Objective To investigate the damage mechanism of fluetuant high glucose on the INS-1 cells (pancreatic β-cell lines).Methods The cells were divided into five groups:the control groups (A group:5.5 mmol/L of glucose),the continuing high glucose group (B group:16.7 mmoL/L of glucose),the fluctuant glucose group ( C group:16.7 mmol/L of glucose for cultivation for 2 h,then the concentration changed to 5.5 mmol/L for cultivation for 3 h,which was repeated 3 times per day;the ceils were kept in the medium containing 5.5 mmol/L of glucose during night time for 9 h),the continuing high glucose plus NAC ( 1.0 mmo/L) group ( D group),the fluctuant glucose plus NAC group ( E group).The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by the flow cytometry.The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was estimated by the tetrazolium linked cytochemical method.Results 72 h after intervention,the levels of ROSwere 37.77±2.31,86.97±7.97,124.27±10.04,60.92±2.61 and 51.47±3.36,respectively,in A～E group;the activities of G6PD were 1.25±0.03,1.09±0.02,1.03±0.01,1.12±0.02 and 1.21±0.01,respectively;the levels of NADPH were (0.123±0.003) mmol/mg prot,(0.112±0.004) mmoL/mg prot,(0.099±0.002 ) mmol/mg prot,( 0.116±0.005 ) mmol/mg prot and ( 0.120±0.002) mmol/mg prot,respectively.The level of ROS in the cells of the fluctuant glucose group were significantly higher than that in the continuing high glucose group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The G6PD activity and NADPH was significantly lower in fluctuant high glucose group than those in the continuing high glucose group (P ＜0.01 ).NAC co-cultivation decreased the extent of cell's change.Conclusions Exposure of INS-1 to high glucose lead to increased oxidative stress, possible mechanism included decreased G6PD activity and subsequent imbalance between oxidation and reduction.

Objective To identify whether the branches of cervical nerve roots joined into the accessory nerve trunk or not.Methods In 10 adult cadavers (7 males and 3 females, including 20 laterals of brachial plexus nerves), we observe source of cervical plexus branches to the accessory nerve anatomically.In 10 clinical cases of males with brachial plexus nerve injures, in the supraclavicular approach of brachial plexus exploration, the part of the supraclavicular cutaneous nerve for histological specimen were cut off;in the posterior approach, electrical stimulation of the trunk and branches of cervical plexus were performed to observed istaltrapezius muscle contraction.After accessory nerve transfer, the residual terminal accessory nerve and branch of cervical plexus were taked for histological specimens;and observed and judged of each nerve sample by acetylcholinesterase (AchE) immunohistochemical staining.Results In 10 of 20 lateral cases, cervical plexus communicating branches were derived from the fourth cervical nerve root.The intraoperative electrical stimulation of the accessory nerve trunk, 10 cases of distal trapezius muscle were significantly shrink;electrical stimulation of the cervical plexus branch, 2 cases after stimulation of the mild distal trapezius contraction, the remaining 8 cases without trapezius muscle contraction.10 cases of supraclavicular nerve staining for AchE were negative, 10 cases of accessory nerve terminal branches of AchE staining were mixed,10 cases of branch AchE cervical plexus to the accessory nerve staining were negative.Conclusion The branches of the fourth cervical nerve root constantly joins into the accessory nerve, participating in the trapezius muscle inner vation, the fibers of the branches are sensorial fibers.

BACKGROUND:Placental mesenchymal stem cel s with rich sources are similar to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in terms of morphology, surface markers and differentiation potential, which are one of ideal mesenchymal stem cel s in human body. However, there are few studies addressing the ultrastructure and phagocytotic function of human placental mesenchymal stem cel s and its physiological role in the the placenta has been little explored. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the ultrastrcture and phagocytotic function of placental mesenchymal stem cel s. METHODS:Placental mesenchymal stem cel s obtained from five placentae of normal pregnancy were cultured in vitro and observed for ultrastructure under transmission electron microscope. The fluorescent beads were added in the supernatant for 3 hours, and then the phagocytosis of placental mesenchymal stem cel s was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the transmission electron microscope, placental mesenchymal stem cel s had large nuclei with prominent nucleoli. In the cytoplasm, a plenty of rough endoplasmic reticula was seen, dilated or stacked. The cytoplasm was also rich in Golgi apparatus and lysosomes. The cel surfaces were covered by microvil i. The intercel ular junctions could be seen occasional y. A part of cel s from these five samples could phagocytose fluorescence beads, which ranged from 49.6%to 18.4%. The ultrastructural characteristics of placental mesenchymal stem cel s suggested these cel s were active to synthesize and secrete proteins and had phagocytotic function, indicating placental mesenchymal stem cel s may play a role in keeping the balance of micro-environments and clean the foreign substances in the placenta.

Objective To study the possible mechanisms by which repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) pretreatment antagonizes seizures induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine and any correlation with antiapoptosis in hippocampal CA1 neurons.Methods Thirty rats were randomly divided into a control group, a sham stimulation group and an rTMS pretreatment group. The rTMS pretreatment group was pretreated on 7 consecutive days with low-frequency rTMS (0.5 Hz, 75％ of threshold intensity, 20 times/bundle, and 5 bundles/d), while the sham-stimulation group was sham-stimulated with a similar sound. Lithium chloride-pilocarpine ( LPC ) was used to induce a model epileptic state.Epileptic stroke latency and severity were recorded ; neuronal morphology was observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; mean positive-reactive cell number and mean optical density and absorbance of B cell lymphoma/leukemia gene-2 (Bcl-2) were recorded, and Fas and Caspase-3 protein in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed with immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the sham stimulation group, epileptic latency in the rTMS pretreatment group was significantly longer. Seizures in the rTMS pretreatment group were less severe, and a number of degenerated neurons were observed to be apoptotic. Bcl-2 protein expression increased at each time point, but Fas and Caspase-3 protein expression decreased.Conclusions rTMS pretreatment has an anti-epilepsy effect. The possible neuronal protection might be produced by regulating the expression of Bcl-2, Fas and Caspase-3 protein in the hippocampus.

373 adult cases with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus were treated with, Shenqi Jiung Tang (SJT) Tablet and 108 cases with phenformin as control. The result showed that the symptoms were remarkably alleviated after treatment with SJT tablet. Blood glucose was decreased by 94.36％; 24-hour urine sugar was decreased by 85.79％ the total effective rate was 83.16％. The effect was significantly better than that of control group (p

OBJECTIVETo compare therapeutic effects between surgical and conservative treatment for postoperative lumbar discitis.

METHODSFrom January 2004 to January 2009, 41 patients (17 males and 24 females ranging the age from 37 to 68 years with an average of 53.6 years) with postoperative lumbar discitis were retrospectively studied and divided into two groups. There were 19 patients in operation group, 22 patients in conservative group. Clinical data and features,image data, laboratory examinations, antibiotics utilization, hospital stays and sequelae were recorded and analyzed. Visual analogue scales system (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were applied to evaluate therapeutic effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up over 2 years. Imaging revealed good bone fusion and no occurrence of discitis. VAS score and ODI at 1 month, 1 year and 2 years were significantly improved after treatment (P < 0.01). While VAS and ODI in operation group at 1 month were improved more than that of conservative group (P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference between two groups at 1 year and 2 years (P > 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSurgical and conservative treatment for postoperative lumbar discitis is effective. Surgical treatment is superior to conservative treatment in a short time, while conservative treatment can achieve long-term satisfactory curative effects.

Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Discitis ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; drug effects ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To determine the morphology, bacteria and endotoxin content of bio-films on the inner surface of PVC tubes in hemodialysis water treatment system. Methods We dissolved biofilms of segments before and after reverse osmosis machine for bacterial count and identification. We studied biofilm structure of segments before and after reverse osmosis machine with eyes and scanning electron microscope. Biofilms of all 7 segments were dissolved for qualitative and quantitative assay of endotoxin. Results The inner surface of segment before reverse osmosis machine was homogeneously distributed with activated carbon powder deposition. The segment after reverse osmosis machine was normal. With scanning electron microscope, biofilm with successive surface and sandwich was found on the inner surface of segment before reverse osmosis machine, formed by clustering bacillus, activated carbon powder and some coccus. Bacteria of the same shape and length were found on segment after reverse osmosis machine, but fewer and looser. Bacterial culture and identification showed the former was mostly gram-negative bacillus, the latter was only a few micrococcus. Endotox-in of biofilm was between 2. 0 EU/mL and 4. 0 EU/mL. Quantitative assay showed: segment after softener (2.821 ±0. 807) EU/mL; segment after active charcoal canister(3. 635 ±0. 427) EU/ mL; segment before reverse osmosis machine (3.687 ±0.271) EU/mL; segment after reverse osmosis machine (2. 041 ±0. 295) EU/mL; exit of power pump (1. 983 ±0. 390) EU/mL; the 1st dead space (2. 373 ± 0. 535) EU/mL; and the 2nd dead space (2. 858 ± 0. 690) EU/mL. Conclusion Biofilms are found on the inner surface of segment before and after reverse osmosis machine . Endotoxin level from high to low is as follows: segment before reverse osmosis machine, segment after active charcoal canister, the 2 nd dead space, segment after softener, the 1 st dead space, segment after reverse osmosis machine, exit of power pump. The character of the bacteria and endotoxin of the biofilm can help us find better ways to control them.

To identify SJCHGC01743 gene of Schistosoma japonicum and evaluate the potential of the recombinant protein as a new vaccine candidate for schistosomiasis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to amplify the cDNA of the gene and real-time RT-PCR was used to analyze the transcription profiles of SJCHGC01743 at different development stages. Recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed and transformed into competent Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Then the recombinant protein was expressed, purified and emulsified with ISA206 adjuvant to immunize BALB/c mice for three times. The immunogenicity was confirmed by Western blotting and tissue localization was detected by indirect immunofluorescent assay. The specific antibody level was detected by ELISA. The immunoprotection of rSjOST48 was evaluated by the reduction in worm and egg counts in mice. A cDNA with 1 248 nucleotides was isolated from 28-day-old schistosomes cDNAs by PCR. Sequence analysis revealed that SJCHGC01743 was a 48-kDa subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex (OST48) and named as SjOST48. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that this gene was expressed in all investigated stages and had the highest expression level in 28 d worms, the level of gene transcription in female worms was significantly higher than that of male worms. Then recombinant plasmid pET28a(+)-SjOST48 was successfully constructed and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Western blotting analysis showed that rSjOST48 had good immunogenicity. Indirect immunofluorescent analysis revealed that SjOST48 was mainly distributed on the tegument of the worms. The result of ELISA indicated that the rSjOST48 vaccinated group could induce a significant increase in the level of specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a. An immunoprotection experiment showed that the vaccination of rSjOST48 in mice induced 32.62% (P < 0.05) reduction in the numbers of worms and 57.61% (P < 0.01) in eggs in liver, compared with that of the control group. This study provides the foundation for proceeding further research on the biological function of SjOST48 and screening new vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis.
Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth ; blood ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Genes, Helminth ; Helminth Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; immunology ; Schistosoma japonicum ; genetics ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; prevention & control ; Vaccination

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; blood ; drug therapy ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Lamivudine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate hereditary susceptibility to coronary heart disease (CHD) in apolipoprotein E(apo E) and apo B polymorphisms of youths.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to analyze apoE, apoB Xba I, apoB 3' variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) genotypes for 244 healthy Han students (among them were 109 students with positive CHD family history).

RESULTSThe allele frequencies of apo e4, XbaI x(+), 3'VNTR-B(hypervariable element, HVE>38) in the positive group were obviously higher than those in the negative group(P<0.05), and were significantly correlated with the increase in TC, LDL-C, apoB100 levels (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe alleles for apo e4, XbaI x(+), 3'VNTR-B may be the important genetic markers of Han CHD.

Adolescent ; Alleles ; Apolipoproteins B ; genetics ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; Coronary Disease ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Young Adult