No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Arbovirus*

No abstract available.
C-Peptide* ; Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Histocompatibility Testing* ; Humans ; Insulin* ; Islets of Langerhans*

No abstract available.
Pleural Effusion*

Even though titanium(Ti) and its alloys are the most used dental implant materials, there are some problems that Ti wears easily and interferes normal osteogenesis due to the metal ions. Ti coated with bioactive ceramics such as hydroxyapatite has also such problems as the exfoliation or resorption of the coated layer. Recent studies on implant materials have been proceeding to improve physical properties of the implant substrate and bio Compatibility of the implant surfaces. The purpose of the present study was to examine the physical property and bone tissue compatibility of bioinert nitrides ion plated Ti. Button type specimens(l4mm in diameter, 2.32mm in height) for the abrasion test and cytotoxicity test and thread type implants(3.75mm in diameter, 6mm in length) for the animal experiments were made from Ti(grade 2) and 316LVM stainless steel. Ti specimens were ion plated with TiN, ZrN by the low temperature arc vapor deposition, and the depth profile of the TiN/Ti, ZrN/Ti ion plated surface was examined by Auger Electron Spectroscopy. Three kind of button type specimens of TiN/Ti, ZrN/Ti and Ti were used for abrasion test, and HEPAlClC7 cells and CCD cells were cultivated for 4 days with the specimens for cytotoxicity test. Thread type implants of TiN, ZrN/Ti, Ti, 316LVM were implanted on the femur of 6 adult dogs weighing l0kg-l3kg. Two dogs were sacrified for histological examination after 45 days and 90 days, and four dogs were sacrificed for the removal torque test of the implants after 90 days. The removal torque force was measured by Autograph (Shimadzu Co., AGS-l000D series, Japan). Abrasion resistance of TiN/Ti was the highest, and that of ZrN/Ti and Ti were Followed. The bioinert nitride ion plated Ti had much better abrasion resistance, compared with Ti. In the cytotoxicity test, the number of both cells were increased in all specimens, and there were no significant difference in cytotoxic reaction among all groups (p>0.1). In histological examination, 316LVM showed the soft tissue engagement in interface between the implant and bone, but the other materials after 45 day5 noted immature new bone formation in the medullary portion along the implant surface, and those after 90 days showed implant support by new bone formation in both the cortical and the medullary portion. The removal torque force of TiN/Ti showed significantly higher than that of Ti(p0.05), and that of 316LVM was lowest among all groups(p<0.05). These results suggest that bioinert nitrides ion plated Ti can resolve the existing problems of Ti and bioactive ceramics, and it may be clinically applicable to human.
Adult ; Alloys ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Ceramics ; Dental Implants ; Dogs ; Durapatite ; Femur ; Humans ; Ions ; Osteogenesis ; Spectrum Analysis ; Stainless Steel ; Tin ; Titanium* ; Torque

This is a cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationships between physical fitness, leisure time physical activity, and serum lipid levels in middle-aged male workers. Physical fitness was measured by a step test score, and leisure time physical activity was self-reported on a questionnaire. Serum total cholesterol was negatively related to physical fitness(r=-0.27), and positively to obesity index(r=0.27). But leisure time physical activity was related to total cholesterol negatively(r.-0.20) only in subjects whose total cholesterol levels were above 170mg/dl. High density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol was positively related to physical faintness(r=0.15), negatively to obesity index(r=-0.22), and positively to weekly alcohol consumption(r=0.14). Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio was related to physical fitness(r=-0.23), obesity index(r=0.32), total cigarette index (r=0.13), weekly alcohol consumption(r=-0.13), and vegetable preference(r=0.13) physical fitness was also related to leisure time physical activity(r=0.19) and obesity index(r=-0.18). In multiple linear regression models, physical fitness(beta= -0.23) and obesity index(beta=0.18) were significantly associated with total cholesterol, obesity index(beta=-0.25) with HDL cholesterol, and obesity index(beta=0.30), physical fitness(beta= -0.16) and vegetable preference (beta=0.14) with total cholesterol HDL cholesterol ratio. In conclusion, as physical fitness has a stronger relationship with serum lipid levels than leisure time physical activity, and the association between physical fitness and leisure time physical activity is modest, physical fitness should be added as an important variable in addition to activity in future epidemiologic studies.
Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Leisure Activities* ; Linear Models ; Male* ; Motor Activity* ; Obesity ; Physical Fitness* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Products ; Vegetables

