Neural stem cells in brains have capacities of proliferation and differentiation, which is very critical to rebuild the cerebral cortex functions. Therefore, it is of great importance to find key targets and network pathways that regulate the proliferation of neural stem cells, which is also a pressing problem in the medical circle. With the Notch pathway as the core of the network, this paper summarized the advance of the bimolecular network system composed of Wnt, Shh, EGFR, cytokines and Notch signal, and analyzed such key nodes as Notch receptor, CBF1, NICD, Hesl, which may become potential targets of new-type drugs in the future. With the multi-component, multi-target, multi-lever characteristics, traditional Chinese medicines have many common grounds with the network pharmacology. The active component groups or active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines are one of the material bases for showing their network pharmacological effect, which is worth exploring. This paper aims to provide a new strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease and nerve injury with traditional Chinese medicines.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Systems Biology

OBJECTIVEThis study was to explore the differences in the nucleoprotein gene between rabies virus (RABV) and its vaccine strains in Guizhou province from year 2005 to 2010.

METHODSSamples from 4 rabies patients and cerebral tissue samples of 28 rabies infected dogs were collected from different districts in Guizhou province between year 2005 and 2010. Direct Immunofluorescence Assay (DFA) and RT-nested PCR assay were applied to detect the overall length of N gene sequence. Meanwhile, based on the comparison between the homology and phylogenetic tree, the differences in N gene sequence between the prevalent RABV and the RABV vaccine strains collected from NCBI database in these years.

RESULTSAccording to DFA and RT-nested PCR assay, the antigen and nucleic acid of the 21 dogs and 4 human samples were both confirmed positive; whose full length of N gene sequences were both 1353 bp. The homological analysis showed that the 25 strains of RABV virus and the RABV type I virus stored by GenBank database shared a high homology in N gene nucleotide and amino acid sequences, which were 89%-100% and 98%-100%, respectively. Besides, the homology between the 25 strains of RABV virus and its vaccines in nucleotide and amino acid sequences were separately 86%-95% and 96%-100%. The N gene of vaccines for livestock shared the highest homology with HEP-Flury strain in the nucleotide and amino acid, which were 88%-89% and 98%-99%, respectively. The vaccines for human use showed its greatest homology with the CTN strain in nucleotide (86%-100%) and amino acid (96%-100%). The phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the 25 strains of RABV virus, RABV type I virus and the CTN vaccine strains constituted one individual cluster, which was least different from the CTN vaccine for human use.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalent RABV virus, the vaccine HEP-Flury for livestock and the vaccine CTN for human use were found to be highly similar in N gene expression in Guizhou province from 2005 to 2010.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Dogs ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleoproteins ; genetics ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Rabies ; veterinary ; virology ; Rabies Vaccines ; genetics ; Rabies virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

To analyze 25 nucleoprotein gene (N gene) sequences of rabies viruses circulating in Guizhou province during 2005-2010, China, and to explore the epidemic characteristics and the probable mutant of rabies in Guizhou Province. Rabies virus RNA in human brain tissues, human saliva, and domestic dog brain tissues derived from different prefectures of Guizhou Province were detected with RT-nested PCR, and the amplified products were then sequenced. Bioinformatics software was used to determine the genetic characteristics of these rabies viruses. The sequences of N gene of 25 Guizhou provincial isolates were identical with homogeny between 97.5% - 99.3% and 98.4% - 99.8% at nucleotide and deduced amino acid level, respectively, while the identities between them and isolated strains from other province of China were 88% - 99.1% and 88% - 99.7%. There were several amino acid substitutions in the nucleoprotein of 25 Guizhou isolates compared with the known genotype 1 isolates. The analysis of phylogenetic tree of 25 Guizhou isolates was demonstrated to be genetically divided into two groups, indicating that the virus presented a unique characteristics in geographic distribution and in a time dependent-manner. And phylogenetic tree of 25 Guizhou isolates and 7 genotype 1 strains isolated from other Province of China was also divided into two groups, which were further composed of several subgroups, respectively. From these observations, the rabies viruses derived from Guizhou province were still genotype 1. These isolates of rabies virus were diverged from the strains isolated from other provinces in both gene sequences and deduced amino acid sequences, and these divergences were characterized in geographic distribution and in a time-dependent manner.
Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Dog Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology ; Dogs ; Genotype ; Humans ; Nucleoproteins ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Rabies ; epidemiology ; veterinary ; virology ; Rabies virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; methods

OBJECTIVETo comparatively study complete dislocation of acromioclavicular joint treated with three different methods.

