Switching Mechanism At 5′ end of the RNA Transcript(SMART)is a technology used in biology researching,So far,there is no review only about SMART technology.So,the aim is to investigate the research developments of principles,methods and applications of the SMART technology.Based on some researches and combined with the review of the related literature at home and abroad,it analyzed and evaluated the latest development of the research on SMART.As the applications of the SMART technology expand in many fields day after day,it has been proved that the SMART technology is a very useful and efficient skill to construct full length cDNA library.As more and more researchers know this technology,the advantages of the SMART technology become obvious,and meanwhile the disadvantages of the SMART technology also show up.That is to say,the technology needed to be improved.

Some problems were settled in making permanent slide for predacious nematode fungi by slide cultivation and cotton blue stain. Method of small-hole culture covered with slides could obtain high quality images, which solved the problem that trapping device couldn't be observed with high-power microscopes and oil-immersion microscopes. Scraping slide technique improved the method of making temporary slides.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of establishing tumor model of MDR in rabbit liver with VX2 tumor induced by adriamycin. Methods 20 white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 for each. Liver tumor was established with VX2 tissue together with or without MDR-induced for their formations. VX2 tumor without MDR-induced was included in group A and B ,while MDR-induced tumor was employed in groupe C and D. Contrast enhanced CT was performed three weeks later to assess the volume of tumors. 4 mg adriamycin (dilute with 2ml of saline) was infused in group A and C via the common herpatic artery directly and respectirely; whereas same amount of saline adminisfrated through the same way for group B and D. Follow up CT was performed one week later to assess the change of tumor. Apoptosis rate was analized for each group by means of flow cytometry (FCM). Results No significant difference was found between the 4 groups three weeks after the establishment in term of tumor volume. Follow up CT performed 1 week after the treatment showed the volume increase of tumor for all groups. Group A was significantly lower than the other three groups in tumor growth rate (P0.05). The apoptosis rate of group A detected by FCM was significantly higher than the other three groups(P0.05). Conclusion Implanted liver tumor with VX2 induced by, adriamycin in tumor carrying rabbits possesses the character of drug resistance, which is profitable to be a liver tumor model of MDR for the therapeutic trial.

Objective In order to study the structure-activity relationship of oridonin,Some derivatives of oridonin were synthesized and their cytotoxicity activity was evaluated.Methods Oridonin (Ⅰ) was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography.The derivatives were synthesized from oridonin through oxidation and acylation.All compounds were confirmed by spectrum analyses and their cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT method.Results Six compounds were obtained and identified as: 14-acetyl-oridonin(Ⅱ),1,14-diacetyl-oridonin(Ⅲ),14-p-tolylsulfonyl-oridonin(Ⅳ),1-oxo-oridonin(Ⅴ),14-acetyl-1-oxo-oridonin(Ⅵ),14-p-tolylsulfonyl-1-oxo-oridonin(Ⅶ).Among them compounds Ⅳ,Ⅵ,and Ⅶ were new compounds.Five compounds showed better cytotoxicity than oridonin.Conclusion The cytotoxicity of 1oxo oridonin derivatives is first evaluated and shows the stronger cytotoxicity than oridonin.

Objective: To explore whether resveratrol can reduce intestinal damage in hemorrhagic shock rats and the underlying mechanism. Methods: A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats of speciif c pathogen free (SPF) were randomly divided into a control group(n=8), a resveratrol group (SR group,n=8) and a vehicle group (SS group,n=8). hT e mean arterial pressure was recorded. Two hours atf er hemorrhagic shock, 15 mg/kg resveratrol or 0.3 mL equal volume of vehicle and autologous blood were given, respectively. The intestinalspecimens were collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and calculated the pathological score. The superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and cytochrome C (Cyt C) protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and/or Western blot. ATP level, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GXH-px), catalase (CAT) and SOD were also detected. Results: Two hours atfer autologous blood transfusion, the mean arterial pressure in the SR group was signiifcantly higher than that in the SS group (P<0.01). Compared with the SS group, the pathological injury was signiifcantly alleviated and pathological scores were dramatically reduced in the SR group (P<0.05). hTe activities of GXH-px, CAT, SOD and the ATP levels in the SR group were signiifcantly higher than those in the SS group (allP<0.01). Compared with the SS group, the SOD2 expression was significantly higher while the Cyt C expression was dramatically lower in the SR group (both P<0.01). Conclusion: Resveratrol could alleviate the intestinal injury in hemorrhagic shock rats, which might be associated with its effects on reduction of oxidative stress and protection of mitochondria.

Objective To investigate the correlation between cerebral artery stenosis (MCAS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods Continuous selected 636 cases of 50-80 years old inpatients or outpatients who examined by transcranial color Doppler ultrasound (TCD) in April 2012 to April 2013 in our hospital.Keep the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and clinical dementia rating (CDR) as the evaluation of cognitive function.Results Detected 124 cases of MCAS patients (MCAS group) and 512 cases of non-MCAS patients (non-MCAS group).Forty-four cases MCI were detected in MCAS group with the prevalence rate was 35.5％(44/124),and 114 cases of patients with MCI were detected in non-MCAS group with the prevalence rate was 22.3％ (114/512),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Single factor analysis showed that there were no significant difference between two groups in waist circumference,hypertension,coronary heart disease,hyperlipidemia,smoking,diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol,uric acid,fasting glucose,C-reactive protein (P ＞ 0.05); There were significantly different between two groups in age,gender,education level,MCAS,history of diabetes,systolic blood pressure and triglyceride,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(P ＜ 0.05).Multiple factors analysis showed that the MCAS (OR =1.899,95％ CI 1.224-2.946),history of diabetes (OR =1.764,95％ CI 1.191-2.612),systolic blood pressure(OR =1.012,95％ CI 1.003-1.022),gender (OR =0.558,95％ CI 0.380-0.821),and age (OR =1.029,95％ CI 1.010-1.049) was the independent risk factor for MCI.Conclusion The MCAS related with MCI occurrence and development.

Objective To investigate the correlation of the middle cerebral artery stenosis (MCAS) and the mild cognitive function impairment (MCI),and the clinical efficacy of statins in patients with MCI. Methods Six hundred and thirty-six patientse,who received transcranial color doppler ultrasound (TCD)assay, were enrolled in our hospital hospitalization or outpatients. The simple mental state examination (MMSE) and clinical dementia rating scale (CDR) were used as cognitive function assessment indexes. Forty-four cases of MCI with MCAS and 58 cases of MCI with NMCAS were used as the treatment group , who received the atorvastatin 20 mg every day , 56 cases of MCI with NMCAS were used as the control group , who only received the routine and basic diseases treatment. One yearlater,we determined the changes of MMSE and CDRagain. Results We detected 124 patients with MCAS, 512 patients with NMCAS, and 44 cases of MCAS patients with MCI, the prevalence was 35.5%,114 cases of NMCAS in patients with MCI, with the prevalence of 22.3%, the prevalence between the two groups was statistically different. One year later, the patients in the treatment group, MMSE score was improved, the score of MCI of the MCAS group improved more significantly. Conclusion The middle cerebral artery stenosis correlated with the occurrence of MCI. Atorvastatin could improve cognitive function in patients with MCI, especially for MCI which was caused by middle cerebral artery stenosis.

Objective To analyze quantitatively the safety and efficacy of statin therapy in acute phrase for acute ischemic stroke with the method of meta-analysis.Methods We performed a systematic literature search including the Cochrane Library,MEDLINE and EMBASE for published trials about statin therapy and the outcomes of acute ischemic stroke.Then we performed a meta-analysis with included studies to investigate the association between statin therapy and clinical outcome and mortality.All of the data were pooled and meta-analyzed by Cochrane Collaboration RevMan 5.3 meta-analysis software.Statistical heterogeneity between studies was evaluated by the chi-square and I-square tests.Forest plots were used to summarize study data and Egger tests were used to assess publication bias.Results A total of 27 studies including 52 034 patients,comprising 19 212 statin users and 32 822 non-statin users met the inclusion criteria,4 studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs),and 23 were observational trials (OTs).Both pre-or post-stroke statin use was associated with reduced mortality.Statin use is associated with favorable functional outcome at hospital discharge and on the ninetieth day regardless of initiation time for pre-stroke group and post-stroke group.The results from observational trials were consistent with randomized controlled trials.There was no evidence of publication bias for all comparisons by Egger tests.Conclusions Statin therapy before or after AIS is safe and effective.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical application of mandibular-driven simultaneous maxillo-mandihular distraction to correct hemifacial microsomia with rapid prototyping technology.

METHODSThe patient' s skull resin model was manufactured with rapid prototyping technology. The osteotomy was designed on skull resin model. According to the preoperative design, the patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and mandibular ramus osteotomy. The internal mandible distractor was embedded onto the osteotomy position. The occlusal titanium pin was implanted. Distraction were carried out by mandibular-driven simultaneous maxillo-mandihular distraction 5 days after operation.

RESULTSThe distraction in five patients was complete as designed. No infection and dysosteogenesis happened. The longest distance of distraction was 28 mm, and the shortest distance was 16 mm. The facial asymmetry deformity was significantly improved at the end of distraction. The ocelusal plane of patients obviously improved.

CONCLUSIONSRapid prototyping technology is helpful to design precisely osteotomy before operation. Mandibular-driven simultaneous maxillo-mandibular distraction can correct hemifacial microsomia. It is worth to clinical application.

Face ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Facial Asymmetry ; congenital ; surgery ; Goldenhar Syndrome ; surgery ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Mandible ; surgery ; Maxilla ; surgery ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Osteotomy ; methods ; Osteotomy, Le Fort