No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Estrogens* ; Humans ; Receptors, Estrogen* ; Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland*

During recent 3 years, we reviewed 42 patients with staghorn stones, who underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with the Wolf Piezolith 2300 lithotriptor, to deter- mine whether ESWL monotherapy is a successful alternative. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Of 42 patients 10 had complete staghorn stones with 88.7mL in mean volume and 32 incomplete staghorn stones with 22.6mL in mean volume. 2.Mean session of ESWL was 7.8 in overall cases(8.8 in complete staghorn stones and 7.5 in incomplete staghorn stones). The overall success rate was 66%(60% in the complete staghorn stone and 69% in the incomplete staghorn stone). 3. Of 10 patients with stone less than 15mL, 8(80 %) showed stone -free after 5 mean sessions. Of 12 patients with stone between 15mL to 25mL, 9(76%) revealed stone-free after 6.6 mean sessions. Of 11 patients with stone between 25mL to 50mL, 6(55%) showed stone-free after 10.1 mean sessions. Of 9 patients with stone more than 50mL, 5 (56% ) revealed stone-free after 9.4 mean sessions. 4. Twelve patients showed partial response and 2 patients non-response. Of these 14 patients 6 underwent Open surgery, 5 still had remnant stones and 3 were lost to follow up. 5. The post-ESWL complications were flank pain in 18 patients(43% ), gross hematuria in 11 (26%), high fever in 4(10%) and steinstrasse in 13(31%). We conclude that ESWL monotherapy for staghorn stones is considered to be a safe and effective modality, except for bringing partial response in some cases and requiring long durations to get stone-free.
Fever ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Shock* ; Wolves

The cesarean section has been considered as one of the most prime and most commonly performed operations in the obstetrics and gynecology field. In fact, all cesarean sections have depended upon the operator`s experience. However, there have been several cases reported on new technique of cesarean section in many developed countries, but not in Korea until we started the recent research. We have developed a new type of cesarean section named FAST(Finger Assisted Stretching Technique) through study on strength/weakness of other operation techniques as well as many other researches we conducted in the past plus our own experiences. To find the differences on the following subjects; operating time, postoperative complication, and recovery period. We compared and analyzed data from using new and traditional techniques. We selected 120 patients(group A using FAST: 45 patients, group B using traditional technique: 75 patients) as samples for this study. Together, they were all conducted cesarean section at Korea University, Guro Hospital between May 1993 and December 1995. Student-t-test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. We consider that below 0.05 for P value is statistically significant. The results of comparative study between two groups are; 1. There was no comparative difference on average age: group A: 29.6(range 23~39, S/D 7.1) group B: 31.1(range 24~38, S/D 5.4) 2. There was a significant difference on average operation times: group A: 15.4 min.(range 11~19, S/D 3.6) group B: 41.3 min.(range 23~50, S/D 19) 3. There was a significant difference on average amount of bleeding: group A: 580 ml(range 450~750, S/D 101) group B: 916 ml(range 800~1000, S/D 99) 4. There was a significant difference on the value of hemoglobin before and after operation group A: 0.8 g/dl(range 0.4~1.6, S/D 0.25) group B: 1.9 g/dl(range 0.9~2.6, S/D 0.21) 5. There was a significant difference on average period of hospitalization: group A: 3.7 days(range 3~4, S/D 0.7) group B: 6.4 days(range 5~8, S/D 0.6) 6. No one from group A experienced any infection, but 3 cases of wound infection and 2 cases of voiding difficulty were reported from group B. 7. 11 cases from group A and 16 cases from group B had laparotomy for some other reasons, later. There was no adhesion found in group A, but adhesions found in 2 cases from group B.
Cesarean Section* ; Developed Countries ; Female ; Fingers* ; Gynecology ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Korea ; Laparotomy ; Obstetrics ; Postoperative Complications ; Pregnancy ; Wound Infection

Background: Management of periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) is reportedly challenging. Different patterns of PFFs would occur based on whether stem fixation was primarily cemented or cementless and whether these patterns would be associated with clinical outcomes, such as subsidence, fracture union, and complications, after stem revision. Methods: A retrospective comparative study was performed, involving 52 PFF patients treated with tapered fluted modular stems (TFMSs). In the 52 patients with Vancouver B2 or B3, including 21 cemented stems and 31 cementless stems, fracture patterns and bone stock were analyzed. Clinical outcomes after revision surgery using the TFMSs were compared between the two groups. Results: Transverse or short oblique type PFFs occurred around the cemented stem with loosening at the bone-cement interface. The Paprosky type III femoral deficiency and Vancouver type B3 fracture were observed more frequently in the cemented stem group. Otherwise, spiral fractures occurred more frequently in the cementless group (p < 0.001). Excessive subsidence of > 5 mm was observed more frequently in the cemented stem group (p < 0.001). The re-revision rates were higher in the cemented group than in the cementless group (p = 0.047). Conclusions In our study, it was found that the patterns of transverse or oblique PFFs were more frequently produced with cemented stems, while long spiral fractures were more frequent with cementless stems. Stem subsidence and reoperation related to complications were more common in patients with PFFs around cemented stems than those with PFFs around cementless stems.

Adenomyosis is a nonneoplastic hyperplastic lesion, characterized by invagination of proliferating endometrial glands into myometrium. In dogs, uterine adenomyosis is relatively rare and it is important in Toxicologic Pathology to differentiate other non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in uterus. In the present study, we report two cases of adenomyosis in the female beagle dogs used for a chemical toxicity test. Clinically, one out of the two female beagle dogs, 15 months of age, had vaginal bleeding for 2 weeks and the other one, 11 months of age, showed swelling of vulva for a week. At necropsy, the weight of uterus was markedly increased to 27.9 g and 15.8 g, compared with the mean value (4.01+/-2.37, n=6) of that of other normal dogs, respectively. The parameters of hematology and serum chemistry were ranged normal in both of the dogs with enlarged uterus. For differentiation of connective tissue with muscle fibers, Van Gieson stain was also performed in the serial tissue sections. Histopathologically, the lesions of the enlarged uteruses were characterized by proliferating endometrial glands into myometrium, surrounded by connective tissue. The endometrial glands were proliferating downward to myometrium or embedded in multiple clustered glands in deeper myometrium without compressing the adjacent muscle fibers. The gland epithelial cells are uniformly cuboidal shape with a dense and bottom-located nucleus. These gross and histological findings were consistent with adenomyosis.
Adenomyosis ; Animals ; Connective Tissue ; Dogs ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Hematology ; Humans ; Mice ; Muscles ; Myometrium ; Toxicity Tests ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterus ; Vulva

The authors attempted a pdssibility of unifcation in the educational curricula of both Oriental and Western medical schools for the unification of two medicines . Historically the two medicines were originated from the most primitive state like intinctive method and we can say two medicines were entirely same. However after abrupt and current development of science in 19 century by discovery of microscope and bacteria as well as cells changed medicine into recent unbelievable current medicine from old ancient style medicine like Chinese Medicine which was just the remnant old medicine. The unification of educational curricular is thought to be possible to combine each other by technical adjustment from mutual understanding and cooperations for the most high quality of people's lives. There were good equality to partial corrrespondances between two educational curricular around 90 % at two pre- and schools from the study to analyse. The combined medicine is thought to be more efficient to the diagnosis and treatment of patients because of the effectiveness of Oriental medicine in a certain disease conditions like chronic illness by acupuncture as a alternative medicine or herbs.
*Curriculum ; Education, Medical/*history ; English Abstract ; History of Medicine, 19th Cent. ; History of Medicine, 20th Cent. ; Korea ; Medicine, Oriental Traditional/*history ; Western World/*history

In order to differentiate the causes of Cushing's syndrome; whether it is pituitary or adrenal-dependent, a high dose dexamethasone suppression test is usually performed but this does not always correlated with the imaging diagnosis. We report a case of bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, which was thought to be independent to adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) stimulation. At first we thought it was pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome, due to its suppression by high dose dexamethasone. However, we found no abnormal findings on the brain sella magnetic resonance image (MRI). A significant finding, however, we found bilateral adrenal masses on the abdominal computed tomography (CT). We performed percutaneous selective adrenal venous sampling (PSAVS), and confirmed hypercortisolism of the left adrenal mass only. Therefore, we decided to remove the left adrenal gland to preserve the residual function of the right adrenal gland. After the left adrenalectomy, the patient became normotensive, and their buffalo hump disappeared, and her 24 hour urinary free cortisol level returned to normal.
Adrenal Glands ; Adrenalectomy* ; Brain ; Buffaloes ; Cushing Syndrome* ; Dexamethasone ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hyperplasia*

