Most of the individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have nutritional problems in metabolism in energy, glucose, fat and vitamin after injury, which would influence the quality of life. Nutrition intervention program includes personalized nutrition consultation, correcting the imbalance of energy and lipid, supply of creatine and vitamins associated with energy metabolism, monitoring, and health promotion, are helpful to reduce the risk of complications related with metabolism.

The outcome of spinal cord injury is related to many factors, such as mechanism and severity of injury, and differences of individual. The standard of clinical trial plays a very important role in the reliability of the research. especially the inclusion and exclusion criterias, ethical issues, treatment standardization, informed consent and other issues. The effect of these factors on the clinical trial of spinal cord injury was summarized in this article. The inclusion and exclusion criterias to control the consistency should be developed based on the specific research content. Informed consent for clinical trial is also necessary, especially to the clinical trials with uncertainly benefits and risks, as well as the standardization of the operation procedures and rehabilitation treatment.

Objective To study the risk factors of skin lesion (keratosis and abnormal skin pigmentation) of population exposed to arsenic via drinking water in Inner Mongolia.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 902 cases from Linhe district,Hanghou and Wuyuan county in Inner Mongolia and physical examination was done.They were interviewed for information by questionnaire.The sample of fingernails and drinking water were collected.Water arsenic (As) was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS); fingernail As and Se content were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis(INAA).Data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression.Results Single factor analysis showed that risk factors of keratosis were age,pesticide,arsenic in nails,smoking,years of smoking,drinking of alcohol,arsenic content in drinking water,fluorosis and duration of drinking arsenic-containing water,while occupation,nail selenium content and vitamin were protective factors.There were 10 risk factors for pigment abnormalities,which were age,pesticide,arsenic in nails,smoking,years of smoking,numbers of cigarette smoked daily,drinking of alcohol,fluorosis,the arsenic content in drinking water and duration of drinking arseniccontaining water,while sex,occupation and nails with selenium were protective factors.The multivariate factor analysis showed that the risk factors of keratosis were age,pesticide and arsenic content in drinking water(OR =1.387,1.583,1.321,all P ＜ 0.05),while occupation and vitamin were protective factors(OR =0.307,0.260,all P ＜ 0.05).The risk factors of abnormal skin pigmentation were age,pesticide,arsenic in nails,fluorosis and arsenic content in drinking water(OR =1.724,2.636,2.741,3.699,1.863,all P ＜ 0.05),while sex was protective factor(OR =0.255,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Many factors have influence on endemic arsenism and a composite measure should be implemented to prevent it such as excluding arsenic from drinking water,health education,and a reasonably intake of nutrients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between chronic pain and painprone meutal disorders and investigate the effect of psychological intervention and medication.DATA SOURCES: Related literatures about the relationship between chronic pain and pain-prone mental disorders were searched on computer in Medline and Embase from January 1989 to May 2004 with the retrieval word of "Chronic pain, emotional disorder, treatment", the language was limited to English. The subjects were patients who suffered from chronic pain for above 6 months.STUDY SELECTION: Related literatures about the relationship between chronic pain and pain-prone mental disorders and its therapeutic interventions were carried on primary trial to delete those obsolete and repetitive literatures, and the others were used to search in the full text. The quality was appraised mainly on the basis of the data authenticity, preciseness of the designation, strictness of the implementation and reasonability of the statistical analysis.DATA EXTRACTION: Altogether 20 literatures were obtained and 11literatures were proved accordant with the inclusion standard. 9 literatures were excluded because 7 were repetitive experiments and two were Meta analyses.DATA SYNTHESIS: 11 literatures include experimental group and control group, patients in the experimental group were treated with analgetic combined with psychological intervention and antidepressant while those in the control group were only given analgetic; the outcomes of the two groups were compared.CONCLUSION: Chronic pain may co-exist with emotional disorders. It can be remarkably alleviated by the administration of analgetic combined with psychological intervention and antidepressant, which proves better than single analgetic medication.

Objective To discuss the value of transcatheter artery embolization for the treatment of GI massive hemorrhage. Methods Seventy-eight GI massive bleeding cases underwent emergency angiography. Intraarterial embolization was performed in 86 arteries of the 78 patients. All patients were followed up for 1 to 10 years. Results Bleeding stopped immediately in 100% of the patients. Bleeding recurred in 16 cases from 48 hours to 37 monthes. Conclusion Arterial embolization for digestive tract bleeding is safe and effective during emergency angiography to buy a time for definite treatment for some patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the combination of percutaneous transhepatic embolization of gastroesophageal varices (PEGV) and partial splenic embolization(PSE) for the treatment of variceal bleeding. Methods Fifty patients with cirrhosis who fit in with the requirements of the study were randomly divided into dual-interventional group and surgical group. The patients in dual-interventional group were treated with PEGV together with PSE, and the patients in surgery group were treated with Hassab's operation. After the procedure all the patients in two groups were followed up periodically. The endoscopy, B ultrasonography, liver function tests and hematologic examinations were performed 24 months after the therapy, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results Fifty patients were enrolled in this study. The procedures of embolization and surgery were successful in all patients. In dual-interventional group, the whit eblood cell and platelet counts were (2.33±0.65) 10~9/L and (3.63±1.05) ×10~9/L respectively before the treatment and were (7.98±3.0) ×10~9/L and (163±91)× 10~9/L respectively 24 months after the treatment (P<0.05). The diameter of theportal vein was (1.47±0.25) cm before the treatment and was(1.31±0.23) cm 24 months after the treatment (P<0.05). The severity of esophageal varices decreased from grade Ⅲ to lower grade Ⅱ in 11 patients, and from grade Ⅱ to lower grade Ⅰ in 6 patients 24 months after procedure. Portal thrombosis occurred in 1 case. The recurrent bleeding rate was 16% (4/25) 24 months after treatment. Three patients died of the recurrent bleeding, one patient died of hepatic failure. In surgical group, the white blood cell and platelet counts were (2.2±0.60) ×10~9/L and (41±12.5) ×109/L before treatment, and were (9.3±2.56)×10~9/L and (321±12.5)×10~9/L 24 months after treatment (P<0.05). The diameter of the portal vein was (1.43±0.22) cm before the treatment and was (1.28±0.18) cm after the treatment (P<0.05). The severity of esophageal varices decreased from grade Ⅲ to lower grade Ⅱ in 13 patients, and from grade Ⅱ to lower grade Ⅰ in 7 patients. Four patients developed portal thrombosis after the procedure. The recurrent bleeding rate was 20%(5/25), 2 patients died of hepatic failure after the surgery, 2 died of recurrent bleeding. Conclusion In treating patients with cirrhosis, the combination of PGEV and PSE, regarded as dual-interventional therapy, is very effective, especially in controlling recurrent bleeding and in improving white blood cell and platelet counts.

Objective To study the influence of arsenic exposure on menstruation.Methods A cluster sampling method was applied to select the subjects of women aged 10 to 65 from Linhe,Hangjinhouqi and Wuyuan counties in Inner Mongolia in 2004.Drinking water samples were collected to detect arsenic levels,and menstrual related situation was surveyed.The subjects were divided into four groups according to drinking water arsenic concentration:control(≤0.01 mg/L),low(＞ 0.01-0.10 mg/L),moderate(＞ 0.10-0.20 mg/L) and high(＞ 0.20mag/L).Results A total of 602 women were surveyed.There were 83 subjects exposed to arsenic before menarche and their menarche age was (14.37 ± 1.54) years old.There were 90 people exposed to arsenic before menopause and the menopause age was (48.13-0.41) years old.The age of menarche and menopause were positively related to the years of arsenic exposure,and correlation coefficients were 0.268 and 0.278 (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared to control group(14.0％,16/112),menstrual abnormality rate decreased in low(12.1％,21/173) and high dose groups(10.2％,19/186),while increased in the moderate dose group(18.2％,16/88),but the differences were not statistically significant(x2 =3.664,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Long-term arsenic exposure delays the menarche and menopause age,suggesting that arsenic has certain endocrine disruption or estrogen-like effects.

ObjectiveTo find out the quality of life of inhabitants living in endemic arsenism areas after drinking-water improvement and related influencing factors.MethodsCase group ( 118 people) of arsenicosis,and control group (237 people ) of nearby residents without arsenicosis in endemic arsenic areas after drinking-water improvement in Shanxi and Inner Mongolia and outside control group(116 people) not exposed to arsenic in nearby non-arsenic areas were selected to be interviewed using homogeneous validity and reliability of the World Health Organization quality of life(WHOQOL-BREF,Chinese Version) in 2010,and physical health,psychological,social relationships,environment scores and total score were calculated,respectively.Covariance analysis was used to find out the real difference in the three groups and multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors on quality of life.Results The scores of physical health,psychological,social relationships,environment and total score of case group were ( 12.14 ± 2.68),( 12.18 ± 2.22),( 14.81 ± 2.24),(11.33 ± 1.92),(69.27 ± 16.23) points,respectively,and those of internal control group were ( 13.39 ± 2.67),( 12.80 ± 1.88 ),( 15.16 ± 1.80),( 11.72 ± 1.62),(75.49 ± 14.50) points,respectively,those of control group were (13.91 ± 254),(13.67 ± 2.14),(15.07 ± 1.36),(12.64 ± 1.68),(78.41 ± 12.03) points,respectively.Them was significant difference in physical health,psychological,environment scores and total score among the three groups(F =7.57,10.74,13.44,10.77,all P ＜ 0.05),of which case group was significantly lower than those of the inside and outside control group(all P ＜0.01 ),while in the control group the psychological and environment scores were lower than those of the external control group(all P ＜ 0.01 ).Health,whether-or-not arsenicosis patient,annual per capita income,age and sex were influential factors of quality of life among inhabitants living in endemic arsenism areas after drinking-water improvement (all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Quality of life among inhabitants living in endemic arsenism areas after drinking-water improvement is lower than residents of non-arsenic areas.

OBJECTIVETo assess the feasibility and the significance of surgical resection of small intrahepatic lesions adjacent to the major vasculature.

METHODSThe results of treatment were retrospectively reviewed in 40 patients who received operation for intrahepatic lesions less than 3 cm in diameter between Jan. 2003 and Dec. 2005. The lesions were all adjacent to the major vasculature in the liver.

RESULTSIn the 40 patients, a total of 44 small intrahepatic lesions were successfully resected with minimal morbidity and blood loss (mean 163 ml). A second lesion was found in 4 patients (10%) during intraoperative exploration. Histologically the lesion was malignant in 29 cases (including 4 cases with two lesions) and benign in 11 cases, with correct preoperative diagnosis in 62.5% of all cases. For 26 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year postoperative survival rates were 90.1%, 83.2% and 64.7%, respectively, while the patients with benign lesions were cured with the operation.

CONCLUSIONSSurgical resection of small intrahepatic lesions adjacent to the major vasculature is demanding but feasible and with satisfying effect. The significance of surgical management of these small lesions is not only excising the lesions but also making definite diagnosis and finding new lesions in some patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Vessels ; pathology ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver ; blood supply ; pathology ; surgery ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo establish the quality standard of PsL injections containing mainly 5F (ent-11alpha-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic-acid).

METHODThe identification of PsL was performed by thin-layer chromatography, and the content was determined by HPLC. The column was Hypersil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), the mobile phase was the mixture of methane-water-acitic acid (55:45: 0.045) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1), the detective wavelength was 254 nm, and the column temperature was maintained at 35 degrees C. The pH value and K+ content of the three batchs injection were determined with pH meter and flame photometric meter, and the contents of tannin, protein, oxalic acid salt and heavy metals were detected by deferent methods.

RESULTThe TLC method was suitable for the identification of PsL5F. The linearity for 5F was obtained over the range of 30-240 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.999 8), the average recovery of 5F was 99.8%. The injections were of pH value range from 7.80 to 8.20, K+ contents less than 10 mmol x L(-1), and the contents of tannin, protein, oxalic acid salt and heavy metals were qualified with the Chinese pharmacopoeia, respectively.

CONCLUSIONIt's sensitive and reliable that can be used as quality control methods of PsL5F injections.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Injections ; Reproducibility of Results