PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Haller cells and accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, and to analyze the relationships among Haller cells, AMO, and maxillary sinusitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Volumetric CBCT scans from 201 patients were retrieved from our institution's Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine archive folder. Two observers evaluated the presence of Haller cells, AMO, and maxillary sinusitis in the CBCT scans. RESULTS: AMO was observed in 114 patients, of whom 27 (23.7%) had AMO exclusively on the right side, 26 (22.8%) only on the left side, and 61 (53.5%) bilaterally. Haller cells were identified in 73 (36.3%) patients. In 24 (32.9%) they were present exclusively on the right side, in 17 (23.3%) they were only present on the left side, and in 32 (43.8%) they were located bilaterally. Of the 73 (36.3%) patients with Haller cells, maxillary sinusitis was also present in 50 (68.5%). On using chi-square test, a significant association was observed between AMO and maxillary sinusitis in the presence of Haller cells. CONCLUSION: Our results showed AMO and Haller cells to be associated with maxillary sinusitis. This study provides evidence for the usefulness of CBCT in imaging the bony anatomy of the sinonasal complex with significantly higher precision and a smaller radiation dose.
Archives ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography* ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; Maxillary Sinusitis ; Prevalence*

Hyperdontia or supernumerary teeth without associated syndrome is a rare phenomenon, as supernumerary teeth are usually associated with cleft lip and palate or other syndromes such as Gardner's syndrome, cleidocranial dysplasia, and so on. Five patients with supernumerary teeth visited our department. They had no familial history or other pathology, certain treatment protocols was modified due to the presence of supernumerary teeth. Non-syndromic supernumerary teeth, if asymptomatic, need to have periodical radiographic observation. If they showed no variation as they impacted in the jaw, careful examination is necessary because they may develop into pathological status such as dentigerous cysts. The importance of a precise clinical history and radiographic examination for patients with multiple supernumerary teeth should be emphasized.
Cleft Lip ; Cleidocranial Dysplasia ; Clinical Protocols ; Dentigerous Cyst ; Gardner Syndrome ; Humans ; Jaw ; Palate ; Tooth, Impacted ; Tooth, Supernumerary

Glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs) are rare intrabony solitary or multiloculated cysts of odontogenic origin. The importance of GOCs lies in the fact that they exhibit a propensity for recurrence similar to keratocystic odontogenic tumors and that they may be confused microscopically with central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Thus, the oral and maxillofacial radiologists play an important role in definitive diagnosis of GOC based on distinctive cases; though they are rare. In large part, this is due to the GOC's complex and frequently non-specific histopathology. This report describes a case of GOC occurrence in the posterior mandibular ramus region in a 17-year-old female, which is a rare combination of site, age, and gender for occurrence.
Adolescent ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Odontogenic Cysts* ; Odontogenic Tumors ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the uniqueness and reliability of the frontal sinuses by comparing various patterns of frontal sinus as observed on Waters' radiographs for individual identification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three Waters' radiographs of 100 individuals, taken on day one, after 6-8 months, and one radiograph with a slight variation in angulation, to mimic conditions out in the field or during autopsy. Three observers were randomly given radiographs from all there packets for comparisons and identification, by the method of superimposition and individual uniqueness. RESULTS: The comparative identification by superimposition of the frontal sinus was 100% positive. The size, shape, unilateral or bilateral presence, absence, and septa were observed to be unique in each case; neither had the measurements changed over a period of time. CONCLUSION: The need to establish a reliable, low-cost, and easily reproducible method for human identification prompted the elaboration of technical, precise, and accessible parameters, such as the evaluation of the area, asymmetry, and shape of the frontal sinus. Comparison among each of the frontal sinuses of the 100 people in the sample revealed that no two sinuses are the same, that is, the sinus is unique to each individual.
Autopsy ; Forensic Anthropology ; Forensic Dentistry ; Frontal Sinus ; Humans ; Hydrazines

Purpose: This study was conducted to establish age- and sex-specific reference standards for pterygoid hamulus (PH) dimensions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 1,000 patients (493 males and 507 females) were retrospectively assessed in coronal sections for length and width measurements of the PH by 3 investigators. The study data were divided into 3 age groups (group 1: <20 years, group 2: 20–50 years, group 3: >50 years). Length and width were compared using one-way analysis of variance and the t-test for age and sex, respectively. Results: The length of the PH on the right side significantly increased from group 1 (6.11±1.47 mm), through group 2 (6.65±1.67 mm) to group 3 (6.99±1.79 mm) and on the left side from group 2 (6.58±1.63) to group 3 (6.98±1.70). The width of the PH significantly decreased from group 1 (1.81±0.39 mm) to group 2 (1.61±0.39 mm) on the right side, and similarly from 1.87±0.36 mm to 1.67±0.37 mm on the left side. PH length (7.18±1.81 mm on the right side and 7.10±1.72 mm on the left side) and width (1.68±0.38 mm on the right side and 1.74±0.36 mm on the left side) were significantly greater in males than in females. Conclusion The length of the PH increased with age, whereas width first decreased and then increased. Length and width measurements were significantly higher in males than in females. These findings will aid in the diagnosis of untraceable pain in the oropharyngeal region related to altered PH morphology.