Eighteen untreated patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, all of whom had insomnia among their chief complaints, were randomly divided into two groups. For four weeks, nine patients (group A) were treated with neuroleptics (haloperidol) and Orengedokuto, and the remainder (group B) were treated with neuroleptics alone. Changes in schizophrenic symptoms and the number of doses of hypnotics (nitrazepam) were examined. In group A, the thought disturbance (conceptual disorganization, grandiosity, hallucinatory behavior, unusual thought content) aspect of schizophrenic symptoms improved (p=0.06), and the number of doses of hypnotics (mean=1.9) was smaller (p=0.06), as compared with group B (mean=7.7). These observations suggest that augmentation therapy with Orengedoku-to is potentially effective for the treatment of insomnia associated with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented soybean (FS) extract on adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation using cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with FS and nonfermented soybean (NFS) extract during differentiation for 10 days in vitro. Oil red O staining was performed and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity was measured for analysis of fat accumulation. Expressions of adipogenic genes were measured. RESULTS: Soluble extract of soybean fermented with Aspergillus oryzae GB107 contained higher levels of low-molecular-weight protein than conventional soybean protein did. FS extract (50 microg/ml) inhibited adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes for 10 days in vitro. Significantly lower GPDH activity was observed in differentiated adipocytes treated with the FS extract than those treated with NFS extract. Treatment with FS extract resulted in decreased expression levels of leptin, adiponectin, and adipogenin genes, which are associated with adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: This report is the first to demonstrate that the water-soluble extract from FS inhibits fat accumulation and lipid storage in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus, the soybean extract fermented with A. oryzae GB107 could be used to control lipid accumulation in adipocytes.
Adipocytes* ; Adipogenesis ; Adiponectin ; Aspergillus oryzae* ; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase ; Leptin ; Oryza ; Soybeans*