Higher brain dysfunctions commonly interfere with functional reconstruction during rehabilitation. Most culprit lesions causing higher brain dysfunctions are observed in the cerebral cortex. However, recently, higher brain dysfunction caused by cerebellar lesions, termed cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS), has attracted attention. Here, we report a case of CCAS in a patient with cerebellar infarction exhibiting aphasia, where arterial spin labeling (ASL) method of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to confirm decreased blood flow due to crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis (CCCD). The patient was a 5x years old, left-handed female. She was initially admitted to a neurosurgical hospital for dizziness. MRI demonstrated cerebellar infarction in the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery area. The next day, she was admitted to our hospital for surgery after the diagnosis of hemorrhagic cerebellar infarction due to progressive loss of consciousness. Craniotomy was performed to remove the hematoma. Neurological examination revealed fluent aphasia and ataxia in the left upper and lower extremities and trunk. ASL demonstrated decreased cerebral blood flow in the left cerebellar hemisphere and right front-temporal lobe. Therefore, we detected that CCCD resulted in higher brain dysfunction. After 3 months of inpatient rehabilitation, the patient's auditory comprehension, word conversion, and word recall improved. The patient was discharged unaided. This study used ASL to confirm the diagnosis and rehabilitation of the CCAS incidence effectively.

Higher brain dysfunctions commonly interfere with functional reconstruction during rehabilitation. Most culprit lesions causing higher brain dysfunctions are observed in the cerebral cortex. However, recently, higher brain dysfunction caused by cerebellar lesions, termed cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS), has attracted attention. Here, we report a case of CCAS in a patient with cerebellar infarction exhibiting aphasia, where arterial spin labeling (ASL) method of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to confirm decreased blood flow due to crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis (CCCD). The patient was a 5x years old, left-handed female. She was initially admitted to a neurosurgical hospital for dizziness. MRI demonstrated cerebellar infarction in the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery area. The next day, she was admitted to our hospital for surgery after the diagnosis of hemorrhagic cerebellar infarction due to progressive loss of consciousness. Craniotomy was performed to remove the hematoma. Neurological examination revealed fluent aphasia and ataxia in the left upper and lower extremities and trunk. ASL demonstrated decreased cerebral blood flow in the left cerebellar hemisphere and right front-temporal lobe. Therefore, we detected that CCCD resulted in higher brain dysfunction. After 3 months of inpatient rehabilitation, the patient's auditory comprehension, word conversion, and word recall improved. The patient was discharged unaided. This study used ASL to confirm the diagnosis and rehabilitation of the CCAS incidence effectively.