SUMMARY To summarize the experience of managing substernal goiter by totally endoscopic procedure and evaluate the curative effect , we analysed eight patients diagnosed as substernal goiter type Ⅰ and treated with totally endoscopic technique via central routing approach during March 2011 to June 2013 in Beijing Shijitan Hospital retrospectively .The feasibility , safety and curative effect of this surgical tech-nique were estimated .All the cases were successfully operated with the totally endoscopic procedure , and the pathological result showed that 6 were goiter and the other 2 were minimal papillary carcinoma .None of the patients suffered from any complication , and the median follow up time was 6 months ( 1 -28 months) .The totally endoscopic technique is a feasible , safe and cosmic one for managing substernal goiter type Ⅰ.

Objective:To Search allele loss in glioma at chromesome 9p21-22 by microsatellite.Methods:Loss of heterozy gosi ty (LOH) and Microsatellite instability(MSI) was examined in 29 gliomas using PC R based methods.Results:No LOH and MSI on chromosome 9p21-22 was de tected in 29 gliomas at three loci.Conclusion:①There may be no othe r suppressor gene at 9p21-22 in glioma except p15 and p16.②MSI is infrequent i n sporadic gliomas.

Background Apurinic apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is an important enzyme in the repair of reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage,and its expression/activation can be induced by reactive oxygen species.The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between multiple-organ injuries and expression of Ref-1 in the early period after liver transplantation.Methods One hundred and fifty adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups:liver transplantation,sham surgery,and untreated control.After liver transplantation,animals were sacrificed at different time points.Hepatic and renal functions were analyzed by serology.Histology,apoptotic levels,and Ref-1 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry in the liver,kidneys,intestines,and lungs.Results Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase peaked 6 hours after liver transplantation and decreased appreciably after 12 hours in the transplantation group,suggesting that the degree of liver injury in the early period after transplantation peaked at 6 hours and then decreased.Pathological analyses showed that hepatic tissues were more severely injured in the transplantation group than in the sham and untreated groups.A considerable number of infiltrating inflammatory cells was observed around the portal vein in the transplantation group.Injuries to the kidneys,intestines,and lungs were milder after liver transplantation.Apoptotic levels increased after liver transplantation in all four organs examined.Ref-1 expression was higher in the transplantation group in the early period after liver transplantation than in the sham surgery and untreated control groups.Conclusion Ref-1 expression induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury may have a critical role in repairing multiple-organ injuries after liver transplantation.

Astrocytes can regulate synaptic transmission by releasing gliotransmitter, and also can promote synaptogenesis and neurogenesis by releasing estrogen, thrombospondins, IL-1beta and IL-6. Astrocytes may play critical roles in neural nutrition and neuroprotection, so that it might be a new target for treatment of certain central nervous system diseases.
Astrocytes ; physiology ; Estrogens ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Neurogenesis ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; physiology ; Thrombospondins ; metabolism

Objective To summarize the experience of totally endoscopic thyroidectomy (TET) in treating differentiated thyroid carcinoma and to evaluate its feasibility, safety and the therapeutic result.Methods The clinical data of 25 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated with TET via the areola of breast or by axillary approach from November 2004 to July 2009 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Result TET procedures were successfully performed in all 25 cases. Postoperative pathology confirmed that 23 cases were of papillary cancer and the other 2 were follicle cancer. Lobectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy were performed in 11and 14 cases respectively. In 7 cases additional lymph node dissection was performed.All the cases were followed-up, ranging from 5 to 58 months, with a median of 28 months. No recurrence was found during this period. There was no morbidity nor major complications and patients were all satisfied with the cosmetic effect. Conclusion Totally endoscopic thyroidectomy (TET) is curative, safe and cosmetic therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo summarize clinical results of the microdecompression for the treatment of intraforaminal lumbar disc herniations.

METHODSFrom September 2005 to May 2013,16 patients( 12 males, 4 females)with intraforaminal lumbar disc herniations underwent microdecompression, ranging in age from 32 to 56 years old with a mean of 38.6 years old. The lumbar disc herniations were located at L(3,4). in one patient, L(4,5) in 10 cases and L5S1 in 5 cases.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 20 to 48 months, with a mean period of 36 months. According to Macnab evaluation, 12 cases got an excellent result, 4 good. No apparent complications related to the technique occurred. Satisfactory clinical results were obtained in this series.

CONCLUSIONMicrodecompression may be particularly useful in the treatment of intraforaminal lumbar disc herniations. The microdecompression procedures are more likely to be well tolerated by older patients.

Adult ; Decompression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Treatment Outcome

Complete healing of the intestinal mucosa is the most ideal goal in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The intestinal mucosa healing not only significantly alters the course of the disease and relieves clinical symptoms, but also markedly reduces the occurrence of complications and prevents recurrence of IBD. As chronic inflammation associated with peptic ulcer damage is the main pathological feature of IBD, clinical treatment is mainly based on anti-inflammatory therapy, but such therapy cannot promote the healing of the intestinal mucosa of patients. Therefore, how to achieve long-term remission of IBD is still an urgent challenge. In the process of intestinal mucosal repair, the polarization of macrophages maintains the homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment, which is a representative process that promotes mucosal inflammatory-repair. It is a key part of initiating tissue regeneration that should not be underestimated. In this paper, we reviewed the literature of the past decade, focusing on the promotion of intestinal mucosal healing in IBD. The discussion will highlight the importance and feasibility of regulating macrophages to promote intestinal mucosal repair. Following this thought, we discuss the shortcomings of current clinical treatments and summarize the relevant drugs which have potential to promote intestinal mucosal repair. The aim is to provide effective potential drugs and therapeutic targets for the treatment of IBD.