BACKGROUND: We investigate the influence of cell surface adhesion receptor integrin alphavbeta3, alpha5beta1 contributes to proliferation and migration of tumor cell in osteosarcoma for carves out a new treatment model by regulation of integrin roles in human osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed proliferation assay, total 11 cell lines including 7 osteosarcoma cell lines established from patients and 4 osteosarcoma standard cell lines. Murine monoclonal anti-alpha5beta1 and anti-alphavbeta3 (Chemicon International Inc. Temecula, CA) were used for growth inhibition assays. We also performed cell motility assay by using the Boyden chamber to evaluate the effect of integrin mediated cell migration. We used the HOS standard osteosarcoma cell lines and each separates contained serum free media with mouse IgG1 negative control antibody, anti-alpha5beta1 antibody and anti-alphavbeta3 antibody. RESULTS: Proliferation of cells decreased significantly in 10 out of 11 cell lines when blocking with alphavbeta3 or alpha5beta1 respectively. Blocking with anti-alphavbeta3 antibody decreased significantly tumor cell proliferation in 10 cell lines. Among the 10 cell lines, 7 cell lines showed significantly more decrease of proliferation with anti-alphavbeta3 antibody than with anti-alpha5beta1antibody. Blocking with anti-alpha5beta1 antibody decreased significantly tumor cell proliferation in 10 cell lines. Among the 10 cell lines, 3 cell lines showed significantly more decrease of proliferation with anti-alpha5beta1 antibody than with anti-alphavbeta3 antibody. Including statistically not significant 2 cell lines the growth inhibition of osteosarcoma cell lines was more obvious (10 out of 11) in blocking with anti-alphavbeta3 antibody. The migration of cells was significantly decreased when blocked with anti-alpha5beta1 antibody and anti-alphavbeta3 antibody. CONCLUSION: Under the based on the integrin alphavbeta3, alpha5 beta1 are central role on proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells, we could be more approach to new therapeutic endeavors with antibody to integrin alphavbeta3, alpha5beta1 molecular target of osteosarcoma.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Migration Assays ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation* ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Integrin alphaVbeta3* ; Mice ; Osteosarcoma*

PURPOSE: Absorbable bone fixation materials for operation of facial bone fracture are composed of poly- lactic acid(PLA) & poly-glycolic acid(PGA). These materials are absorbed after facial bone healing period. Therefore, these materials are harmless in human body. But because of it's radioopacity, the number and the location of the materials are not checked in follow-up X-ray examination. We studied absorbable bone fixation materials checked radiological examination. So, we made the absorbable plate composed of PLA, Hydroxyapatite (HA) and Gold(Au). METHODS: Plate 1 was consisted of pure PLA. Plate 2 was consisted of PLA(50%) and HA(50%). Plate 3-7 were consisted of PLA(50%), and variable composition of HA & Au. The ratio of Au was as following. From the plate 3 to plate 7, the Au ratio was 1%, 5%, 10%, 17%, and 25%, respectively. Total 3 examinations were used -naked eye examination, simple X-ray examination, and Haunsfield unit of plate in CT examination. RESULTS: Naked eye examination found out that the color of plate 1 was most white. As the Au ratio increases, the color of plate was getting close to khaki color. the radioopacity of plate 2 was similar cortical bone of face in simple X-ray. The Haunsfield unit of cortical bone of face was 1000 HU. Haunsfield unit of titanium plate was 2900 HU. Haunsfield unit of plate 1 through plate 7 were -242, 1489, 1776, 3052, 3092, 3095, and 3095, respectively. CONCLUSION: Radioopacity of plate 2 was similar to cortical bone of face. In CT examination, Hanusfield unit of plate 2 was similar to Hanusfield unit of cortical bone of face. Hanusfield unit of plate 4-7 were similar to Hanusfield unit of titanium plate. So to trace bone fixation materials after facial bone surgery, the best ratio of Au is about 1-5%. If this study is applied to facial bone surgery, radiologic follow up would be easy after facial bone surgery.
Durapatite ; Eye ; Facial Bones ; Follow-Up Studies ; Human Body ; Humans ; Titanium

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to investigate the osteogenic induction potential of PGA & FBS mixture on a calvarial defect in the rabbit. METHODS: Twenty New zealand white rabbit, weighing from 3.5-4kg were allocated into each of the three groups. Four 8mm sized bone defects were made on the parietal bone by drilling. In group I, the bony defects were implanted with 50 micrometer thickness film containing mixture of PGA and FBS. In group II, with PGA only film, & in group III, the bony defects were left with no implants. Results were evaluated by using morphologic change, radiographic study, biochemical study and histologic examination at 1 week (group I n=7, group II n=7, group III n=14), 2 weeks (group I n=6, group II n=6, group III n=12) and 3 weeks (group I n=7, group II n=7, group III n=14) following implantation. RESULTS: In the morphologic & radiographic study, the formation and corticalization of callus were observed earlier in group I than in groups II and III (p<0.05). In histological examination, group I showed more abundant and faster new bone formation than in group II and III. In biochemical analysis, group I displayed more activity than in group II and III. Group I also showed more abundant osteopontin, osteocalcin than groups II and III. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the mixture of PGA and FBS has an effect on osteoblastic formation in the rabbit model. It is considered that further evaluation of long term results on resorption, immunologic tissue reaction and response of applied mixture in the human model will be needed.
Bony Callus ; Humans ; New Zealand ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis ; Osteopontin ; Parietal Bone

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to investigate the osteogenic induction potential of PGA & FBS mixture on a calvarial defect in the rabbit. METHODS: Twenty New zealand white rabbit, weighing from 3.5-4kg were allocated into each of the three groups. Four 8mm sized bone defects were made on the parietal bone by drilling. In group I, the bony defects were implanted with 50 micrometer thickness film containing mixture of PGA and FBS. In group II, with PGA only film, & in group III, the bony defects were left with no implants. Results were evaluated by using morphologic change, radiographic study, biochemical study and histologic examination at 1 week (group I n=7, group II n=7, group III n=14), 2 weeks (group I n=6, group II n=6, group III n=12) and 3 weeks (group I n=7, group II n=7, group III n=14) following implantation. RESULTS: In the morphologic & radiographic study, the formation and corticalization of callus were observed earlier in group I than in groups II and III (p<0.05). In histological examination, group I showed more abundant and faster new bone formation than in group II and III. In biochemical analysis, group I displayed more activity than in group II and III. Group I also showed more abundant osteopontin, osteocalcin than groups II and III. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the mixture of PGA and FBS has an effect on osteoblastic formation in the rabbit model. It is considered that further evaluation of long term results on resorption, immunologic tissue reaction and response of applied mixture in the human model will be needed.
Bony Callus ; Humans ; New Zealand ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis ; Osteopontin ; Parietal Bone

A non-isotopic in situ hybridization method with biotin-labelled oligonucleotide probes was used to examine growth hormone(GH) and prolactin(PRL) gene expression in 32 patients with pituitary adenomas; 13 were prolactinomas, 8 GH secreting adenomas, and 11 mixed GH and PRL secreting adenomas.Positive immunostaining for GH was found in all patients with GH secreting adenomas, and mixed GH and PRL secreting adenomas. Positive immunostaining for PRL was found in all patients with prolactinomas and 9(81.8%) of 11 mixed GH and PRL secreting adenomas, 5(62.5%) of 8 GH secreting adenomas. Immunohistochemistry revealed that 13 were lactotrope adenomas, 5 somatotrope adenomas, and 14 GH and PRL cell adenomas.In situ hybridization revealed that GH mRNA expression was found in all the patients with somatotrope adenomas and GH and PRL cell adenomas, and 6(46.1%) of 13 lactotrope adenomas. PRL mRNA expression was 100% in lactotrope and GH and PRL cell adenomas, and 4(80.0%) of 5 somatotrope adenomas.The patients with a clinical diagnosis of acromegaly had detectable PRL mRNA in their neoplasm and it is suggested that the PRL cells in the adenomas did not result from dedifferentiation, but from the neoplastic stimulus for some mixed tumors probably occurred in cells previously committed to produce PRL and GH. In lactotrope adenomas, the PRL cells of the patients without expression of GH mRNA may be arised from cells programmed to secrete PRL or precussor PRL cells rather than from mixed GH-PRL cells. The finding that some patients produced mRNA detectable by in situ hybridization, but no hormone detectable by immunohistochemistry within tumor was suggested of a silent adenoma.These observations indicated that in situ hybridization studies may improve the classification of pituitary adenomas and may provide a precise knowledge of the biology of these neoplasms.
Acromegaly ; Adenoma ; Biology ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Gene Expression ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Methods ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Prolactin ; Prolactinoma ; RNA, Messenger