METHODSA total of 96 patients (81 males and 15 females, aged 16-59 years, mean=45 years) with complete dislocation of acromioclavicular joint were treated with Dewar's operation (Group A, n=32), internal fixation with Kirschner tension band wires (Group B, n=44), or internal fixation with Wolter plates (Group C, n=20), respectively, in this study. Eighty-five patients suffered from acute dislocations and eleven from chronic dislocations.

RESULTSThe patients were followed up for 50 months on an average. According to Karlsson's standard, in Group A, 26 patients were assessed as good, 5 as fair and 1 as poor. In Group B, 20 patients were assessed as good, 13 as fair and 11 as poor. In Group C, 15 patients were assessed as good, 4 as fair and 1 as poor. The good and fair rates were significantly different between Group A and Group B, and between Group C and Group B, but no statistical difference was found between Group A and Group C. The operating time was (52.36+/-7.24) minutes, (67.43+/-8.11) minutes and (69.73+/-8.04) minutes in Groups A, B and C, respectively. And the hospitalizing fees were (2400+/-270) yuan, (2100+/-190) yuan and (8450+/-360) yuan in Groups A, B and C, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSDewar's operation is a good and safe method with shorter operating time and lower hospitalizing fee for treating complete dislocation of acromioclavicular joint. The method is simple without the need of a second operation to remove the implants and with few complications.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Wires ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDEmergence agitation is a common problem in pediatric anesthesia, especially after sevoflurane induction and maintenance anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sufentanil to reduce emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy compared with fentanyl.

METHODSOne hundred and five children, aged 3 - 11 years, were randomly allocated to receive normal saline (control group), sufentanil 0.2 µg/kg (S2) or fentanyl 2 µg/kg (F2) 1 minute after loss of the eyelash reflex. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane. Time to tracheal extubation, recovery time, Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale, and emergence behavior were assessed.

RESULTSThe incidence of severe agitation was significantly lower in S2 and F2 groups vs. the control group, 4/32 and 15/34 vs. 24/34 respectively, (P = 0.002, 0.009, respectively). PAED scales were significantly different among three groups (P = 0.007), and lower in the S2 and F2 groups than in the control group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.025, respectively). And the incidence of severe agitation and the PAED scale score was significantly different between the S2 and F2 groups (P = 0.007, P = 0.019, respectively). Time to tracheal extubation and recovery time were similar in all three groups.

CONCLUSIONSAdministration of sufentanil at 0.2 µg/kg after induction of anesthesia reduced emergence agitation in children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy compared with fentanyl. This was without delaying the recovery time or causing significant hypotension.

Adenoidectomy ; methods ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fentanyl ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Methyl Ethers ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Psychomotor Agitation ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Sufentanil ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of crystalline NiS on genome DNA methylation profile in in vitro cultured cells.

METHODS16HBE Cells were treated with crystalline NiS at 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 µg/cm(2) for 24 h and three times at total. DAC treatment was given at 3 µmol/L for 72 h.5-mC immunofluorescence and SssI methyltransferase assay methods were applied to investigate if the hypomethylation of genome DNA involved.

RESULTSThe results of 5-mC immunofluorescence showed that the fluorescence intensity of NiS-treated cells were decreased in some degree, and transformed cells were decreased dramatically. By the SssI methylase assay, an average of (81.9 ± 7.3)% methylated CpG were found in negative control cells. By contrast, (77.9 ± 6.2)%, (75.3 ± 6.8)%, (59.5 ± 4.9)%, (67.4 ± 5.1)% methylated CpG were observed in cells treated with NiS for three times at dosage of 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 µg/cm(2) which were abbreviated as NiS0.25, NiS0.50, NiS1.00, NiS2.00 respectively. The ANOVA analysis results showed that there was a significant difference in the 5 groups above (F = 124.95, P < 0.01). The results of Dunnett-t test showed that the methylated CpG of both group NiS1.00 and NiS2.00 were significantly decreased compared with the negative control group (t values were 7.64, 4.89 respectively, P < 0.01). For methylated CpG, (46.2 ± 4.1)% and (43.6% ± 4.3)% were observed in NiS-transformed cells (NSTC1 and NSTC2) which were dramatically decreased compared with the negative control group (t values were 12.79, 13.56 respectively, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONGenomic DNA methylation levels were decreased during NiS induced malignant transformation.

Bronchi ; cytology ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; chemically induced ; DNA Methylation ; drug effects ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; Genome ; Humans ; Nickel ; adverse effects ; chemistry

Objective To understand the characteristics of nasal prongs or nasal mask for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome ( RDS ) .Methods Ninety-three RDS preterm infants from August 2012 to June 2013 were chosen and divided into the nasal prong group (n=48) or nasal mask group (n=45) according to the random number table .The nasal prong group received the short binasal prongs as the connection interface , and the nasal mask group received the nasal mask .The parameters including fraction of inspiration O 2 ( FiO2 ) were adjusted according to transcutaneous oxygen saturation monitoring or blood gas analysis , and the various parameters and incidence rate of adverse reaction were recorded.Results After 12-24 h of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, the level of pH, PaCO2, FiO2 , abdominal distension , the average time of non-invasive ventilation and the failure cases of non-invasive ventilation were respectively (7.32 ±0.06), (48.2 ±9.0) mmHg, (0.39 ±0.08), 3 cases, (54.1 ± 16.8) h and 12 cases in the nasal prong group, and were (7.31 ±0.07), (47.2 ±10.2) mmHg, (0.38 ± 0.08), 5 cases, (54.8 ±13.6) h and 9 cases in the nasal mask group, and the differences were not statistically significant (t/χ2 =0.169, 0.484, 0.464, 0.217, -0.226, 0.332, respectively;P>0.05).The total numbers of falling off and leaking gas were respectively 89 and 352 in the nasal prong group , and were lower than 48 and 489 in the nasal mask group, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =8.898, 44.644, respectively;P<0.05).No difference was found in the incidence rate of nasal injury between two groups (χ2 =0.009,P>0.05).But the sites of nasal injury between two groups were significant different , and the sites of nasal injury in the nasal prong group were almost around the medial aspect of the nasal septum and the columella, and were around the junction of the nasal septum and philtrum and the glabella in the nasal mask group.Conclusions The nasal prongs fall off more easily than nasal masks , and the nasal mask leaks more easily than nasal prongs , but there are no significant differences in the duration and the failure rate of noninvasive ventilation between the two types of connection interfaces .The incidence rate and degree of nasal injury causes by the nasal prongs or nasal mask are similar , but the sites of nasal injury are different .

OBJECTIVETo investigate DNA methylation variation in human cells induces by B(a)P, and to explore the role of PARP1 during this process.

METHODSThe changes of DNA methylation of 16HBE and its PARP1-deficient cells exposed to B(a)P (1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 30.0 µmol/L) were investigated by immunofluorescence and high performance capillary electrophoresis, and simultaneously, the expression level of PARP 1 and DNMT 1 were monitored dynamically.

RESULTSThe percentage of methylated DNA of overall genome (mCpG%) in 16HBE and 16HBE-shPARP1 cells were separately (4.04 ± 0.08)% and (9.69 ± 0.50)%. After being treated by 5-DAC for 72 hours, mCpG% decreased to (3.15 ± 0.14)% and (6.07 ± 0.54)%. After both being exposed to B(a)P for 72 hours, the mCpG% in 16HBE group (ascending rank) were separately (5.10 ± 0.13), (4.25 ± 0.10), (3.91 ± 0.10), (4.23 ± 0.27), (3.70 ± 0.15), (3.08 ± 0.07); while the figures in 16HBE-shPARP1 group (ascending rank) were respectively (10.63 ± 0.60), (13.08 ± 0.68), (9.75 ± 0.55), (7.32 ± 0.67), (6.90 ± 0.49) and (6.27 ± 0.21). The difference of the results was statistically significant (F values were 61.67 and 60.91, P < 0.01). For 16HBE group, expression of PARP 1 and DNMT 1 were 141.0%, 158.0%, 167.0%, 239.0%, 149.0%, 82.9% and 108.0%, 117.0%, 125.0%, 162.0%, 275.0%, 233.0% comparing with the control group, whose difference also has statistical significance (t values were 11.45, 17.32, 32.24, 33.44, 20.21 and 9.87, P < 0.01). For 16HBE-shPARP1 group, expression of PARP 1 and DNMT 1 were 169.0%, 217.0%, 259.0%, 323.0%, 321.0%, 256.0% and 86.0%, 135.0%, 151.0%, 180.0%, 229.0%, 186.0% comparing with the control group, with statistical significance (t values were 9.06, 15.92, 22.68, 26.23, 37.19 and 21.15, P < 0.01). When the dose of B(a)P reached 5.0 µmol/L, the mRNA expression of DNMT 1 in 16HBE group (ascending rank) were 125.0%, 162.0%, 275.0%, 233.0% times of it in control group, with statistical significance (t values were 12.74, 24.92, 55.11, 59.07, P < 0.01); while the dose of B(a)P reached 2.0 µmol/L, the mRNA expression of DNMT 1 in 16HBE-shPARP1 group were 135.0%, 151.0%, 180.0%, 229.0%, 186.0% of the results in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t values were 23.82, 40.17, 32.69, 74.85, 46.76, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe hypomethylation of 16HBE cells induced by B(a)P might be one important molecular phenomenon in its malignant transformation process. It suggests that PARP1 could regulate DNA methylation by inhibiting the enzyme activity of DNMT1, and this effect could be alleviated by PARP1-deficiency.

Benzo(a)pyrene ; adverse effects ; Cell Line ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1 ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Methylation ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo screen breast cancer resistance protein BCRP-mediated resistance agents and to investigate the relations between BCRP expression and drug resistance.

METHODSMT assay was performed to screen BCRP-mediated resistant agents with established BCRP expression cell model. While, the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was administrated to measure the related dosage of intracellular retention resistant agents. The BCRP expression was investigated by both real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay in 140 clinical breast cancer tissue specimens. Chemosensitivity to resistant agents for clinical breast cancer tissue specimens was analyzed by MT assay. The Nonparametric variance statistics method was used to analyze the correlations between clinical breast cancer tissue of BCRP expression and drug resistance.

RESULTSMT assay showed that increasing resistance of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) climbed with the increases of the BCRP expressions by 10.58 times (P < 0.05, n = 3) in cell model. HPLC assay also proved that a significant negative correlation between the intracellular retention dose of 5-Fu with different expression of BCRP (r = -0.897, P < 0.05, n = 3). Forty-seven tissue specimens of BCRP-positive expression were rapidly determined by using both real-time RT-PCR and IHC in 140 clinical breast cancer tissue specimens. Subsequently, the resistance index (RI) for 47 BCRP-positive clinical breast cancer tissues to 5-Fu was shown from 7 to 12 times compared with normal cancer-side tissues through MT assay. The statistical correlation between BCRP expression and 5-Fu resistance was observed in clinical breast cancer tissue specimens (R2 = 0.8124, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThis study results showed that there is a significant relationship between BCRP expression and 5-Fu resistance. Moreover, the results suggest that the chemotherapy scheme could be optimized on BCRP-positive expression breast cancer patients.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adult ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective To compare the effect of laparoscopic and open surgery in treatment of rectal cancer. Methods 80 cases of patients with rectal cancer from May 2008 to May 2013 were selected, they were randomly divided into laparoscopy surgery group (n = 40) and open surgery group (n = 40), the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of incision, lymph node dissection, number for the first time, ventilation time, ambulation time, hospitalization time, cost of hospitalization, postoperative complications, treatment satisfaction of the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results The operation time of the laparoscopic surgery group was significantly longer (P < 0.05), the amount of bleeding was significantly less (P < 0.05), the incision length was significantly shorter (P < 0.05), the first time, ventilation time, ambulation time, hospitalization time were significantly shorter (P < 0.05), the hospitalization cost was significantly higher (P < 0.05), the rate of postoperative complications 15.0% (6/40) was significantly lower than the open surgery group 35.0% (14/40) (P < 0.05) 97.5% (39/40), the treatment satisfaction was significantly higher than the open surgery group 67.5% (27/40)(P < 0.05). Conclusion The effect of laparoscopic and open surgery in treatment of rectal cancer is better than open surgery.