INTRODUCTION
There have been very few reports on the effects of acupuncture on abnormal eye movements often seen in patients with central vertigo. Recently we had the opportunity to apply acupuncture to a case of Wallenberg's syndrome, which displays a peculiar nystagmus and vertigo. This case is reported because the effectiveness of acupuncture in improving the eye movement was proved by the electronystagmography (ENG) in collaboration with the Nihon University School of Medicine.
CASE REPORT
Patient: A 47 year old man. Diagnosis: Wallenberg's syndrome. Chief Complaint: Vertigo. Present Illness: In Nov. 1980, the patient noticed a loss of pain and temperature sense in his right limb, followed by vertigo. He was admitted to the Nihon Univ. Hospital in Dec. 1980. CT-examination of the whole body, a vertebral arteriogram, etc. indicated a circulatory failure in the left lateral area of the medulla oblongata.
In Mar. 1981, the patient visited our clinic with the chief complaint of vertigo. Present Condition: He complained of rotary vertigo. The orthostatic test was positive with both opened and closed eyes. A decrease in the pain and temperature sense on the right side of the body, except for the head, was observed.
COURSE
Acupuncture was applied to the posterior region of the neck, the back, and the lateral of the lower extremity in order to relax the muscles of these parts. After acupuncture the patient reported a decrease in his vertigo. After the twentieth session of acupuncture the symptoms improved to the extent that he could go out alone. After the twenty-second session, he returned to work. Although his vertigo and nystagmus did not completely disappear, an obvious improvement in these symptoms was seen after each session, and this improved condition remained for two or three days. With the ENG recorded before, shortly after, and 30min. after a session of acupuncture therapy, a decrease in abnormal eye movement after the session was confirmed.
CONCLUSION
Acupuncture therapy was applied to a case of Wallenberg's syndrome.
Result:
1. A short-term decrease in vertigo was observed.
2. A decrease in abnormal eye movement after acupuncture therapy was confirmed by electronystagmography.

There has been little basic research done on the number of times it is possible to measure the presence or degree of tenderness at the same location, or on the variation in the degree of tenderness with the diameter of the pressure attachments.
Changes in the degree of tenderness resulting from alterations in the area of compression were evaluated using a highly-precise digital pressure algometer developed by the authors. The results of a basic study of the relationship between the number of times pressure was applied and the changes in the degree of tenderness are also reported.

The effects of electro acupuncture on autonomic nerve functions associated with the pupil were examined by measuring the diameter of the iris (D1), the maximum rate of iris constriction (VC) and the maximum rate of iris dilation (VD) before, during and after electro acupuncture.
An iris recorder which can be used even in the supine position was used for measuring three parameters.
As a result, the change with the above stimulation was reflected in a diminution of D1, presumably influencing parasympathetic nerve. Besides, VC and VD tended to increase with light reflex, presumably improving pupillary reactivity.

The effects of acupuncture treatment were investigated in 292 patients (140 males and 152 females, average 9. 6 ± 1. 7 (S. D.) age) who complained of reduced visual acuity, including school boys and girls (6-12 age).
Acupuncture treatment involved leaving the needle inplace for 15min, after inserting to a depth of 10-15mm from the skin surface.
The vital points ; Taiyo (Ex-HN5), Fuchi (GB-20), Syokyu (ST-1) and Goukoku (L1-4) were the basic points used for acupuncture therapy with Ganen (GB-4), Sanchiku (BL-2), Zui (ST-8) or Kyokuchi (LI-11) as supplemental points depending on individual symptoms. These acupuncture treatments improved the mean acuity by 0.26 in the right eye and 0.22 in the left. Analysis of these results indicated that acupuncture treatment caused significant improvement of vlsual acuity (p<0.01).
Therefore, acupuncture therapy was considered an effective treatment that improved regulation of the ciliary muscle and the pupillary myosis system.

The effects of acupuncture treatment were investigated in 200 patients (99 males and 101 females, average age 16.1±0.2 (SE.)) who complained of reduced visual acuity, including juvenile myopia (age 13.25).
Acupuncture treatment involved leaving the needle in place for 15 min, after inserting to a depth of 10-5 mm from the skin surface.
The vital points Taiyo (Ex-HN5), Fuchi (GB-20), Shokyu (ST-1) and Goukoku (LI-4) were the basic points used for acupuncture therapy with Ganen (GB-4), Sanchiku (BL-2), Zui (ST-8) or Kyokuchi (LI-11) as supplemental points depending on individual symptoms. These acupuncture treatments improved the mean acuity by 0.33 in the right eye and 0.31 in the left.
Analysis of these results indicated that acupuncture treatment caused significant improvement of visual acuity (P<0.01). Therefore, acupuncture therapy was considered to be an effective treatment that improved regulation of the ciliary muscle and the pupillary myosis system.

Objective
 We examined the effects of acupuncture electrotherapy in young women with hie symptoms (excessive sensitivity to cold), presented in conjunction with vasomotor dysfunction as determined by the postural change test.
Subjects and Methods
 Subjects comprised 20 women (mean age, 20.6 years; range, 18-26 years) who exhibited symptoms of hie, evaluated as toe skin temperature after standing for 5 mins or a temperature difference between the right and left toes as compared to before standing. A stainless steel acupuncture needle (length, 40 mm; diameter, 0.2 mm) was inserted approximately 15 mm in SP6 (Shangqui). Acupuncture electrotherapy connected an acupuncture electrode to SP6 and a non-feeling electrode to lateral of the tibial tuberosity, and was undertaken at a frequency of 1 Hz for 20 mins. Therapy was provided as a total of 5 sessions, with 1 session each week, and the postural change test was performed before and after therapy. Thermal images from the medial aspect of the foot to the tibial aspect of the lower leg were captured using a medical thermography device, and mean skin temperature was calculated in selected regions of the toes, metatarsals, ankle, and tibial aspect of the lower leg. Therapy was evaluated using a questionnaire with two originally designed scales: a categorical scale of 14 symptoms including hie; and degree of hie on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Subjects completed the questionnaire every day during a period from 1 week before therapy sessions began until 1 week after completion of all 5 sessions. Scores for hie symptoms were calculated as mean values from the total score of the 14 symptoms and VAS each week. Changes in health-related quality of life with acupuncture were evaluated using the SF-8 Standard Edition.
Results
 Toe skin temperature just after standing was not significantly increased by therapy as compared to before standing. Skin temperature on the tibial aspect of the lower leg 20 mins after standing was significantly increased as compared to the adaptation period. In terms of hie, VAS and SF-8, no significant changes were seen before and after therapy, but total score for the 14 symptoms decreased significantly.
Conclusions
 Acupuncture electrotherapy to SP 6 did not appear to exacerbate hie symptoms after reductions in air temperature, while normalizing the postural vascular reflex and improving hie-related symptoms.

[Objectives]We investigated the behaviour factors in Hiesho (excessive sensitivity to cold symptoms), a summary score of Health-related QOL (SF-8) and Body Mass Index (BMI) in subjects who feel Hiesho (hereinafter referred to as Hiesho Subjects), in relation to sex, and showed the future direction of acupuncture therapy on Hiesho.
[Methods]After approval by the Ethics Committee, we obtained written informed consent from the participants in this study. Participants were 753students in a vocational college. The study was performed with questionnaires, which were delivered by hand to the participants in September, 2008. We analyzed 629 subjects (538 males and 91 females, mean age of 27.4 ± 6.8) whose responses were valid. The questionnaire consisted of age, sex, height, weight, subjective Hiesho, 24 behaviour patterns of Hiesho according to a previous study, and Health-related QOL (SF-8, Japanese version). We used two summaries -physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) -which are derived from standard values (scores) in the nation on eight scales of SF-8 calculated using the special scoring software. Total scores of behaviour patterns of Hiesho subjects (HIE Scores) and summary scores and BMI in male and female subjects were statistically analyzed using covariance structure analysis technique in multiple populations (Amos Ver. 7).
[Results]In our model, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and Root Mean Squares Error of Approximation were 1.00, 75.886 and 0.00, respectively, which showed a high degree of compatibility. We found the relations from Hiesho Scores to PCS (β=-0.175, p < 0.01) and MCS (β=-0.179, p < 0.001) and from PCS to MCS (β=-0.089, p=0.038) in male Hiesho subjects. In contrast, in female Hiesho subjects, there were relations from Hiesho scores to MCS (β=-0.601, p < 0.001) and from PCS to MCS (β=-0.244, p < 0.05).
[Discussion]From the results of our investigation, Hiesho was considered not to be associated with Health-related QOL in male Hiesho subjects but to be associated with mental factors in female Hiesho subjects.
[Conclusions]It was shown that we should consider the patient's sex in acupuncture therapy on Hiesho.