This study was aimed to observe the intervention effect of oxidation/antioxidation at different time point among mice induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bleomycin. It provided experimental basis for the establishment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) animal model with qi-deficiency and phlegm-obstructing pattern with inducers mentioned above. A total of 96 mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, bleomycin group, and LPS group, with 32 mice in each group. In the bleomycin group and LPS group, 40 μL of nasal drops were given with bleomycin at the concentration of 3.75 μg/μL or LPS at the concentration of 5 μg/μL, respectively to establish the COPD animal model with qi-deficiency and phlegm-obstructing pattern. On the 1st day, 7th day, 14th day and 28th day after the model establishment, the general status and activities of mice were recorded. And traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) signs such as skin color of the four limbs, skin color under the tongue and color of the tail were also collected when the animal model was sacrificed. At each time point, 8 mice were sacrificed. The lung tissues were removed. And the contents of GSH, MDA, SOD and T-AOC were detected in the homogenate of lung tissues. The results showed that compared with the normal control group, mice in the bleomycin group had slightly dull eyes, dry hair without burnish, upright and fluffy hair, dark purple skin color of the auricle and four claws, tiredness, inactivity, occasional cough, asthma or rapid breathing. The GSH content of lung tissues on the 7th day, 14th day and 28th day was obviously reduced (P< 0.05, or P< 0.01). The MDA, SOD and T-AOC contents on the 1st day, 7th day, 14th day and 28th day were obviously reduced (P< 0.05, or P< 0.01). Compared with the normal control group, mice in the LPS group had slightly dull eyes, soft hair with slight burnish, pale red skin color of the auricle and four claws, tiredness; some mice preferred to gather. Contents of GSH and SOD in lung tissues on the 1st day and 7th day were obviously reduced (P< 0.05, or P< 0.01). Contents of MDA and T-AOC on the 1st day, 7th day and 14th day were obviously reduced (P < 0.05, or P < 0.01). It was concluded that obvious oxidation/antioxidation imbalance started on the 7th day in lung tissues of mice in the bleomycin group. It reduced later on. And the oxidation/antioxidation imbalance continued until the end of the model establishment. Obvious oxidation/antioxidation imbalance started on the 1st day in lung tissues of mice in the LPS group. However, this oxidation/antioxidation imbalance was adjusted back to normal level through time.

Objective To evaluate treatment results and prognostic factors of 47 patients withprimary urethral transitional cell carcinoma treated with post-operative adjuvant radiotherapy. Methods From October 1998 to October 2008, 47 patients with primary urethral transitional cell carcinoma received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. Thirty-one patients had stage T_3/T_4 disease, 7 had lymph node metastasis. Thirty-nine patients had G3 tumor, 13 had stump-positive. The median radiotherapy dose was 60 Gy (36-64 Gy). 81% patients (38/47) were treated with regional irradiation. Results The median follow-up time was 21 months (6 -88 months). The follow-up rate was 92%. The median overall survival time was 35 months (5 -88 months). The 2-and 5-year overall survival rates were 57% and 49%, respectively. In univariate analysis, the median overall survival time was better in patients with stage T_1 or T_2 compared with stage T_3 or T_4 tumor (42 months vs. 19 months,Χ~2 =7. 28,P=0. 007), with age of ≤65 years compared with >65 years (28 mouths vs 18 months,Χ~2 =8.23 ,P =0. 004). There was no significantdifference in the long term survival in patients with non-radical surgery compared with radical mastectomy (21 months vs. 20 months, Χ~2 = 0. 90, P = 0. 344). In multivariate analysis, the stage T_3 or T_4 (Χ~2 = 7. 89, P =0. 005), >65 years old (Χ~2 = 4.85, P = 0. 028), renal pelvis involvement (Χ~2= 5.65, P = 0. 018), and tumor located in the mid or inferior segment (Χ~2=6. 08 ,P =0. 014) were factors associated with poorer prognosis. Conclusions Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy can improve the efficacy of patients with locally advanced urethral transitional cell carcinoma. Advanced T stage and > 65 years age are associated with poorer prognosis.

Objective To analyze the outcomes of radiotherapy for 74 patients with intracranial ger-minoma. Methods Between 1990 and 2007,74 patients with intracranial germinoma(9 pathologically diag-nosed and 65 clinically diagnosed) were treated with radiotherapy in our hospital. The median age at diagno-sis was 15 (range 5-45) years. Radiation treatment fields varied among patients, including craniospinal irra-diation(CSI), whole brain irradiation, whole ventricular irradiation with primary tumor boost, and involved-field irradiation only to the primary tumor plus margin. The dose was 38.5 -50.0 Gy to the tumor,18-25 Gy to the whole brain/ventricular,and 21-25 Gy to the whole spinal cord in fractions of 1.6-2.0 Gy per day,5 fractions per week. Results The median follow-up time was 80(range 12-168) months and the fol-low-up rate was 97%. Fourteen patients had been followed up for over 10 years. The 1-,5- and 10-year o-verall survival rates were 99% ,96% and 93%. The corresponding disease free survival rates were 97%, 90% and 83%, respectively. Relapses occurred in 9 patients. For the 6 patients with in-field relapse, the dose to the tumor was 38.5-40.0 Gy in 3 patients, 41-45 Gy in 2 and 46-50 Gy in 1. Relapse in the spinal cord was found in 3 patients and none of them received spinal irradiation. Twenty-one patients re-quired hormonal replacement therapy because of radiation induced hypofunction of prehypophysis. Conclu-sions Radiotherapy alone is a curative treatment for intracranial germinoma. The proper dose should be de-termined by tumor numbers and the examination of cerebrospinal fluid.

Objective To study the efficacy,late complications and prognostic factors of postopera-tive radiotherapy for bladder cancer: Methods Between July 1995 and January 21307,109 patients with primary bladder cancer who had received adjuvant pelvic radiation therapy were retrospectively analyzed. The age ranged from 41 to 94 (median 68) years. There were 29 patients with T1 disease,60 with T2,17 with T3, 3 with T4, and 7 with positive lymph node. Three-dimensional radiotherapy was given with a median total dose of 49.2 Gy(39.3 -62.2 Gy) in conventional fractionation after surgery. Field-in-field intensity modu-lated radiotherapy was given to 57 patients. Results The total follow-up rate was 98% ,with a median fol-low up time of 36(2-144) months. The 1-,3- and 5-year local control rate was 63% ,47% and 42% ,respec-tively. The 1-,3- and 5-year overall survival rate was 80% ,48% and 37% ,respectively. Among the 109 pa-tients,33 died of tumor progression or metastasis,42 showed local recurrence,and 22 had lymph node metas-tasis. According to the RTOG criteria,grade 1,2,3 and 4 radiation related early urological side effects were 22% ,59% ,12% and 1% ,respectively;The corresponding late urological side effects were 29% ,28% ,2% and 1%, respectively. Two patients underwent whole bladder cystectomy due to the radiation related side effects. Conclusions Postoperative three-dimensional radiotherapy, achieving high response rate with tol-erable side effects, can be offered as an alternative option to the radical cystectomy in the bladder conserving treatment.

Objective To analyze the efficacy,late complications and prognostic factors of post-op-erative radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Methods From Nov. 1999 to Feb. 2005,114 patients with cervi-cal cancer received adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The median age was 42.5 (24 to 72) years old. According to the FIGO staging system,6,51,18,26 and 13 pa-tients had stage ⅠA, Ⅰb1, Ⅰb2, ⅡA and ⅡBdisease. The pathological type was squamous cell carcinoma,ade-nocarcinoma, squamous-adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma in 92,19,2 and 1 patients, respec-tively. The whole-pelvic external beam irradiation of 50 Gy (40 to 60 Gy) was given with 6 MV or 15 MV X-ray beams using four-field box technique. Eighty-one patients received intravaginal brachytherapy of 16 Gy (4 -30 Gy in 1 -6 fractions) 4 weeks after the beginning of radiotherapy, with the referrence point being at 0.5 cm under the vaginal mucosa. Eighty-seven patients received preoperative and/or concurrent chemother-apy. The survival and independent prognostic factors were analyzed by Log-rank method and Cox model. Results The median follow-up time was 26.0 (5 - 75) months. The overall survival rate, disease-free sur-rival rate and local control rate were 93.1%, 88.1% and 94.6% at 2-year, and 75.7%, 62.3% and 85.6% at 5-year,respectively. The independent prognostic factors were lymph node metastasis and positive surgical margin for overall survival, positive surgical margin for local control, and stage, uterine body invasion and positive surgical margin for disease-free survival. Sixteen patients ( 14% ) had distant metastasis, and the most common sites were the lung,inguinal region,bone,liver and brain. According to RTOG grading sys-tem, the incidence of late gastrointestinal side effects of grade 1,2 and 3 was 11.4%, 11.4% and 3.5%. The corresponding genitourinary side effects were 14.0% ,6.1% and 0.9%, respectively. The incidence of leg lymphedema was 7 % . Conclusions Post - operative radiotherapy can achieve good local control in cervical cancer with acceptable late side effects. Distant metastasis is the main cause of death.

Objective To investigate the effects of supreme laryngeal mask airway (SLMA) and endotracheal intubation on the elderly hypertensive patients treated with knee arthroplasty. Methods Forty cases of elderly hypertensive patients ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ treated with knee arthroplasty in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into laryngeal mask airway group (group LMA)and endotracheal intubation (group TT),20 cases for each group.The same protocol for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia was used.After the patients entering,the changes of SpO2 and ECG were performed continuous noninvasive monitoring and SBP,DBP and HR were performed con-tinuous invasive monitoring.SBP,DBP and HR of two groups were recorded at different time points:before anesthesia induction (T0 ,based value),at intubation immediate (T1 ),5 mins after intubation (T2 )and 1 5 mins after intubation (T3 ).At the same time,the content of cortisol (Cor),atrial natri-uretic peptide (ANP)and the concentration of epinephrine (E)and norepinephrine (NE)were meas-ured at the corresponding time points above.Results Compared with T0 ,SBP and DBP at T1-T3 in group LMA were decreased(P <0.05 or P <0.01);SBP and DBP at T1 in group TT were increased while decreased at T2 ,T3 ,HR at T1 were increased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ).Compared with group LMA,SBP and DBP at T1-T3 and HR at T1 ,T2 in group TT were increased (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Compared with T0 and group LMA,the content of E,NE and Cor at T1-T3 increased(P <0.05 or P <0.01).The level of ANP in both groups at T1-T3 were higher than those at T0 ,and group TT were higher than group LMA(P <0.01).Conclusion Compared to endotracheal intubation,SLAM can ef-fectively reduce the stress reaction of elderly hypertensive patients treated with general anesthesia in knee arthroplasty.

Objective To execute experimental study injection rate and volumetric error and to explore their correlations with sizes of injectors and extension tube,so as to lay a foundation for the quality control of the injection pump.Methods Simulation experiment was carried out with involving in 10,20 and 50 ml of injectors and 80 and 120 cm extension tubes,and 6 kinds of connection systems were formed with auxiliary appliances.The injection rate and flow reading of the flow meter were obtained and then compared with the set values,and the correlations were proved between sizes of auxiliary appliances and the precision of injection dose and rate.Results In case other conditions kept the same,the injector with larger capacity behaved better in controlling injection rate and dose,and the shorter extension tube gained advantages over the longer one in regulating the precision for injection and injection dose.Conclusion The experiment contributes to the selection of auxiliary appliances and the enhancement of quality control,and the further research provides references for process design and materials selection of the injector.

The current situation of medical equipment management informatization was introduced in China,and its deficiencies were described in standard,top-level design,data island and etc.A development strategy divided into preliminary,intermediate and advanced levels was put forward,which used business support,data fusion and iterative analysis as the tools.The steps and methods for medical equipment management informatization were studied,and it's pointed out industrial informatization was of great significance to enhance the quality,efficacy and ability of medical equipment management.

OBJECTIVETo observe effects of Ligustrazine on serum S100p protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in elderly patients undergoing orthopedics operations.

METHODSTotally 60 patients undergoing selective total hip replacement, 65-80 years old, who were in line with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I or II, were randomly assigned to the Ligustrazine group (Group L) and the normal saline control group (Group S). The right internal jugular vein catheters were placedcephalad and ensured theirs tips in jugular venous bulbs after anesthesia induction and tracheal intubation. Patients in Group L received 2 mg/kg Ligustrazine Injection (40 drops within one minute) and those inGroup S received equal volume of normal saline via central veins before operations. Other medicines were the same for all patients during and after operation. Five millimeter blood sample was collected frominternal jugular venous bulbs before operation (T0), 24 h (T1), 72 h (T2), 168 h (7th day, T3) after operation. Serum was collected after centrifuge. S100β protein and NSE concentration were analyzed usingELISA. Mini-mental state examinations (MMSE) were scored by the same doctor at T0, T1, T2, and T3,respectively.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in MMSE scores, serum S1000 protein, or NSE at TO (P > 0.05). Compared with TO, S100 P protein and NSE concentration increased and MMSE scores decreased at T1, T2, and T3 in the two groups. All indices except S100P protein and NSE at T3 were statistically different between Group L and Group S (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSerum S100P protein and NSE could be changed by pre-operation injecting Ligustrazine at certain dose in elderly patients undergoing orthopedics operations.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Humans ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; blood ; Pyrazines ; therapeutic use ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; blood

Objective:To explore the relationship between mobile phone addiction and perceived stress, negative emotion, social support and psychological capital in college students, especially to clarify the internal mechanism of these variables.Methods:A total of 836 college students were investigated with mobile phone addiction index scale, positive psychological capital questionnaire, stress perception scale, positive and negative emotion scale and perceived social support scale.SPSS 22.0 software was used for correlation analysis and SPSS-PROCESS was used to analyze the mediating effect and moderating effect.Results:(1)The scores of psychological capital and perceived stress were(123.38±17.96)and(38.76±6.39)respectively, and the scores of negative emotion, social support and mobile phone addiction were(22.46±6.45), (63.36±12.40)and(39.31±10.01)respectively.Psychological capital was negatively correlated with perceived stress, negative emotion and mobile phone addiction( r=-0.66, -0.37, -0.28, all P<0.01).Perceived stress was positively correlated with negative emotion and mobile phone addiction( r=0.50, 0.38, both P<0.01).Social support was positively correlated with psychological capital( r=0.50, P<0.01), while negatively correlated with perceived stress, negative emotion and mobile phone addiction( r=-0.41, -0.30, -0.12, all P<0.01).(2)Psychological capital influenced mobile phone addiction by the mediating effect of perceived stress( β=-0.20, SE=0.03, 95% CI: -0.27--0.13).In addition, psychological capital influenced mobile phone addiction through the chain mediating effect of perceived stress and negative emotion( β=-0.04, SE=0.01, 95% CI: -0.06--0.01).Moreover, the mediating effect of psychological capital on stress perception was moderated by social support. Conclusion:Perceived stress and negative emotion are important mediations between psychological capital and mobile phone addiction.Social support can moderate the effect of psychological capital on perceived stress.