This study was aimed to observe the intervention effect of oxidation/antioxidation at different time point among mice induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bleomycin. It provided experimental basis for the establishment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) animal model with qi-deficiency and phlegm-obstructing pattern with inducers mentioned above. A total of 96 mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, bleomycin group, and LPS group, with 32 mice in each group. In the bleomycin group and LPS group, 40 μL of nasal drops were given with bleomycin at the concentration of 3.75 μg/μL or LPS at the concentration of 5 μg/μL, respectively to establish the COPD animal model with qi-deficiency and phlegm-obstructing pattern. On the 1st day, 7th day, 14th day and 28th day after the model establishment, the general status and activities of mice were recorded. And traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) signs such as skin color of the four limbs, skin color under the tongue and color of the tail were also collected when the animal model was sacrificed. At each time point, 8 mice were sacrificed. The lung tissues were removed. And the contents of GSH, MDA, SOD and T-AOC were detected in the homogenate of lung tissues. The results showed that compared with the normal control group, mice in the bleomycin group had slightly dull eyes, dry hair without burnish, upright and fluffy hair, dark purple skin color of the auricle and four claws, tiredness, inactivity, occasional cough, asthma or rapid breathing. The GSH content of lung tissues on the 7th day, 14th day and 28th day was obviously reduced (P< 0.05, or P< 0.01). The MDA, SOD and T-AOC contents on the 1st day, 7th day, 14th day and 28th day were obviously reduced (P< 0.05, or P< 0.01). Compared with the normal control group, mice in the LPS group had slightly dull eyes, soft hair with slight burnish, pale red skin color of the auricle and four claws, tiredness; some mice preferred to gather. Contents of GSH and SOD in lung tissues on the 1st day and 7th day were obviously reduced (P< 0.05, or P< 0.01). Contents of MDA and T-AOC on the 1st day, 7th day and 14th day were obviously reduced (P < 0.05, or P < 0.01). It was concluded that obvious oxidation/antioxidation imbalance started on the 7th day in lung tissues of mice in the bleomycin group. It reduced later on. And the oxidation/antioxidation imbalance continued until the end of the model establishment. Obvious oxidation/antioxidation imbalance started on the 1st day in lung tissues of mice in the LPS group. However, this oxidation/antioxidation imbalance was adjusted back to normal level through time.

To enhance the quality and efficiency of ozagrel by investigating the differences between the ozagrel polymorphs in bioavailability. Solid ozagrel in different polymorph forms were orally administered to SD rats. An HPLC method was established to determinate plasma level of ozagrel. The bioavailabilities of two polymorph forms were calculated and compared. The pharmacokinetic parameters of ozagrel, were as follows: Cmax was 32.72 ± 17.04 and 34.01 ± 19.13 mg · L(-1), respectively; AUC0-t was 61.14 ± 14.76 and 85.56 ± 18.08 mg · L(-1) · h, respectively; t½ was 1.53 ± 0.51 and 4.73 ± 3.00 h, respectively. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between form I and II polymorphs of ozagrel while the t½ of form II is longer, which indicates that the use of form II polymorph as pharmaceutical product may prolong the effective action time in clinics. This would help the polymorph quality control in drug production.
Animals ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Methacrylates ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To evaluate left ventricular(LV) systolic function by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2D-STI) in severe aortic stenosis(AS) patients.Methods Standard echocardiography and 2D-STI examinations were performed in a total of 54 subjects including 26 consecutive patients with severe AS with LV ejection fraction(LVEF) ≥50％ and 28 controls.2D-STI including systolic longitudinal strain (LS) and strain rate(LSr) were assessed from the apical 4-chamber,3-chamber and 2-chamber views,the circumferential strain(CS) and strain rate(CSr),radial strain(RS) and strain rate(RSr) were measured from the standard short axis views (averaging 6 segments per view).The above parameters of AS groups were compared with those of normals.The repeatability of LVEF,LS and RS was evaluated in 6 AS patients and 6 normal volunteers selected at random from the investigation.Results ① There was no significant difference between AS group and control group in LVEF,LV end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD),LV endsystolic dimension (LVESD) and midwall fractional shortening (mwFS) (P ＞ 0.05).② Significant differences were detected between the two groups.LS,RS,CS,LSr,RSr,and CSr were obviously decreased in AS group(P ＜0.05).③The repeatability of LVEF,LS and RS was good by consecutive measurement of identical and independent observers.Conclusions Despite the presence of normal LVEF,the LV systolic function is impaired in severe AS patients.

Objective To monitor the renal pelvic pressure and to investigate its clinical significance during retrograde flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (RFUL).Methods The data of renal pelvic pressure measured in 60 cases of RFUL with the mean irrigation pump speed and pressure of 30 ml/min and 30 mmHg were analyzed retrospectively.The influence factors of renal pelvic pressure and its correlation with postoperative fever were analyzed.Renal pelvic pressure was measured by baroceptor,which was connected to PHILIP-MP4 monitor IBP channel and ureteric catheter positioned in renal pelvis through a dual channel ureteral access sheath (UAS).The renal pelvic pressure data was collected and analyzed in every 2 seconds by computer.The 60 cases were divided into 3 groups according to their intra-pelvic pressure situations:normal pressure group(NP,IPPmax ≤30 mmHg),high pressure group(HP,IPPmax＞30 mmHg,but high pressure duration≤ 10 min),and backflow pressure group(BP,IPPmax＞30 mmHg and high pressure duration＞ 10 min).Results The baseline intra-pelvic pressure (IPP0) and max imum intra-pelvic pressure (IPPmax) were (13.2±5.6) mmHg and (95.6±2.3) mmHg respectively.IPP levels during the RFUL were significantly higher than the IPP0(P＜0.001).There were 32,17 and 11 cases in NP,HP and BP groups,respectively.There were 6 cases with fever higher than 38.5 ℃ (10％),in which there were 1 case in NP,1 case in HP group and 4 cases in BP group.The postoperative fever rate in NP,HP and BP group were 3％,6％ and 36％ respectively,which were significantly different between groups(P＜0.01).There were 12 cases with procalcitonin ＞0.1 ng/ml and 8 cases with procalcitonin ＞0.5 ng/ml,in which 2 cases in HP group and 6 cases in BP group.Conclusions RFUL would result in a temporal elevated intrapelvic pressure greater than 30 mmHg.Postoperative fever is relevant with renal perfusion pressure and perfusion time.It's necessary for the surgeons to adjust the perfusion pressure during operation.

Objective To investigate the change of serum ghrelin and sex hormones levels in girls with precocious puberty . Methods 87 girls with precocious puberty were divided into the simple premature thelarche (SPT ) and central precocious puberty (CPP) groups according to the results of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) stimulation test ,size of ovary and uterus ,and de-velopmental status of the secondary sex characteristics ,with 34 age-matched healthy girls as control group .The serum ghrelin level was quantitatively measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ,luteinizing hormone(LH) ,follicle stimulating hor-mone(FSH) ,estradiol(E2) ,progesterone(PRGE) ,prolactin (PRL) ,testosterone (TSTO) and LH and FSH stimulated by GnRH after 30 ,60 ,90 min were measured by chemoluminescence technique .Results The ghrelin level in the CPP group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0 .05);there was no statistically significant difference between the SPT group and the control group and between the CPP group and the SPT group (P>0 .05) .The 5 indexes of sex hormone (LH ,FSH ,E2 ,PRL , PRGE) in the CPP group were significantly higher than those in the SPT group and the control group (P<0 .05) ,but no statisti-cally significant difference existed between the SPT group and the control group (P>0 .05);the TSTO level had no statistically sig-nificant difference among 3 groups(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The serum levels of ghrelin and 5 indexes of sex hormone (LH ,FSH , E2 ,PRL ,PRGE) in girls with CPP are significantly increased .

Several methods for the qualitative screening of fungi to degrade lignin were introduced in this paper, with detailed protocols and discussing for each assay.

