OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical efficiency of patellar fixed pin and Kirschner's nail with tension band in treating patellar fracture.

METHODSFrom November 2010 to January 2012, the clinical data of 42 patients with patella fracture were treated with patella fixed needle and Kirschner's nail with tension band. The patellar fixed needle group included 21 cases (14 males and 7 females,aged 26 to 65 with an average of 43.6 years old); The Kirschner's nail with tension band group included 21 cases (12 males and 9 females,aged 32 to 58 with an average of 41.5 years old). The operation time, intra-operative blood loss and healing time were compared between two groups. Böstman score was applied to compare the therapeutic effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up with an average of 11.5 months ranged from 6 to 14 months. The fractures healed well without complications such as nonunion and infection. According to Böstman score, there was no significant difference between two groups in clinical efficiency (Z = -0.83, P = 0.407). There was significant difference in operation time (t = 6.67, P = 0.00), while no difference in intra-operative blood loss, bone healing time (t = 1.90, P = 0.064; t = 0.612, P = 0.544).

CONCLUSIONBoth methods can obtain good results. However, patellar fixed pin combined with tension band is one of the ideal methods for the treatment of patellar fracture, it has an advantage of simple with shorter operation time, rigid fixation, less complications and well recovery.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Nails ; Bone Wires ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patella ; injuries ; surgery ; Splints

This study is to explore characteristic indexes in evaluation criteria for rat skin anaphylactoid test comparing skin blue spot OD values at the treated position and the control position in the same animal. Common contrast agents, traditional Chinese medicine injections and injections' active pharmaceutical ingredients or excipients in the existing clinical anaphylactoid reaction reports were taken as test drugs in the rat skin anaphylactoid test to define the K value: K > 2 represents positive anaphylactoid reaction, 1.2 ≤ K ≤ 2 represent doubtable anaphylactoid; K < 1.2 represents negative anaphylactoid reaction, which were taken as the criteria for evaluating anaphylactoid of tested drugs. The evaluation result and that for classic criteria were compared to study the applicability of K value. According to the comparison, K value, as the evaluation criteria in the rat skin anaphylactoid test, can more truly reflect the actual situation of skin aizen and minimize the error caused by animal individual factors. Compared with positive and negative two-level criteria for blue spot diameter, K value's positive, doubtable and negative three-level criteria are more objective and accurate. Therefore, K value can be used as the evaluation criteria in the rat skin anaphylactoid test.
Animals ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin Tests ; methods

Objective: To study whether Zhichan Granule could enhance the effect of Madopar for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Subacute PD model induced by methylphenyltetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice was adopted and 105 male C57 mice were randomly divided into seven groups with 15 in each group,they were control group, model group, Zhichan Granule in low dose (3.5 g/kg) medium dose (9.0 g/kg), and high dose (22 g/kg) combined with DOPA (50 mg/kg) groups, Zhichan Granule (22 g/kg), and Madopar (50 mg/kg) groups, respectively. Behaviors of mice in each group were observed by rollover and pole climbing method. The content of striatum dopamine and the number of dopamine neurons of substantia nigra were detected by HPLC and immunohistochemical method. Results: Compared with the Madopar group, the content of striatum dopamine and the number of dopamine neurons of substantia nigra were significantly increased in the group of low-dose Zhichan Granule combined with Madopar, and the behaviors were significantly improved. Compared with the model group, the behaviors were significantly improved in the group of Zhichan Granule. The results indicated that Zhichan Granule in a low-dose could enhance the effect of Madopar for treating PD, resulting in reduction of the dose of Madopar to a certain degree. Conclusion: Zhichan Granule could enhance the effect of Madopar for treating PD, which has nerve protective effect.

The pharmacokinetics of a long-circulating PEGylated Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide (ROP) was investigated in rats following i.v. or s.c. administration at three dose levels (9, 20, 50 mg x kg(-1)). A moderate coupling reaction between the hydroxyl-activated ROP and the amino-terminated mPEG was chosen to produce PEGylate ROP. The grafting degree of the prepared conjugate was 1.03, and the molecular mass of mPEG used was 20 kDa. High-performance gel permeation chromatorgraphy with fluorescein isothiocyanate prelabeling was established to determine levels of the conjugate in plasma. The results showed that the elimination half-life of the conjugate following s.c. administration was basically identical to that after iv administration. An accurate linear correlation was observed between administration doses and areas under the curve of plasma conjugate level vs. time profile, regardless of the administration route. The absolute bioavailability of the conjugate following sc administration was approximately 56%, and the mean in vivo residence time was 52.1 h, increased 2.4 times compared to those of iv administration. In general, linear pharmacokinetics was observed for the conjugate within the dose range studied, and sc should be a promising administration route for the conjugate.
Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Drug Carriers ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Half-Life ; Injections, Intravenous ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Ophiopogon ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinical results of hook plate internal fixation for the treatment of distal traumatic injuries of clavicle,and to analysis the mechanism of the complications.

METHODSFrom 2001.9 to 2008.2, 36 patients with fresh distal clavicle fractures of Neer type II and 14 patients with dislocation of Acromioclavicular joint of Tossy type III were treated with hook plate internal fixations. Among the patients, 36 patients were male and 14 patients were female, ranging in age from 19 to 77 years, with an average of 43 years. After the operation, the range of motion of shoulder joint was measured and the complications were studied. The Karlsson and Constant-Murley criteria were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up with a mean duration of 12 months (7 to 18 months). All the patients could move shoulder joint actively 1 week after operation, and recover to the normal ROM at the 6th week after operation. According to Karlsson criteria, 44 patients got an excellent result, 6 good. According to Constant-Murley criteria, the average score of wound shoulder was (73.8 +/- 8.3) before operation, and (59.6 +/- 6.7) after operation, and the postoperative score was higher than preoperative score. No incision infections were found and 5 patients with complications were cured. No re-dislocation of acromioclavicular joint occurred.

