Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of different surgical procedures for the treatment of gallbladder cancer. Methods The clinical data of 81 patients with gallbladder cancer who were admitted to the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2000 to October 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.The efficacies of different surgical procedures for the treatment of gallbladder cancer, and the relationship between T stage and lymph node metastasis were investigated. The postoperative survival rates of patients in different TNM stages were analyzed and compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test, respectively. Results The median survival times of patients in stage Ⅰ , Ⅱ ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 68, 18, 7 and 5 months, respectively. The 1-,3-, 5-year survival rates were 100%, 80% and 60% for patients in stage Ⅰ, 57%, 29% and 14% for patients in stage Ⅱ, 27%, 7% and 0 for patients in stage Ⅲ and 11%, 4% and 0 for patients in stage Ⅳ. There were significant differences in the survivals of patients in different TNM stages ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Of the 81 patients, 67 received surgical treatment. The 5-year survival rate was 100% for patients in stage T1b who received standard radical resection and 0 for patients who received simple cholecystectomy. The median survival time was 45 months for patients in stage Ⅱ who received standard radical resection and 12 months for patients in stage Ⅱ who received simple cholecystectomy, and their 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 67%, 33%, 33% and 50%, 0, 0, respectively, with significant differences ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of patients in stage Ⅲ who received standard radical resection were 33%, 17% and 6%, respectively. The survival time of patients who received extended radical resection was longer than 12 months, while the survival time of patients who received standard radical resection or other palliative therapy was shorter than 12 months. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of patients in stage Ⅳ who received extended radical resection and standard radical resection were 38%, 12%, 0and 14%, 0, 0, respectively. The survival time of patients in stage Ⅳ who received other treatments was shorter than 12 months. Lymph node metastasis were identified in 7 patients in stage T2(n = 15), 7 patients in stage T3(n = 14), and 12 patients in stage T4(n = 13), no patient in stage T1 (n =2) was found with lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Lymph node metastasis is significantly influenced by the depth of invasion of the gallbladder cancer. For patients in stage T1b, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, radical resection of gallbladder cancer is necessary; for patients in stage Ⅳ, although the incidence of complication is higher, the survival time is much longer when compared with other treatments.

The concept of golden mean (Zhong Yong), i.e. moderation, is the highest principle of moral cultivation in Confucianism. It entails an exclusive methodology in addressing politics, philosophy and everything in the universe. This concept has permeated into all aspects of traditional Chinese culture. As an ancient therapy, tuina is an important part of Chinese medicine and has its characteristic theory and methods. Just like Chinese medicine, tuina has long been greatly influenced by the concept of golden mean. To better promote the development of tuina, it’s necessary to investigate the historical evolution of tuina and the concept of golden mean as well as the influence of ‘golden mean’ idea on tuina manipulation, mechanism and treatment.

Objective:This article collected, organized, and summarized the medical literatures of cupping therapy from three major Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP (VIP), and WanFang, with cupping, moving cupping, flash cupping, pricking cupping, or medicinal cupping as the retrieve title or key words, and the retrieve range was from 1953 to July 15, 2015. This article was to give an overall review of cupping therapy from the clinical application and mechanism research based on its application form, indications, and mechanism research progress. The results showed that there are various types of cupping methods; its indications cover multiple subjects such as internal medicine, external medicine, gynecology and pediatrics; and its major action mechanisms include negative pressure suction, increasing pain threshold, promoting dermal blood flow and improving body immunity.

Objective To assess the effects of intraventricular conduction abnormality on left ventricular function in dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods The study composed of 3 groups,16 patients of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) without wide QRS complexes, 16 patients of DCM with complete left bundle branch block(CLBBB),and 16 age-matched healthy individuals,all showing sinus rhythm and being complicated with mitral regurgitation. Pre-ejection contraction time(PET), left ventricular ejection time(LVET), left ventricular filling time(LVFT), myocardial performance index(MPI), mitral regurgitation time(MRT), stroke volume(SV) were recorded with pulsed or continuous-wave Doppler. Pulse tissue Doppler imagining(TDI) was performed to measure the time dispersity of electromechanical motion of left ventricular in systole and diastole on the atrial-ventricular annulus with mapping techniques. Results Time dispersity of electromechanical motion of adjacent left ventricular segments in systole[((77.9)?(13.6))ms vs ((52.1)?(13.2))ms vs ((28.3)?(7.2))ms, P

The Wnt pathway plays a crucial role in skeletal development and is indispensable for determination of OS cell lines. In recent years, experimental evidences on Wnt signaling pathway in OS cell lines and OS animal models, and that of Wnt signaling pathway as a diagnosis and prognosis marker of OS suggested that Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the progression, invasion and metastasis of OS. In addition, the strategy and safety evaluation to target Wnt to treat OS are underway. Exploring the significant role of Wnt signaling pathway in OS may aid in personalizing therapeutics to increase patient survival.