Objective To explore the use of Diagnosis Related Groups(DRGs)evaluation index in performance management system of hospitals.Methods The performance evaluation system was built based on medical business volume index,efficiency indicators,cost control indexes,drug control indexes, medical quality and medical safety indexes,by means of extracting the home page of hospital discharge records from 2009 to 2013 and grouping automatically with the“BJ-DRGs”group-maker.Results The operation evaluation indexes of the hospital have seen great progress since advent of the DRGs evaluation indexes.Conclusion Introduction of DRGs has scored great success in the performance appraisal system of the hospital.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical application result of the selective nerve root blocks in limited operation of the lumbar spine.

METHODSFrom January 2008 to October 2012,68 patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis with multiple levels were underwent the selective nerve root blocks in limited operation of the lumbar spine,including 47 males and 21 females with an average age of 56 years old ranging from 45 to 80. After never roots blocks,64 cases were positive for limited operation of the lumbar spine; the other 4 cases were negative and abort the operation.

RESULTSThe nerve roots block operation smoothly and no complications related to the nerve roots block occurred. There was no neurologic injury complication in this study. Follow-up period ranged from 16 to 45 months postoperatively (means, 32 months). The recovery effect was calculated with Macnab scores, the result was excellent in 44 cases, good in 18 cases, poor in 1.

CONCLUSIONOperative treatment for lumbar spinal canal stenosis with multiple levels is focused on the areas causing symptomate neural compression rather than prophylactic decompression at areas of nonsymptomatic disease. Application of selective nerve root blocks can accurately judge the responsible vertebral body and pain source and improve the curative effect of limited operation of the lumbar spine

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Block ; methods ; Spinal Nerve Roots ; Spinal Stenosis ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo detect the relations between incidence rate of the epidemical encephalitis B and related factors, to provide a simple, valid and practical new method for forecasting encephalitis B eipdemics.

METHODSConnection number between the incidence rate of encephalitis B and the historical forecast factors was computed, before ranking the first, second and the third principal factor, to remove the factor with the smallest value in the light of the connection number before comparing the newest value of forecast factors with the same kind of history while the most nearly value becoming the forecasting factor value and to establish a forecasting equation according to the factor value and the consistent degree of the incidence rate of encephalitis B at that time. Finally, to put into the new factor value to get this forecast value under this equation. Assuming that there are n' (n' >or= 2) forecast factors, this time forecast value can then be directly obtained from the average of these estimate values.

RESULTSUsing above forecast method to forecast the incidence rate of encephalitis B at certain place and year, the predicting value is very much close to the actual incidence rate. Difference between the predicting value forecasted by the above-mentioned method and the actual incidence rate is only 0.0264/100 000 with an accurate rate of 97.94%.

CONCLUSIONThis principal factor analysis forecast method based on connection number in forecasting the incidence rate of encephalitis B prevention is acceptable.

China ; epidemiology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; Encephalitis, Viral ; epidemiology ; virology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Incidence

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of mangiferin.

METHODThe model of chronic bronchitis in rat was established by LPS + smoke. The activity of SOD, content of MDA and NO in BALF and serum, content of TNF-alpha and IL-8 were determined. The expression of RAW264.7 macrophage COX-2 mRNA induced by LPS in mice was detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTThe activity of SOD, the content of NO in BALF and serum in rat with chronic bronchitis were significantly higher with high, medium and low-dose of lg mangiferin (400,200,100 mg x kg(-1)), while the content of MDA, and the content of TNF-alpha and IL-8 in lung tissues were lower. The expression of RAW264.7 macrophage COX-2 mRNA induced by LPS was significantly reduced by mangiferin with 200,100, 50 micromol x L(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe anti-inflammatory mechanism of mangiferin is to relieve inflammation by raising the activity of SOD and content of NO and reducing the content of MDA and the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-8 and COX-2 mRNA.

Animals ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Cell Line ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; genetics ; immunology ; Cytokines ; genetics ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; enzymology ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Xanthones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology