Objective To study the mechanism and the nomenclature of the lumbar disk herniation associated with posterior bony edge separation of the vertebral body, based on its CT findings in transverse and sagittal planes. Methods 18 patients with lumbar disk herniation were evaluated with the CT scan and sagittal reconstruction. Results There were 19 lumbar herniated disks associated with separated posterior bony edge of the vertebral body which protruded into the spinal canal. There was bony defect filled with disk material. In the sagittal plane, the bony separation and the posterior edge of the vertebral body formed the “V” type defect at 15 levels, and 4 were irregular or triangular. 15 cases of the disc herniation had bony separations and 4 had bone connection with the vertebral body. There were bony defect and sclerosis on the vertebral body edge. Conclusion The main mechanism was the separation compression of the herniated disk on the posterior vertebral body. The bony separation was the secondary change. So the authors suggest that such anatomical pathologic changes be named as intervertebral disk herniation associated with posterior bony separation of the lumbar vertebrae.

Objective Hypotension can be induced by sodium nitroprusside(SNP) combined with propofol more easily and with less amount of each drug. But both SNP and propofol were reported to inhibit platelet aggregation. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of controlled hypotension induced by SNP alone or in combination with propofol on human platelet aggregation. Methods Fifty-six ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ patients (30 male, 26 female), aged 20-54 (36.0 ? 11.2) years and weighing 42-79 (67.6?14.3)kg, undergoing elective neurosurgery were randomly assigned to one of four groups: A control group ( n = 14) ; B propofol group ( n = 14) ; C SNP group( n = 14) and D SNP + propofol group ( n = 14) . The patients were premedicated with luminal 0.lg and atropine 0.5 mg. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.2 mg ?kg-1 , fentanyl 5 ?g?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg-1 and maintained with isoflurane inhalation and intermittent boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. In group A and B no hypotension was induced. In group C and D hypotension was induced by 0.01 % SNP infusion (0.5-5 ?g?kg-1?min-1 ) alone or combined with propofol infusion(2-3 mg?kg-1?h-1 ) . As soon as the dura was cut, hypotension was induced. MAP was reduced by 30 % and maintained at ( 67.80 ? 9.64 ) mm Hg on average. Radial artery was cannulated for continuous BP monitoring. In order to avoid the effect of colloid and homologous transfusion on platelet function, only Ringer' s lactate was infused during operation in the four groups. Blood samples were taken from peripheral vein before skin incision, 30min and 1h after hypotension was induced and 2h after surgery for determination of platelet aggregation, prothrombin time and plasma level of NO2 -/NO3- .Results Platelet aggregation was significantly inhibited in group C and D at 30 min and Ih after induction of hypotension as compared with the baseline (before operation) . There was significant difference in the inhibition of platelet aggregation among the four groups. The inhibition was greatest in group D. There was no significant change in prothrombin time after induction of hypotension in the four groups. Plasma level of NO2-/NO3 - increased significantly at 30 min and 1h after induction of hypotension in group C and D. Conclusions SNP combined with propofol has inhibitory effect on human platelet aggregation during controlled hypotension and increased in plasma NO2 -/NO3-level may be the mechanism.

Objective:To explore the protective effect of vitexin on retinal ganglion stem cells (RGCs) from oxidative stress caused by retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) in rats and its possible mechanism.Methods:Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into the model group, vitexin group and normal control group by random number table, with 20 rats in each group.The right eyes were taken as experimental eyes.Rats in the model group and the vitexin group were treated with anterior chamber perfusion to establish RIR models.Rats in the vitexin group were given intraperitoneal injection of vitexin at a dose of 25 mg/(kg·d) for 7 days.Rats in the model group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline.For the normal control group, the experimental eyes underwent anterior chamber puncture without increasing the intraocular pressure, and were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline.On the 7th day following modeling, the rats were sacrificed by overdose anesthesia.Histopathology staining was used to detect the thickness of retina and the number of RGCs.Retrograde tracing with Fluoro-Gold was used to detect the density of RGCs.TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of RGCs.Colorimetric method was used to detected superoxidate dismutase (SOD) activity and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Western blot method was used to detect the relative expression levels of cytoplasmic Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, nuclear Nrf2 proteins in rat retina.The use and care of animals followed the ARVO Statement.This study protocol was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECA-2019-04).Results:The retinal thickness was (90.21±3.55)μm in the model group, which was significantly lower than (128.20±5.31)μm in the normal control group and (119.65±6.14)μm in the vitexin group, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05). The average density of RGCs was (1 300.85±14.00)/mm 2 in the model group, which was significantly lower than(2 330.12±15.05)/mm 2 in the normal control group and (1 921.64±11.78)/mm 2 in the vitexin group, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05). The rate of TUNEL positive RGCs was (68.34±5.04)% in the model group, which was significantly higher than (3.01±0.18)% in the normal control group and (35.51±2.04)% in the vitexin group, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group and the vitexin group, the SOD activity in the retinal tissue of the rats was lower and the concentrations of MDA and NO were higher in the model group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The expression level of cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein was the lowest in the vitexin group, then following the model group and the normal control group, and the relative expression levels of HO-1, NQO1 and nuclear Nrf2 protein were the highest in the vitexin group, then followed the model group and normal control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Vitexin can reduce the apoptosis of RGCs and alleviate oxidative stress damage of retina in RIR rat model.This protective effect may be achieved by activating Nrf2-related signaling pathway.

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the alterations of T_1、T_2 lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer. MethodsTwenty patients with primary colorectal cancer were enrolled into this study, T_1 and T_2 in the peripheral blood were evaluated by detecting the intracellular interferon-? and interleukin-4 production with 4-color flow cytometry. ResultsThe percentage of T_1 and T_2 in the peripheral blood of cancer patients was lower significantly than healthy controls [(36?11)% and 3.3(1.9)% vs. (46?12)% and 4.1(3.1)%](P

Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Water

Dental Occlusion ; Esthetics, Dental ; Humans ; Mechanoreceptors ; Temporomandibular Joint

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of mirtazapine combined with citalopram in the treat-ment of sleep disorder in depressive patients. METHODS:One hundred and sixty-five depressive patients with sleep disorder were selected and divided into control group (82 cases) and treatment group (83 cases) according to random number table. Control group took Escitalopram oxalate tablet 10 mg,once every night,increasing to 20 mg according to disease condition;treatment group was additionally given Mirtazapine tablet 15 mg,once every night,increasing to 30 mg one week later. Both groups re-ceived treatment for consecutive 6 months. HAMD-17 and MADRS were observed in 2 groups before and after treatment,and the sleep quality of 2 groups were evaluated by PSQI before and after treatment;the sleep structure was measured by using polysom-nography before and after treatment;clinical efficacies and the occurrence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in HAMD-17,MADRS and PSQI score,sleep structure between 2 groups (P>0.05);after treatment,above scores and indexes of 2 groups were all improved significantly,and the treatment group was sig-nificantly better than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Total response rate of treatment group was 97.47%, which was significantly higher than 78.95%of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical signif-icance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Citalopram combined with mirtazapine shows sig-nificant therapeutic efficacy for sleep disorder of depressive patients,and can significantly improve sleep structure,adjust sleep cy-cle and improve sleep quality with good safety.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of autogenous bone grafts in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients following early orthodontic tooth movement,and to determine the volume of new bone formation in the bone grafted region with spiral computed tomography.Methods Computed tomography scans of 12 patients were taken immediately preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively.The patients underwent bone grafting between 9 and 13 years of age were divided into two groups based on whether postoperative orthodontic tooth movement were initiated or not.Three-dimensional models were created in each period,and the defect of alveolar cleft and volume of the newly formed bone were calculated in each patient.The roots of the moved teeth and their positions to the alveolar bone were also observed.Results The preoperative cleft width and cleft volume were not significantly different between both groups.The volume of the newly formed bone in group A was (0.98±0.23) mm3,significantly higher than that in group B,which was (0.73± 0.15) mm3.The rate of newly formed bone in group A was (72.5 ± 11.9)％,significantly higher than that in group B,which was (53.2±9.7)％.The cleft adjacent teeth could move smoothly into the bone grated area,with no root resorption observed in the computed tomography scans.Conclusions Early orthodontic tooth movement can reduce bone resorption in autogenous bone grafted unilateral cleft lip and palate patients through the observation of spiral computed tomography.It plays an active role in the bone remolding process after bone grafting.

AIM: To observe the liver protective effect of Sanqishentai Capsules (Radix Notoginseng, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae and Fructus Ziziph:Jujubae, etc.) in order to develop a series of compound Notoginseng. METHODS: By injecting CCl 4 in mouse's abdomen to cause the liver injury as model. The effect of the index of ALT, AST was mensurated that use the small, middle, big dosage of Sanqibaogan Capsules, at the same time the liver was examined in pathologic histology. RESULTS: The different dosages of Sanqishentai Capsules could obviously reduce the serum ALT, AST and the pathologic injury of the liver cells caused by CCl 4. CONCLUSION: Sanqibaogan Capsules have the obvious protection to the ocute and chemical liver injury of the mice.

Aim To investigate subcellular distribution and accumulation of ADR in the sensitive and multidrug-resistant HL-60 cells and its relation to multidrug resistance.Methods The subcellular distribution and accumulation of ADR were studied by confocal scanning laser microscope and flow cytometry.The effects of verapamil,BSO,brefeldin A and chloroquine on ADR distribution and accumulation in HL-60/ADR cells were also examined.Rhodamine123,NBD-ceramide and neutral red were used as fluorescent probes to stain the mitochondria,Golgi apparatus and lysosomes respectively were used to identify the subcellular compartments where ADR was sequestered.Results In drug-sensitive cell line HL-60,ADR fluorescence distributed evenly in the nucleus and cytoplasm,while in multidrug-resistant cell line HL-60/ADR,ADR fluorescence distributed in a punctated pattern in the cytoplasm and was reduced in the nucleus.The mode of ADR distribution in HL-60/ADR cells is highly similar to that of NBD-ceramide.BSO and brefeldin A,instead of verapamil and chloroquine could reverse the abnormal distribution and accumulation of ADR in HL-60/ADR cells.Conclusions The change of ADR distribution and reduction of ADR accumulation in multidrug-resistant cell line was involved in the mechanism of multidrug resistance.