CONCLUSIONIt is advocated that hook plate for the treatment of distal clavicular fractures of Neer type II and acromioclavicular dislocation of Tossy type III could provide sufficient stability to allow early functional rehabilitation, and to decrease the rate of complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Clavicle ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Naringenin (1) was transformed to three metabolites (2-4) by Mucor sp. Based on LCMS(n)-IT-TOF and NMR spectroscopic data, 2-4 were identified as naringenin-7-O-sulphate, naringenin-4'-O-sulphate, and naringenin-5-O-sulphate, respectively. These results might provide hints to the mammalian/human metabolism of naringenin.
Biotransformation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Flavanones ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Mucor ; metabolism ; Sulfates ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore an HPLC method for determination of rhnchophylline and isorhnchophylline in Uncaria rhnchophylla.

METHODAn HPLC method has been developed for determination of rhnchophylline and isorhnchophylline. The transformation of rhnchophylline and isorhnchophylline after heating was also studied by HPLC-ESI-MS.

RESULTGood linearities of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline were 0.064-5.100, 0.064-5.110 mg, respectively. The average recoveries were from 87.51% to 88.83% for rhynchophylline and from 107.9% to 113.9% for isorhynchophylline. The recoveries of rhynchophylline and isorhnchophylline reference solutions after extraction were 12.60% and 40.00% in the reflux extraction procedure, respectively. While in the ultrasonic extraction procedure, the average recoveries of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline was from 99.48% to 103.2% and from 97.00% to 99.59%, resepectively. The recoveries of rhynchophylline and isorhnchophylline reference solutions after extraction were 47.08% and 51.03%, respectively. The unqualified recovery could be elucidated by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis, indicating that trhynchophylline could be transformed mostly into isorhynchophylline and a little amount of unkown composition, while isorhynchophylline could be transformed into rhynchophylline isocorynoxeine, corynoxeine and 22-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl isocorynoxeinic acid during the extraction procedure.

CONCLUSIONUltrasonic extraction procedure was more sutble for HPLC determination of the content of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in U. rhnchophylla, however, the recovery problems should be paid attention to when it comes to the determination.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Indole Alkaloids ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Ultrasonics ; Uncaria ; chemistry

The paper is to report the observation of pharmacokinetic changes of the characteristic ingredients in the combinations of different-dose herbs of Shaoyao-Gancao decoction. After the establishment of HPLC analytical method of plasma effective constituents, rats were orally administered with different-dose herbs of Shaoyao-Gancao decoction. Blood samples at different times after administering these decoctions were collected, and then were analyzed by HPLC fingerprints technology. Pharmacokinetic parameters of characteristic peaks were analyzed by SPSS 15.0 software and DAS 2.0. At last, we looked for the correlation of those pharmacokinetic parameters and the dosage of Gancao. The best dose of Shaoyao-Gancao decoction was at the ratio of 4 to 4, which was consistent with the dose commonly used in ancient times. The absorption of characteristic peaks from Shaoyao-Gancao decoction was related with the dosage of Gancao, and there existed interaction between each characteristic ingredients. There existed the right dose-ratio of Shaoyao and Gancao to get the best effect. The absorptions of effective constitutents were mutual waxing and waning in order to increase biological effects together. It's demonstrated the compatibility connotation at a right dose-ratio of Shaoyao-Gancao decoction through the angle of pharmacokinetics.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; Male ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo provide a mathematical set-based method for evaluating drug release kinetics of multi-component traditional Chinese medicine preparations.

METHODWith Fuzheng Huayu prescription as the study model, a mathematical set-based method for evaluating drug release kinetics was established to guide the preparation of drug release system of Fuzheng Huayu prescription, and a quantitative evaluation was made for its multi-component drug release characteristics. Its accuracy was verified by Kalman filtering method.

RESULTThe comparison between the two showed that the sample No. 4 of Fuzheng Huayu drug release system showed synchronized drug release with its reference preparation Fuzheng Huayu capsules.

CONCLUSIONThe results verified the accuracy and rationality of the evaluation method based on mathematics set. Meanwhile, it displayed the release of target preparations according to asynchronous coefficient (k) and other parameters, and found the orientation of regulating and improving the unit drug release dosage from relevant error parameters of various characteristic peak information, in order to purposefully regulate relevant components, and enable target preparations to meet the synchronized drug release requirements of the reference preparation. Meanwhile, it provided an effective measure for evaluating the quantitative characterization and synchronized release behavior of multi-component traditional Chinese medicines.

Capsules ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Filtration ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Models, Theoretical

Material properties and hygroscopicity were determined. Principal component analysis and partial least squares regression were applied to evaluate relationships between material properties and hygroscopicity of Chinese medicine raw materials. The results showed that hygroscopicity was correlated with water content, particle size distribution, water soluble characteristic and cohesion. Balanced moisture content was positively correlated with water content, particle size distribution, water soluble characteristic and cohesion. Moisture absorption velocity was negatively correlated with particle size distribution, protruding degree and positively correlated with water soluble characteristic and cohesion. Moisture absorption acceleration was positively correlated with water content, particle size distribution and negatively correlated with water soluble characteristic and cohesion. Hygroscopicity of Chinese medicine raw materials is interpreted in terms of physics.
Absorption ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Multivariate Analysis ; Particle Size ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; Solubility ; Water ; analysis ; Wettability