BACKGROUND: We investigate the influence of cell surface adhesion receptor integrin alphavbeta3, alpha5beta1 contributes to proliferation and migration of tumor cell in osteosarcoma for carves out a new treatment model by regulation of integrin roles in human osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed proliferation assay, total 11 cell lines including 7 osteosarcoma cell lines established from patients and 4 osteosarcoma standard cell lines. Murine monoclonal anti-alpha5beta1 and anti-alphavbeta3 (Chemicon International Inc. Temecula, CA) were used for growth inhibition assays. We also performed cell motility assay by using the Boyden chamber to evaluate the effect of integrin mediated cell migration. We used the HOS standard osteosarcoma cell lines and each separates contained serum free media with mouse IgG1 negative control antibody, anti-alpha5beta1 antibody and anti-alphavbeta3 antibody. RESULTS: Proliferation of cells decreased significantly in 10 out of 11 cell lines when blocking with alphavbeta3 or alpha5beta1 respectively. Blocking with anti-alphavbeta3 antibody decreased significantly tumor cell proliferation in 10 cell lines. Among the 10 cell lines, 7 cell lines showed significantly more decrease of proliferation with anti-alphavbeta3 antibody than with anti-alpha5beta1antibody. Blocking with anti-alpha5beta1 antibody decreased significantly tumor cell proliferation in 10 cell lines. Among the 10 cell lines, 3 cell lines showed significantly more decrease of proliferation with anti-alpha5beta1 antibody than with anti-alphavbeta3 antibody. Including statistically not significant 2 cell lines the growth inhibition of osteosarcoma cell lines was more obvious (10 out of 11) in blocking with anti-alphavbeta3 antibody. The migration of cells was significantly decreased when blocked with anti-alpha5beta1 antibody and anti-alphavbeta3 antibody. CONCLUSION: Under the based on the integrin alphavbeta3, alpha5 beta1 are central role on proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells, we could be more approach to new therapeutic endeavors with antibody to integrin alphavbeta3, alpha5beta1 molecular target of osteosarcoma.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Migration Assays ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation* ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Integrin alphaVbeta3* ; Mice ; Osteosarcoma*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanism of RECK gene (a novel MMP inhibitor) in human osteosarcoma and evaluation of RECK as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteosarcoma cell lines were established from tumor samples of 23 patients who had been treated from March 2003 to April 2004 and 4 standard cell lines (HOS, MG-63, SaOS-2, U-2OS). We isolated the RNA from 27 cell lines and evaluated the expression level of RECK gene using quantitative real time-PCR method. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression were evaluated by gelatin zymography. Five cell lines were selected which had a statistical significance between RECK gene up-regulation and MMP expression (p=0.01). Then 5 cell lines and 3 standard cell lines were transfected by RECK gene. We compared RECK gene expression with MMP down-regulation between transfected cell lines and non-transfected cell lines. Invasion of transfected cell lines were evaluated by invasion assay using matrigel. RESULTS: RECK genes were expressed in all cell lines and 1 cell line showed especially high expression. In zymography, pro-MMP-2 was expressed in almost cell lines whereas pro-MMP-9 was rarely expressed. RECK gene expressions were increasingly high and MMP expressions were low in transfected cell lines via zymography. Transfected HOS cells decreased invasiveness in matrigel invasion assay and showed small number of migrated cells. It had a statistical significance (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: It is expected that down-regulation of MMP by RECK gene expression can be used as a biologic marker. It can be a new therapeutic strategies and valuable prognostic factors in treating osteosarcoma.
Biomarkers ; Cell Line ; Down-Regulation ; Gelatin ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma* ; RNA ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation