No abstract available.

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: A cytogenetic survey of the mentally retarded children in Seoul City Welfare Center for the Mentally Retarded and St Peter school has been undertaken. METHODS: The chromosome analysis was carried out in 92 males and in 66 females as a total of 158 cases. RESULTS: Abnormal karyotypes were observed in 22.2% of the total cases (35/158). Autosome and sex chromosome anomaly were observed in 20.3%(32/158) and 1.9%(3/158) respectively. Of 35 cases of anomaly, 91.4%(32/35) was autosome anomaly and 8.6%(3/35), sex chromosome anomaly. CONCLUSION: Down syndrome karyotype was the most frequent anomaly among autosome anomalies which was 62.5%(20/32) and other autosome anomalies were observed in 37.5%(12/32).
Abnormal Karyotype ; Child* ; Cytogenetics* ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Male ; Mentally Disabled Persons* ; Seoul ; Sex Chromosomes

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to find out mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid mutations in preeclampsia because Mendelian models fail to explain all the patterns of inheritance in preeclampsia. METHODS: Ten preeclampsia patients and two of their related family members who have the obstetric history of preeclampsia were studied. The mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acidleu[UUR] gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction, cut by a restriction endonuclease (Apa , and also sequenced to see the whole gene. RESULTS: There were neither the known mutation at Nucleotide 3243 nor other mutations on the mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acidleu[UUR] gene in these objects. CONCLUSION: It seems that the known mutation of mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acidleu[UUR] gene is not so frequently detected in preeclampsia of South Korean, But it could not be concluded how many South Korean women with preeclampsia have the mutation.
DNA ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Female ; Humans ; Point Mutation* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; RNA* ; Wills

OBJECTIVE: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed in the detection of Chlamydia(C) trachomatis, Mycoplasma(M) hominis and Ureaplasma(U) urealyticum, which have been common causes of sexual transmitted diseases in the female genital tracts and in neonatal infection. To investigate tbe frequency of these organisms in the female genital tract infection and to know any association of these infections with clinical manifestations, PCR was performed. METHODS: PCR was performed in 300 cases of vaginal swabs and 154 paraffin embedded tissues including 50 cases of chronic endometritis, 50 cases of cleonic salpingitis, 50 cases of ectopic tubal pregnancy and 4 cases of normal endometrium. RESULTS: Among 300 cases of vaginal swabs, C. trachomatis, M. hominis and U. urealyticum were detected in 1.3%, 4.0%, and 29.6%, respectively. Mixed infection was found in 12.0%. the overall positive rate was 47.0%. The cytologic features from C. trachomatis, M. hominis and U. urealyticum positive patients revealed no specific findings. The clinical manifestations between positive and negative cases for these organisms had no differences. In tissue samples, only C. trachomatis was detected 2% of chronic endometritis, 8% of chronic salpingitis and 4% of ectopic tubal pregnancy. CONCLUSION: With the above results, it suggests C. trachomatis can evoke an ascending chronic infection of the female genital tracts and ectopic tubal pegnancy,
Chlamydia trachomatis* ; Chlamydia* ; Coinfection ; Endometritis ; Endometrium ; Female* ; Humans ; Mycoplasma hominis* ; Mycoplasma* ; Paraffin* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Reproductive Tract Infections* ; Salpingitis ; Ureaplasma urealyticum* ; Ureaplasma*

No abstract available.
Fruit* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Cytogenetics* ; Humans

Fourty three patients known to hnve cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were assigned to Papanicolaou smear in five different ways, i, e, A) cotion tipped wood applieator at the pasterior vaginal fronix and the ectocervix, B) cotton tipped wood applicator at the ectocervix and the endocervical canal, C) Cytohrush at the endocervical canal, D) Cervexbrusk and E) Cyto-spatula. At the completion of cytologic study, all the subjects were done colposcopically directed biopsy and/or ECC. To evaluate the false negative rates of the cytologic test, cervical cone biopsy or hysteectorny was performed on all the patient. The false negat,ive rates were 53.5% in A) 39.5% in B), 14,0% in C), l8.6% in D), 25.6% in E) and statistical differences occurect between each group, It was also found that bleedings were most frequently endountered in E) and the encocervical cells were most frequently appeared in C). With these results, it can he stated that the rate of negative encocervical cells in the srnear were correlated with the false negative rates of cervical cytology.
Biopsy ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Papanicolaou Test ; Wood

No abstract available.

The addition of a monthly course of progesterone decrease the incidence of endometrialhyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. The progesterones used in hormonal replacementtherapy(HRT) differ markedly in their progesteronic, androgenic and even estrogenicactivities. These characteristics may influence both symptomatic and metabolic side effects.The purpose of this study was to examine effect of bone and lipid metabolism inpostmenopausal women treated with conjugated equine estrogens plus dydrogesterone.A total 131 postmenopausal women(surgical menopause=95, natural menopause=36)and not-treated postmenopausal women(control=22) were invited to participate in thisstudy. Patients were divided into groups which had received conjugated equine estrogen(CEE)0.625 mg/day 21-day-cycle each month(n=20), CEE 0.625 mg/day plus Dydrogesterone 10mg/day 10-day-cycle each month(n=111), and no treatment control group(n=20).Serum lipid and lipoprotein(Triglyceride, Total cholesterol, High density lipoprotein, Lowdensity lipoprotein) and serum osteocalcin, urinary Deoxypyridinoline were examined in allpatients.There were no significant differences in bone and lipid metabolism between CEE andCEE plus Dydrogesterone groups.In conclusion, Dydrogesterone may be used safely in postmenopausal women withoutMetabolic side effect.
Cholesterol ; Dydrogesterone* ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipoproteins ; Metabolism* ; Osteocalcin ; Progesterone