Objective To investigate mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 and the factors that affect transmission. Methods 136 children who were born to HIV positive mothers in a high HIV prevalence region were interviewed and blood samples were examined for anti-HIV anti-HGV and HIV RNA or HIV DNA. Results Among 136 children who were born to HIV positive mothers, 50 were infected with HIV. The MTCT rate was 36.8% (50/136). Thirty eight DNA fragments of HIV-1 gag gene P17 obtained from HIV-1 seropositive mothers were amplified by PCR from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Sequence analyses showed that all of them were HIV-1 B subtype. The HIV vertical transmission rate among mothers with AIDS (67.4%, 31/46) was significantly greater than among those with HIV alone (21.1%, 19/90), P

Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use

DNA Damage ; DNA Glycosylases ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Repair Enzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism

Objectives:To compare the susceptibility of serum lipoproteins to oxidation and the effects of high-density lipoprotein on oxidative stress in patients with lipid turbulence.　Methods:VLDL, LDL and HDL were isolated using sequential ultracentrifugation from serum of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) (n=45), myocardial infarction survivor (MIS) (n=33) , cerebral infarction(CI)(n=33) ,type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)(n=53) and normal individuals (n=44). The degree of lipid peroxidation was estimated using the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) value and the susceptibilities of lipoproteins to oxidation were assessed by measuring the increased absorbance value at 234 nm due to the conjugated dinene formation. Lipid levels and lipoprotein fractions were measured using standard methods.　Results: VLDL obtained from the patient groups showed significant increase in TBARS values, especially from the patients with MIS (compared with control group, P<0.001). In addition, LDL from MIS and DM groups and HDL from CI and DM groups also showed markedly increase in TBARS content. Significant decrease in lag time was observed in both VLDL and LDL fractions from the four patient groups. However, no change was found in the lag time in HDL fraction from the patient group compared with control group. In addition, HDL from the four patients exhibited significantly decreased inhibitory effects on in vitro oxidation of LDL, with the most significant decrease in HDL from CRF and MIS groups.　 Conclusions:The oxidative modification of lipoproteins in vivo in patients with serum lipid turbulence might be involved in the development of atherosclerosis in these patients.

Objective To study the status of anxiety and depression on clinical decision-making participation of laryngeal cancer patients.Methods A total of 82 laryngeal cancer patients participated in the investigation by questionnaire to study the clinical decision-making participation by control preferences scale.The degree of anxiety and depression was investigated by self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale.Results During the clinical decision-making process,40.24％ of the patients were passive,29.27％ had their families as absolute representatives,20.73％ took part collaborating with their families and only 9.76％ were active.47.56％ had anxiety and 64.63％ depression,and the anxiety and depression influenced their participation in clinical decision-making postively and passively relatively.Conclusions Patients with laryngeal cancer are passive in clinical decision-making and most of them have anxiety and depression.Doctors should enhance the communication with patients,which can help to eliminate adverse psychological emotions and make satisfying clinical decision-making.

Associations between "lipid-related" candidate genes, blood lipid concentrations and coronary artery disease (CHD) risk are not clear. We aimed to investigate the effect of three newly identified lipids loci from genome-wide association studies on CHD and blood lipid levels in Chinese Han population. The genotypes of SNPs at three newly identified lipid loci and blood lipids concentrations were examined in 1360 CHD patients and 1360 age- and sex-frequency matched controls from an unrelated Chinese Han population. Allele T of rs16996148 occurred less frequently in CHD patients with the odds ratio (OR) being 0.64 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.81), after adjusting for conventional risk factors and was associated with a 33% decreased CHD risk (P<0.01) comparing with the major allele G. Individuals with GT genotype had the lowest CHD risk. No associations were found between the polymorphisms of other two loci with CHD risk and all three SNPs had no effect on lipid profile in this population. SNP rs16996148 on chromosome 19p13 is significantly associated with lower risk for CHD in Chinese Han population. However, it remains unresolved why these lipid-related loci had significantly less effects than the correspondingly expected effects on blood lipids levels in this population.

Neural stem cells in brains have capacities of proliferation and differentiation, which is very critical to rebuild the cerebral cortex functions. Therefore, it is of great importance to find key targets and network pathways that regulate the proliferation of neural stem cells, which is also a pressing problem in the medical circle. With the Notch pathway as the core of the network, this paper summarized the advance of the bimolecular network system composed of Wnt, Shh, EGFR, cytokines and Notch signal, and analyzed such key nodes as Notch receptor, CBF1, NICD, Hesl, which may become potential targets of new-type drugs in the future. With the multi-component, multi-target, multi-lever characteristics, traditional Chinese medicines have many common grounds with the network pharmacology. The active component groups or active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines are one of the material bases for showing their network pharmacological effect, which is worth exploring. This paper aims to provide a new strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease and nerve injury with traditional Chinese medicines.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Systems Biology

Using sustained release tablets of gardenia extract as model drug and DPPH radical scavenging capacity as antioxidant index, the feasibility of using pharmacodynamics index was explored to evaluate sustained release tablets. Applying the established quantifiable method of DPPH radical scavenging to the dissolved liquid of model drug, release profiles and biological effects profiles were drawn, and their correlation was discussed. A good correlation was observed by linear regression and f2 actor, suggesting that the indicator could be used to evaluate sustained release tabletsofextracts of gardenia in which iridoids were mainly involved.
Antioxidants ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Biphenyl Compounds ; metabolism ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Linear Models ; Oxidation-Reduction ; drug effects ; Picrates ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Tablets

Blood stasis theory (BST) is widely used in the department of Chinese medical dermatology. Skin lesion we often see and modern medical examination results can be used as evidence for diagnosing BST and indications for using it. Better efficacy could also be obtained by using BST in treating wind evil or heat evil induced skin disease, and itching, hemorrhagic and stubborn dermatoses as well.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pruritus ; Skin Diseases ; therapy

Objective To distinguish residual tumor from inflammation after radiofrequency ablation (RA) for hepatic VX2 carcinoma in rabbits according to the comparative study between CT and pathological findings.Methods CT and pathologic examination were performed in different stages of RFA for rabbits hepatic VX2 models,and their different performances were observed.Results Marginal enhancement band was showed with enhanced CT of both residual tumor and inflammation.Moreover,liver tissues peripheral to enhancement band were in gradual weaken pattern.The enhancement band of inflammation was most obvious on the 2~(nd) day after RFA,but weakened gradually and disappeared two weeks later.Conclusion The residual tumor and inflammation could not be distinguished through enhanced CT scanning within 1 week after RFA.Low intensity lesions with peripheral enhancement 2 weeks after RFA should be recognized as residual tumor.