Using a five-floor building affected by the Yangtze River highway tunnels in Wuhan as the engineering background, we have constructed a free-field model and a coupled model to study the soil, lining, foundations and upper structure, and analyze the rules of movements of building foundation and ground induced by single tunnel and twin tunnel excavation with the Finite Element Analysis method. It is shown that for the coupled model, the longitudinal displacement of each foundation increases slowly when the tunnel face gets close to the foundation section and then increases fast when the tunnel face moves away from the foundation during the single and twin tunneling. For a single tunnel, the surface settlements are overestimated by the free-field and coupled tunnel. This might be crucial in urban areas. Regarding the maximum settlements and the width of the settlement trough, the difference between the free-field model and the coupled modal is quite obvious. This comparison with the field measurement value reveals that the coupled model seems to be superior to the free-field model. These results are of instructive significance for design and excavation.

Using a five-floor building affected by the Yangtze River highway tunnels in Wuhan as the engineering background, we have constructed a free-field model and a coupled model to study the soil, lining, foundations and upper structure, and analyze the rules of movements of building foundation and ground induced by single tunnel and twin tunnel excavation with the Finite Element Analysis method. It is shown that for the coupled model, the longitudinal displacement of each foundation increases slowly when the tunnel face gets close to the foundation section and then increases fast when the tunnel face moves away from the foundation during the single and twin tunneling. For a single tunnel, the surface settlements are overestimated by the free-field and coupled tunnel. This might be crucial in urban areas. Regarding the maximum settlements and the width of the settlement trough, the difference between the free-field model and the coupled modal is quite obvious. This comparison with the field measurement value reveals that the coupled model seems to be superior to the free-field model. These results are of instructive significance for design and excavation.

Objective To investigate the effects of extracellular ATP on the expression of(Mi- crotubule associated proteins MAP-2)and the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury in rats. Methods Six rats were selected randomly from 66 adult healthy Wistar rats as the normal control group,the rest animals were divided into two groups after contusion injury was performed by drop weight method with Allen impactor:Group A(ATP group)and Group B(control group),each group contained thirty rats.At days 1,3,7,14,and 28 after injury,the rats were killed,the expression of MAP-2 was detected with immunohistochemistry.The expression of MAP-2 in the adjacent area was quantitatively an- alyzed with a computer image analysis system.The recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury was assessed with improved Tarlov scores.Results The expression of MAP-2 was higher in Group A than in Group B after spinal cord injury in rats.Significant difference was revealed by the expression of MAP- 2 between the two groups at days 14 and 28 after injury(P

Objective To investigate the effects ofextracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP)on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the recovery of motor function after spinalcord injury in rats. Methods Six rats were selected as the normal control group randomly from 66adult healthy Wistar rats, and the rest 60 rats were divided into 2 groups after contusion injury wasperformed by the weight drop method with Allen impactor: group A (ATP group) and group B (controlgroup), and every group contained 30 rats. At day 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after injury, the rats were killed, andthe expression of GFAP was detected with immunohistochemistry. The expression of GFAP in theadjacent area was semi-quantitatively analyzed with a computer image analysis system; the recovery ofmotor function after spinal cord injury was assessed with improved Tarlov scores. Results Theexpression of GFAP was significantly higher in group A than in Group B after spinal cord injury in rats(P<0.05), and significant difference was also revealed in the expression of GFAP between the 2 groups atday 7, 14 and 28 after injury (P<0.05). At day 14 and 28, Tarlov scores were significantly higher in groupA than in group B (P<0.05). Conclusion Extracellular ATP can promote the expression of GFAP inspinal cord, and may be helpful to the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury in rats.