Objective To reveal the evolution, research hotspots and research fronts of clinical pharmacy services. Methods Documents related to clinical pharmacy services from 2000 to 2015 in Web of Science Core Collection database are included.Documents are visually analyzed through a number of co-citation maps, which identified the critical node documents in the revolution of clinical pharmacy services research by knowledge visualization tool, CiteSpace. Its functions of clustering and burst terms detection were also applied to analyze the research hotspots and research fronts. Results This paper determined the distribution of documents on time period, journals, countries and research institutions. Critical node documents perfectly showed the evolution pathway of clinical pharmacy services, main cluster groups and burst terms and documents, indicating the research hotspots and research fronts. Conclusion The research hotspots focus on 3 aspects.1 .Practice, including the service model and content of clinical pharmacy services;its interventions in diseases of emergency, organ transplantation, cardiovascular disea-ses and diabetes;surveys on developing clinical pharmacy services;genotype-guided individualized dosing;remote pharmacy serv-ices.2.Evaluation, including the assessment of the effects of pharmacists' interventions, service quality evaluation, and pharmaco-economic evaluation.3.Pharmacists' career development, including Pharmacists' training pattern, qualification, pharmacy residen-cy programs and job satisfaction.

Objective To analyze the X ray findings of enema unreduced (including 4 perforations ) intussusception so as to improve the knowledge about the difficulty of reduction by air enema or the risk of perforation. Methods Of the 552 cases, 506 cases were successfully reduced by air enema. The range of air pressure was 6.67 to 14.67 kPa(60～110 mm Hg). Forty six unreduced cases were cured by operation. The films were taken before and during the reduction period. X ray findings were analyzed compared with that of the operative pathology. Results (1)Abdominal plain films showed total obstruction in 26 cases and asctis in 4 cases; (2) Air enema showed big and lobular masses in 36 cases and the location of masses in distal part of colon in 22 cases; (3)Operation pathology: ileoilecolic intussusception in 35 cases, 15 cases with intestinal necrosis (including 4 perforation cases). In 3 cases, perforations were in the intussusceptum,the other in the intussuscipiens. Conclusion 92% of intussusceptions can be reducted by pressure of air enema. Complex intussusception, with intestinal necrosis and primary intussusceptum, are difficult to reduce, and these patients ought to be operated on time.

Objective To make molecular diagnosis for puerile spinal muscular atrophy(SMA).Methods Genomic DNA was extracted directly from the blood of both the case group(10 children with SMA) and the control group(including 19 parents of SMA patients and 20 healthy individuals).Two methods,polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) and allele-specific PCR,were used to analyze exon 7 of SMN gene from genomic DNA,and consequent electrophoresis of PCR products on agarose gel was performed.Results Genotyping results obtained by both methods were in complete agreement for all of the samples analyzed.In conventional PCR-RFLP,part of the PCR products(189bp) from genomic DNA of all 39 members in the control group remained intact after digestion with Dra I,while the PCR products from genomic DNA of all 10 SMA children in the case group was completely digested by Dra I.In allele-specific PCR,exon 7 of both SMN1 and SMN2 could be seen when genomic DNA of all 39 members in the control group was used,while only SMN2's exon 7 could be seen when genomic DNA of all 10 SMA children in the case group was used.Conclusion Homozygous deletion of SMN1 was present in all 10 SMA children in the case group,while homozygous deletion of SMN1 was not detected in all 39 members in the control group.The combination of PCR-RFLP and allele-specific PCR,both their results can be references for each other,offers efficient and accurate methodology for molecular diagnosis of SMA.

Animals ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Glutamic Acid ; physiology ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; Neurons ; cytology ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley