Objective To analyze the relationship between different rectal volume,bladder volume and dose of organs at risk (OARs) in intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer.Methods A total of 47 patients with cervical cancer were selected.All of them were treated with high dose rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy with a 600 cGy dose for the dosage point.The effects of different volume of rectum bladder and small intestine for corresponding exposure dose under the standard planning were evaluated using a dose-volume histogram (DVH).According to bladder volume,patients were divided into three groups,＜ 80 cm3 group,80-120 cm3 group and ＞ 120 cm3 group.And according to rectum volume,patients were divided into ＞ 60 cm3 group and ≤ 60 cm3 group.The relationship between the volume and dosage were analyzed.The ANOVA test and t test were used for analyzing D1 cm3,D2 cm3,D30％ and D50％.Results Compared with the group with ＜ 80 cm3 bladder volume,D30％,D50％ value of bladder in groups with 80-120 cm3 and ＞ 120 cm3 of bladder volume increased (F =5.074,5.088,P ＜ 0.05).The difference of D1 cm3 and D2 cm3 value of the small intestine between 80-120 cm3 and ＞ 120 cm3 bladder volume groups were not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).D1 cm3 of rectum in groups with ≤ 60 cm3 rectum volume was decreased than that of ＞ 60 cm3 group (t =-2.045,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Keeping an appropriatly full bladder and reducing rectal volume in cervical cancers treated with intracavitary brachytherapy can make the exposure dose of bladder,rectum and small intestine relatively small,and reduce the adverse reactions of radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the clinical states of enuresis children companied with spina bifida occulta(SBO)and study the efficient way of treatment.Methods The children with SBO were check out by X ray from a total of 121 children with bedwetting.Their parents were asked to complete the enuresis questionnaires.Urine routine test and B-ultrasound examination about kidney,bladder and ureter were also asked to be done.The clinic data of the 49 children were attained and analyzed.They were randomly divided into 2 groups,and given the controlled treatment.Group A[used 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vas-opressin(DDAVP)only] and group B(used DDAVP plus oxybutynin plus bladder training)treated for 12 weeks.Results There were totally 49 bedwetting children companied with SBO,and most of them(44 cases,89.8%)were severe type(bedwetting times≥7 times/week).Some of them coexisted with frequency,urgency,gentle urgency incontinence and microscopic hematuria(22 cases).Thirty cases were found the functional bladder capacity(FBC)decrease by B-ultrasound.The cure rates were 58.3%(group A)and 88.0%(group B)respectively.The relapse rates were 36.8%(group A)and 12.5%(group B)respectively after stopping treatment for 3 months.Conclusions SBO accounts for considerably higher rate in enuretic children.It might cause the disability of bladder function.The treatment plan with DDAVP plus oxybutynin plus bladder training can not only increase the cure rate but also lower the relapse rate.

Two fragments G1 and G2 of the glycoprotein G gene of bovine respiratory syncytial virus(BRSV) were selected for expression in Escherichia coli based on the analysis of glycoprotein G by DNA Star software.Then the two fragments of glycoprotein G were amplified by PCR with synthesized G gene of BRSV as the template.The amplified fragments G1 and G2 are 570bp and 308bp in length,respectively.The PCR products were cloned into pET30a vector and expressed in soluble form in E.coli after induction of cultured E.coli with IPTG.Both of the recombinant proteins G1 and G2 were purified by immobilized Ni ion affinity chromatography under native conditions.Then the purified proteins were analysed by Western blotting.The results showed that the purified recombinant protein G1 retained good antigenicity and specificity.But the purified recombinant protein G2 didn't possess biological activity.Antibodies against BRSV were detected in suspected bovine serum samples in China by using indirect ELISA and Western blotting with the purified recombinant protein G1.The purified recombinant protein G1 might be used as antigen for establishing serological methods for diagnosis of BRSV infection.And the purified recombinant protein G1 might also be used for preparing polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for research on biological functions of glycoprotein G of BRSV.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE; survivin, a member of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) gene family, expresses in various human cancer tissues, and may facilitate tumor cell evasion from apoptosis, and promote aberrant mitotic progression. This study was to investigate cell proliferation and apoptosis status of human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 after knockdown of survivin. METHODS; Small interfering RNA was transfected into MCF-7 cells to inhibit expression of survivin. mRNA and protein levels of survivin were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Proliferation inhibition rate of MCF-7 cells was analyzed by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS; The expression of survivin in siRNA-transfected group decreased by 64% in comparison to untransfected group. After treatment of different concentrations of siRNA, proliferation inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of MCF-7 cells were increased. The highest proliferation inhibition rate was 60.9%, and the highest apoptosis rate was 29.0% after treatment of 200 nmol/L of siRNA. CONCLUSION; survivin siRNA might be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effects of bcl-xl antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODN) on growth and gene expression of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in nude mice.

METHODSCNE-2Z cell line was implanted subcutaneously into nude mice. Twenty four h after implantation, bcl-xl ASODN and mismatch control oligonucleotides (SCODN) were injected subcutaneously into nude mice, respectively. The tumor volume and weight were measured twice weekly. The histopathological changes of the tumors were observed by HE staining. RT-PCR and Western-blot were performed for bcl-xl gene expression.

RESULTSGrowth of NPC was significantly inhibited in the ASODN therapy group as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). The growth inhibitory rate was 41.7% in the ASODN group and 19.0% in the SCODN group. The expression level of bcl-xl mRNA and protein was decreased in the ASODN group, whereas in the SCODN group there was no significant difference in contrast with saline-treated control group.

CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that bcl-xl antisense oligodeoxynucleotides results in marked inhibition of NPC growth in nude mice. It may be a novel treatment approach for human nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; therapeutic use ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; bcl-X Protein

Objective To explore the self-management action of patient suffered from mechanical heart valve post-operation. Methods 168cases of the patients suffered from the mechanical heart valve post-operation were separately divided into 86 cases as the interference group and 82 cases as control group at random. The interference group was given for the normal medical treatment and also objective self-management education but the control group used normal medical treatment and also health education. Two groups of the patients were tested by "Self-Management Action Measurement Form" separately to asseSS the self-management action and also were assessed by Chinese version of SF-36 Measurement Form for the assessment of two groups of the patients for the comparison of the patients of two groups in living quality(QOL) one year after treatment and nursing. Results The various items of assessments of interference group were higher than the comparison group in self-management action measurement form SF-36 Measurement Form with the difference of statistics meaning(P ＜0. 01) averagely for the comparison of two groups one year after the treatment and nursing. Conclusions The self-management education can help the patients to set up a good action mode and improve the patients' self-management disease ability, reduce the occurrence of the complication to improve health and reach to raise living quality of the patients suffered from mechanical heart valve post-operation for purpose.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Recent studies showed overexpression of bcl-xL in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line CNE-2Z; it may play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance of NPC. This study was to explore inducing effect of bcl-xL short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on apoptosis of CNE-2Z cells. METHODS: After transfection of recombinant plasmid pmU6-RNAi expressing bcl-xL shRNA,apoptotic CNE-2Z cells were detected by fluorescent staining and flow cytometry (FCM). mRNA levels of bcl-xL, bcl-2, survivin, and caspase-3 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); while protein levels of Bcl-xL, Caspase-3, and P53 were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: When treated with pmU6-RNAi for 24 h, an obvious apoptotic peak of CNE-2Z cells appeared; cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation were observed in most cells under fluorescent microscope. RT-PCR analysis showed that pmU6-RNAi down-regulated mRNA levels of bcl-xL, bcl-2, and caspase-3, but had little or no effect on mRNA level of survivin; Western blot analysis showed an obvious reduction in protein levels of Bcl-xL and Caspase-3, and a great increase in protein level of P53.CONCLUSIONS: bcl-xL shRNA can induce apoptosis of CNE-2Z cells, which may be closely related to down-regulation of bcl-2, caspase-3 and p53. bclxL shRNA may be helpful for developing gene therapy for NPC.

OBJECTIVETo explore brain-protective effect of androgen, its dose-effect relationship and long-term adverse reaction.

METHODSeventy two 3-day-old SD rats were randomized into androgen group (n = 32), HIBD model group (n = 32) and sham operated group (n = 8). The androgen group and HIBD model group were further randomized into 30 mg/kg group, 60 mg/kg group, 120 mg/kg group and 240 mg/kg group, respectively. In androgen group and HIBD group, every rat was given testosterone or peanut oil, one time a day. Three days later, HIBD model was established by occlusion of the left common carotid artery and inhalation of 8% oxygen plus 92% nitrogen for 2.5 hours. Adult rats' ability of learning and memory was determined by water maze test. Escape latencies were recorded and analyzed by statistics. Vaginal cells of all female rats were examined everyday for identifying their estrous cycle. Female rats were allowed to live with normal adult male rats if the female rats were in estrous period. Vaginal cells were examined everyday until sperm was seen, which was the signal of gestation. Pregnancy rate and the number of embryos were recorded and analyzed by statistics. Acropetal coefficient was calculated. The testes and epididymis were taken from adult male rats, histopathological sections were made, and the structure of testis and epididymis were studied under light microscope.

RESULTIn Morris experiment, escape latencies (EL) of HIBD group were much longer than those of sham operation group (27.71 ± 3.19) s, time of first enter target (1(st) ET) was later than that of sham operation group (5.34 ± 0.83) s, times of target cross (TC) was less than that of sham operation group (18.88 ± 1.89) (P < 0.01, P = 0.0005). EL of androgen group (34.89 ± 3.68, 33.71 ± 3.38, 33.84 ± 3.45, 35.43 ± 2.43) were much shorter than that of HIBD group, 1(st) ET (5.39 ± 1.51, 6.28 ± 2.07, 5.09 ± 1.61, 5.85 ± 0.87) was earlier than that of HIBD group, TC (12.75 ± 2.05, 14.88 ± 3.36, 14.88 ± 2.36, 14.38 ± 1.60) was more than that of HIBD group (P < 0.01, P = 0.0001). Among the four doses groups of androgen group, EL, 1(st) ET and TC had no statistical significance (P > 0.05, P = 0.159). There were no statistical significance between male rats of androgen group [Testes acropetal coefficient (0.89 ± 0.07, 0.92 ± 0.08, 0.88 ± 0.11, 0.87 ± 0.09), epididymis acropetal coefficient (0.25 ± 0.02, 0.24 ± 0.05, 0.26 ± 0.04, 0.23 ± 0.05)], HIBD group and sham operation group (P > 0.05, P = 3.207). Among the four doses groups of androgen group had no statistical significance (P > 0.05, P = 6.663). There were no statistical significance between female rats of androgen group (pregnancy rate, 100%; times, 14.52 ± 3.34, 14.69 ± 2.28, 14.98 ± 2.67, 15.38 ± 3.07), HIBD group and sham operation group in pregnancy rate and times.

CONCLUSIONThe intellectual ability of rats decreased after HI. Androgen could reduce the effect of HI on intellectual ability. Androgen had no adverse reaction to the reproductive capacity of adult rats.

Androgens ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; psychology ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reproduction ; drug effects

The influence on 10 kinds of ginsensides of different processed methods of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix was discussed. White Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (sliced and dried at -80 °C), red Panacis Quinquefolii Radix( steamed, sliced and dried at -80 °C) and commercial Radix Panacis Quinquefolii (dried by electric blast air) processed by different methods. HPLC-PDA-ESI- MS method was established before by our team. Ten kinds of ginsenosides of them were determined. The content of total ginsenosides were as follow: commercial Panacis Quinquefolii Radix > white Panacis Quinquefolii Radix > red Panacis Quinquefolii Radix. Compared with white Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, the content of Re, Rc, Rb3 and Rb2 of Red Radix Panacis Quinquefolii decreased but increased that of Rg,, Rb1. Both Rg2 and Rg, were not found in white Panacis Quinquefolii Radix and commercial Panacis Quinquefolii Radix by PDA detector, and low response in ESI-MS, while red Panacis Quinquefolii Radix was to the high content that of 0. 027% and 0.040 1%. The constituent of RA0 of red Panacis Quinquefolii Radix was higher than the other two. After Panacis Quinquefolii Radix processed, the kind and content of ginsensides were significantly changed. The constituent of some kinds of ginsensides was increased and some decreased. Rf was not found in all Panacis Quinquefolii Radix samples which were consistent with the former documents.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Panax ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

AIMTo investigate the antagonistic effects of the novel compounds on vasoconstriction induced by ET-1 and the effect on the blood pressure of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

METHODSOrgan bath experiment and whole cardiac function experiment were used.

RESULTSThe analogues of o-CPhe-D-Trp-D-Phe(-X)-OH showed good ability against endothelin biological effects. When X was displaced by 3-F, 3-Cl or 4-Cl, the novel compounds inhibit the vascular constriction induced by ET-1 in a concentration-dependent manner, the IC50 +/- L95 were (0.09 +/- 0.05), (0.15 +/- 0.06) or (0.11 +/- 0.03) mumol.L-1 respectively. The blood pressure of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats was decreased. No significant effect on cardiac function of rats was discovered.

CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that among the six kinds of compounds, those with o-CPhe-D-Trp-D-Phe (-X)-OH configuration showed good biological effects.

Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Endothelin Receptor Antagonists ; Endothelins ; pharmacology ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Male ; Molecular Structure ; Peptides ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Wistar ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Vasoconstriction ; drug effects