OBJECTIVETo establish a long-term proliferation culture system for mouse spermatogonial stem cells.

METHODSTestis tissues were obtained from 30 newborn male ICR mice on postnatal day 2-6. Testis cell suspension was collected by two-step enzymatic digestion prior to culture. The dissociated cells were aliquoted into tissue culture plates and cultivated with a modified system composed of serum-free defined medium on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) feeders. Their proliferation was determined by the BrdU incorporation test and the cultured cells identified by alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR assay.

RESULTSThe cultures remained in a steady state and continued to generate germ cell colonies. The undifferentiated state was confirmed by strong positivity for AP activity, immunofluorescent staining of GFRalpha-1+ /Oct-4+ /VASA+ /SCP3- and GFRalpha-1+ /Oct-4+/SCP3- at the gene expression levels.

CONCLUSIONMouse spermatogonial stem cells could be expanded in our defined culture system and passaged steadily in vitro. The harvested cells remained in an undifferentiated state, which has provided a good platform for the study of spermatogenesis in vitro.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Spermatogonia ; cytology ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the time dependent antioxidation changes of serum and sciatic nerve in rats intoxicated with acrylamide.

METHODSMale Wistar rats weighing 180 to 220 g were given acrylamide dissolved in physiological saline (40 mg/kg ip 3 days/week). The control groups received normal saline. The gait was observed and antioxidant indexes of rat serum and sciatic nerve were determined on 0, second, fourth, sixth, 10th week.

RESULTSWith the extension of the intoxication period, compared with the control, the contents of glutathione in serum and sciatic nerve gradually decreased (P < 0.05; after 6 and 10 weeks to 92% and 77%; after 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks to 92%, 82%, 67% and 66%); the levels of malondialdehyde gradually increased (P < 0.05; after 4, 6 and 10 weeks to 113%, 118% and 120%; after 4, 6 and 10 weeks to 153%, 167%, 174%); the abilities of the resistance to reactive oxygen species gradually decreased (P < 0.05; after 10 weeks to 82%; after 6 and 10 weeks to 76% and 71%); the activities of glutathione peroxidase gradually increased (P < 0.05; after 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks to 122%, 130%, 160% and 124%; after 4, 6 and 10 weeks to 134%, 152% 164%); the activities of glutathione reductase increased at early stage (P < 0.01; after 4 and 6 weeks to 300% and 217%; after 4 weeks to 142%) and decreased later (P < 0.01; 6 and 10 weeks to 59% and 33% in sciatic nerve); the activities of superoxide dismutase increased primitively (P < 0.05; after 2 weeks to 110%; after 4 weeks to 124%) and decreased later (P < 0.05; after 10 weeks to 85% in serum). The changes of antioxidant indexes in serum and sciatic nerve according to gait score were similar. The level of MDA in serum was in high correlation (P < 0.01) with that in sciatic nerve. The regression coefficients were 0.99 and 0.96 according to the administration time and gait score respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe changes of the antioxidant indexes in serum and sciatic nerve of rat treated with acrylamide are time dependent. The changes in serum and sciatic nerve are similar but those in sciatic nerve are more remarkable.

Acrylamide ; toxicity ; Animals ; Glutathione ; blood ; metabolism ; Glutathione Reductase ; blood ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; blood ; metabolism ; Sciatic Nerve ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of lesion size on the detection rate of non-palpable breast malignant lesions and determine whether lesion size should prompt biopsy of non-palpable breast lesions.

METHODSThe study included 816 ultrasonographically detected non-palpable breast lesions. We divided the lesions into five groups based on their largest diameters: ≤0.5cm, 0.6-1.0cm, 1.1-1.5cm, 1.6-2.0 cm, and >2.0 cm. The detection rate of malignancies of different sizes were compared among these lesions, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 2-3 lesions, and BI-RADS grades 4-5 lesions. The feasibility of using lesion size as biopsy indicator for BI-RADS category 2-3 non-palpable breast lesion was analyzed using ROC curve.

RESULTSOf these 816 lesions, 100 (12.3%) were found to be malignant lesions. The detection rate of malignancy significantly increased along with the increase of lesion size (P<0.05). When the BI-RADS category was not considered, the frequency of malignancy in the >2.0 cm group was significantly higher than in other groups (P<0.05) The frequencies of malignancy in the 0.6-1.0 cm group, 1.1-1.5 cm group, and 1.6-2.0 cm group were higher than that in ≤0.5 cm group, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05) For BI RADS category 4 and 5 lesions, the frequency of malignancy in >2.0 cm group was higher than in other groups, but significant difference was only seen between >2.0 cm group and ≤0.5 cm group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSLesion size may influence the detection rate of malignancy of non palpable breast lesions, and can be used as biopsy indicator of non palpable breast lesions in BI-RADS 2,3 category When we use 1.25cm as threshold,the sensitivity and specificity may be satisfying.

Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography, Mammary