion. We hypothesized that CO intraperitoneal administration (i.p.) might provide similar protection to inhaled gas. This study aimed to investigate the effects of continuous 2 L/min of 250 ppm CO i.p. on rat intestine injury induced by LPS and to try to develop a more practical means of delivering the gas.

METHODSA total of 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control group, CO i.p. group, LPS group and LPS+CO i.p. group. One hour after intravenously received 5 mg/kg LPS, the rats in LPS group and LPS+CO i.p. group were exposed to room air and 2 L/min of 250 ppm CO i.p., respectively, and the rats of control group and CO i.p. group intravenously received an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl and 1 hour later, were exposed to room air and 2 L/min of 250 ppm CO i.p., respectively. One, 3 and 6 hour of each group after treated with room air or CO i.p., the animals (n = 6 for each time point) were sacrificed and intestinal tissues were collected for determinating the levels of platelet activator factor (PAF) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) with enzyme-lined immunosorbent assays. The maleic dialdehyde (MDA) content and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were determined with a chemical method. The phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression was assayed with Western blotting and the cell apoptotic rate with flow cytometery. The arterial oxygenation was measured by blood gas analysis, and the pathology determined by light microscope.

RESULTSAfter treatment with 2 L/min of 250 ppm CO i.p., the increase of PAF, ICAM-1, MDA, MPO, and cell apoptotic rate induced by LPS was markedly reduced (P < 0.05 or 0.01), and accompanied by ameliorating intestine injury. Western blotting showed that these effects of CO i.p. were mediated by p38 MAPK pathway. There were no significant differences in all observed parameters between control group and CO i.p. group.

CONCLUSIONThe injury to the intestine via anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis, which may involve the p38 MAPK pathway, was induced by 2 L/min of 250 ppm CO i.p. exerting potent protection against LPS.

Aldehydes ; metabolism ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Carbon Monoxide ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Flow Cytometry ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Intestines ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Male ; Microscopy ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Platelet Activating Factor ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of patients with solitary kidney stones. METHODS: The clinical data of 22 patients with solitary kidney stones treated with PCNL in Peking University People's Hospital from September 2008 to June 2014, with the follow-up data of more than 5 years were analyzed retrospectively. Perioperative indicators, postoperative stone free rate (SFR) and incidence of complications were recorded. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate the long-term stones recurrence rate. Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were used to assess the long-term renal function. RESULTS: In this group of 22 patients, the average age was (50.3±11.8) years, with 10 cases of anatomic solitary kidneys, 12 functional solitary kidneys, and the median stone diameter was 1.65 (1.1-3.9) cm. All the patients had multiple stones, including 7 cases of staghorn stones. The median pre-operative serum creatinine was 104.5 (60.0-460.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (60.3±29.4) mL/min, showing no statistically significant difference compared with that before surgery. The mean operative time was (88.2±42.0) min, and there were 11 cases of single-channel and double-channel PCNL. The median serum creatinine on the first day after surgery was 102.0 (63.0-364.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (58.0±25.1) mL/min. The mean postoperative hospital stay was (8.7±5.2) days. In this group, 5 patients (22.7%) presented short-term complications, among which 4 patients presented postoperative infection and massive hemorrhage at the same time, which improved after conservative treatment, and 1 patient presented pleural injury and improved after closed thoracic drainage. Two patients (9.1%) developed long-term complications, and ureteral stricture occurred 3 months after operation, which improved after balloon dilatation. The median follow-up time was 6.2 (4.7-11.1) years. The median serum creatinine at the last follow-up was 104.0 (72.4-377.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (60.1±23.7) mL/min, showing no statistically significant difference compared with that before surgery. Renal function decreased in 6 patients (27.3%). Initial and final SFR were 72.7% and 100%, respectively. During the 6.2-year follow-up, 9 patients (40.9%) experienced recurrence of kidney stone. After stone recurrence, 13 lithotomy surgeries were performed, and the SFR by the latest follow-up was 63.6%. CONCLUSION This study had the longest follow-up time for patients with solitary kidney stones after PCNL reported at home and abroad. Ultrasound-guided standard PCNL was safe and effective in the treatment of solitary kidney stones. Long-term follow-up results showed that the recurrence rate of kidney stones was still high, but the long-term renal function was stable after operation, and some patients showed mild renal function decline.
Adult ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Kidney/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe effects of Ligustrazine on serum S100p protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in elderly patients undergoing orthopedics operations.

METHODSTotally 60 patients undergoing selective total hip replacement, 65-80 years old, who were in line with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I or II, were randomly assigned to the Ligustrazine group (Group L) and the normal saline control group (Group S). The right internal jugular vein catheters were placedcephalad and ensured theirs tips in jugular venous bulbs after anesthesia induction and tracheal intubation. Patients in Group L received 2 mg/kg Ligustrazine Injection (40 drops within one minute) and those inGroup S received equal volume of normal saline via central veins before operations. Other medicines were the same for all patients during and after operation. Five millimeter blood sample was collected frominternal jugular venous bulbs before operation (T0), 24 h (T1), 72 h (T2), 168 h (7th day, T3) after operation. Serum was collected after centrifuge. S100β protein and NSE concentration were analyzed usingELISA. Mini-mental state examinations (MMSE) were scored by the same doctor at T0, T1, T2, and T3,respectively.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in MMSE scores, serum S1000 protein, or NSE at TO (P > 0.05). Compared with TO, S100 P protein and NSE concentration increased and MMSE scores decreased at T1, T2, and T3 in the two groups. All indices except S100P protein and NSE at T3 were statistically different between Group L and Group S (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSerum S100P protein and NSE could be changed by pre-operation injecting Ligustrazine at certain dose in elderly patients undergoing orthopedics operations.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Humans ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; blood ; Pyrazines ; therapeutic use ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; blood

Objective: To investigate the effects of extract of Bulbus Allii Caespitosi on cardiocyte viability of swines with myocardial reperfusion injury by analyzing the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) position emission tomography (PET) imaging. Methods: Twenty-four swines were randomly divided into sham-operated group, untreated group, trimethazine group and extract of Bulbus Allii Caespitosi group. Myocardial reperfusion injury was induced by plugging the anterior descending coronary artery of swine with sacculus. Bulbus Allii Caespitosi or trimetazidine was given twice daily for 28 days. Then myocardial perfusion was detected with (18)F-FDG PET/CT and the radioactivity distribution was evaluated. Results: Compared with the untreated group, Bulbus Allii Caespitosi and trimetazidine could improve the activity of myocardial cells after myocardial infarction (P<0.01), and there were no significant differences between Bulbus Allii Caespitosi and trimetazidine (P>0.05). Conclusion: Bulbus Allii Caespitosi can improve myocardial metabolism after ischemia and reperfusion in swines.

OBJECTIVETo observe the protection of carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat multiple organ injury.

METHODSSprague-Dawley rats with multiple organ injury induced by 5 mg/kg LPS intravenous injection were exposed to room air or 2. 5 x 10(-4) (V/V) CO for 3 hours. The lung and intestine tissues of rats were harvested to measure the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the levels of pulmonary tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and intestinal platelet activator factor (PAF), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the content of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) with chemical method, the cell apoptosis rate with flow cytometry, and the pathological changes with light microscope.

RESULTSCO inhalation obviously up-regulated the expression of HO-1 in lung (5.43 +/- 0.92) and intestine (6.29 +/- 1.56) in LPS + CO group compared with (3.08 +/- 0.82) and (3.97 +/- 1.16) in LPS group (both P < 0.05). The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 in lung and PAF, ICAM-1 in intestine of LPS + CO group were 0.91 +/- 0.25, 0.64 +/- 0.05, 1.19 +/- 0.52, and 1.83 +/- 0.35 pg/mg, respectively, significantly lower than the corresponding values in LPS group (1.48 +/- 0.23, 1.16 +/- 0.26, 1.84 +/- 0.73, and 3.48 +/- 0.36 pg/mg, all P < 0.05). The levels of MDA, MPO, and cell apoptosis rate in lung and intestine of LPS + CO group were 1.02 +/- 0.23 nmol/mg, 1.74 +/- 0.17 nmol/mg, 7.18 +/- 1.62 U/mg, 6.30 +/- 0.97 U/mg, 1.60% +/- 0.34%, and 30. 56% +/- 6.33%, respectively, significantly lower than the corresponding values in LPS group (1.27 +/- 0.33 nmol/mg, 2.75 +/- 0.39 nmol/mg, 8.16 +/- 1.49 U/mg, 7.72 +/- 1.07 U/mg, 3.18% +/- 0.51%, and 41.52% +/- 3.36%, all P < 0.05). In addition, injury of lung and intestine induced by LPS was attenuated at presence of CO inhalation.

CONCLUSIONCO inhalation protects rat lung and intestine from LPS-induced injury via anti-oxidantion, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and up-regulation of HO-1 expression.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carbon Monoxide ; administration & dosage ; DNA Primers ; Inhalation Exposure ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Male ; Multiple Organ Failure ; chemically induced ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley