AIM: To evaluate the changes of subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)and central macular thickness(CMT)following phacoemulsification cataract surgery in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

METHODS: In this prospective study, 53 patients with mild or moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)without macular edema and 53 non-diabetic patients underwent uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Subfoveal choroidal thickness and central macular thickness were measured before and one month and three months after the surgery using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography(EDI-OCT)and the changes of SFCT and CMT were compared between the two study groups.

RESULTS: In diabetic cases, the mean CMT at the baseline was 267±32 μm. The CMT significantly increased after surgery with a mean value of 291±77 μm at 1mo(P=0.034)and 293±75 μm at 3mo(P=0.047). The mean SFCT at the baseline was 199±72 μm. The SFCT significantly increased after surgery with a mean value of 231±73 μm at 1mo(P=0.035)and 248±91 μm at 3mo(P=0.026). In non-diabetic cases, the mean CMT at the baseline was 264±29 μm. The CMT significantly increased after surgery with a mean value of 278±42 μm at 1mo(P<0.001)and 276±56 μm at 3mo(P=0.028). The mean SFCT at the baseline was 236±60 μm. The SFCT significantly increased after surgery with a mean value of 265±64 μm at 1mo(P<0.001)and 240±60 μm at 3mo(P=0.234). The changes of CMT were not significantly different between the study groups(all P>0.05). Although the non-diabetic cases had thicker choroid at the baseline, the change of SFCT was not significantly different between study groups 1mo postoperative(P=0.97)and was borderline 3mo after surgery(P=0.05).

CONCLUSION: CMT and SFCT significantly increased post operatively in both groups. The changes of CMT and SFCT were not significantly different between diabetic and non-diabetic cases.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of resveratrol against CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups randomly. After six weeks, kidney weight, body weight, blood urea, serum creatinine, oxidative stress markers, and gene expression of renal transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β receptor type 1 (TGF-βR1) and Smad3 were determined. In addition, the protein level of TGF-β1 in the tissue lysate was measured. Results: Resveratrol had a protective role in renal tissue by the improvement of antioxidant balance and reduction of renal parameters such as creatinine and urea (P<0.001). In addition, the renal mRNA level of TGF-β1, TGF-βR1, Smad3, as well as the protein level of TGF-β1 were decreased in rats treated with resveratrol (P<0.001), compared to the CCl4 group. Conclusions: Overall, resveratrol shows a protective effect against nephrotoxicity in CCl4 treated rats by reducing oxidative stress status and modulating the TGF-β signaling.

Purpose: To investigate the role of serum uric acid and leukocyte counts and ratios as predictors of clinical outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab in diabetic macular edema. Methods: In this prospective study, the patients were treated with three monthly intravitreal bevacizumab. The correlation of serum uric acid and immune cell indices with the changes of best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness at the end of month 3 were evaluated through univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 80 eyes from 80 diabetic patients were included in the study. The difference of uric acid level and immune indices between groups with different retinopathy severity was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Lower duration of diabetes (p = 0.045), monocyte count (p = 0.021), and uric acid level (p < 0.001) were correlated with larger improvement in visual acuity at 3-month visit. Higher logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution of baseline visual acuity (p = 0.007), lymphocyte count (p = 0.008), lymphocyte to neutrophil ratio (p < 0.001) and lymphocyte to platelet ratio (p < 0.001) were correlated with larger improvement in visual acuity at 3-month visits. According to multivariate analysis, baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (r = 0.125, p = 0.009), duration of diabetes (r = -0.216, p = 0.047), lymphocyte to neutrophil ratio (r = 0.712, p < 0.001), lymphocyte to platelet ratio (r = 0.238, p < 0.001), and uric acid level (r = -0.397, p < 0.001) were the significant predictors of changes in visual acuity in our subset of patients. Conclusions Serum uric acid and leukocyte counts and ratios may predict the response of diabetic macular edema to intravitreal injection.

AIM: To evaluate the role of a single intravitreal injection of tissue plasminogen activator ( TPA) alone for treatment of vitreomacular traction and the effect of combined intravitreal TPA and bevacizumab on retinal vascular diseases.? METHODS: In this prospective, interventional case series a total of 24 eyes from 24 patients were studied. There were 5 eyes with symptomatic vitreomacular traction syndrome ( VMT ) and 19 eyes with retinal vascular diseases including diabetic macular edema ( DME ) , diabetic vitreous hemorrhage ( VH ) , central retinal vein occlusion ( CRVO ) and neovascular age related macular degeneration ( AMD ) . Measurement of visual acuity, B-scan and OCT were performed at the baseline and 1mo after injections. Three eyes with VMT received a single intravitreal injection of 50 μg and two eyes received 100 μg TPA. And 19 eyes with retinal vascular diseases received combined intravitreal TPA ( 50μg) and bevacizumab (1. 25 mg).?RESULTS: The mean ages for retinal vascular diseases and VMT patients were 56. 8y and 60. 4y, respectively. Ten patients ( 41. 7％) were male and 14 patients ( 58. 3％) were female. And 22 eyes ( 91. 7％) were phakic and 2 eyes ( 8. 3％) were pseudophakic. The incidence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was 0 (0 of 5) and 57. 8％ (11 of 19) for VMT and retinal vascular diseases, respectively (P= 0. 04). Improvement of best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) and decrement of central macular thickness ( CMT ) were significantly greater in PVD positive eyes compared with PVD negative eyes.?CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of TPA was not successful to induce complete PVD in VMT patients. Combined intravitreal injection of TPA and bevacizumab can induce PVD and improve BCVA and decrease central macular thickness in eyes with retinal vascular diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of resveratrol against CCl