Objective To evaluate the MRA by measuring the diameter of the stenosis artery and the contralateral normal vertebral artery with unilateral stenosis. Methods Seventeen-six patients were divided into normal group and vertebral arterial type of cervical spondylosis group.Among 26 vertebral arterial type of cervical spondylosis cases,13 cases appeared as vertebral arterial type with unilateral stenosis of ≤1.6 mm in diameter .Statistics assessment of MRA in stenosis and contralateral artery was engaged. Results The unilateral artery stenosis diameter measured

Cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A(CYP3A),a major member of cytochrome P450(CYP)family,is one of the most important drug metabolizing enzymes in human.CYP3A includes 4 gene subtypes(CYP3A4,CYP3A5,CYP3A7,and CYP3A43),which is involved in 60%of drug metabolism in the human.It is not only widely distributed in normal tissues,but also significantly overexpressed in various tumor tissues.Recently,CYP3A has attracted great attention due to its involvement in the progression from chronic atrophic gastritis to gastric cancer,as well as the differential metabolism and resistance of chemotherapeutic drugs.Targeting CYP3A gene mediated-prodrug provides new ideas for the treatment of gastric cancer and is expected to become a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

Objective: To establish a method for determining the content of total polysaccharides in decoction pieces of Polyporus,analyze the content of total polysaccharides in samples with different sources and grades. Method: The relative molecular weight and the polydispersity index of polysaccharides in decoction pieces of Polyporus were measured by a high performance gel chromatography coupled with a multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index system.Dextran with similar molecular weight as polysaccharides was selected as the reference substance.Orthogonal experiment and single factor tests were used to optimize the pretreatment conditions for the determination of total polysaccharides in Polyporus.Polysaccharides in Polyporus with different areas and grades were determined by anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method at 630 nm. Result: The linearity,stability,precision,repeatability and recovery rate of the established method all reached the standards,respectively.The content of total polysaccharides in samples from different areas ranged from 0.87% to 1.39%.The content of total polysaccharides in samples with different grades was 1.40% for first-grade pieces,1.21% for second-grade pieces, and 1.03% for third-grade pieces. Conclusion: The established method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and it can be used for the determination of polysaccharides in decoction pieces of Polyporus.The content of polysaccharides in samples from different origins varies greatly.The content of polysaccharides in samples with different grades shows a certain regularity.The content of polysaccharides is the highest in the first-grade pieces,followed by the content in the second-grade,and the lowest in the third-grade.The results can provide a reference for formulating limits for the content of total polysaccharides and the grade standard of decoction pieces of Polyporus.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of Crohn′s disease (CD)-related gastrointestinal stenosis, and to summarize and analyze the corresponding treatments.Methods:From January 2010 to December 2018, 122 patients diagnosed with CD and hospitalized in the Seventh Medical Center, PLA General Hospital were selected including 72 patients in gastrointestinal stenosis group and 50 patients in non-gastrointestinal stenosis group. The gender, age of onset, course of disease, location of lesions involved (Montreal classification), disease activity, extraintestinal manifestations, application of therapeutic drugs, and complications were compared between the two groups. The treatment of CD patients with gastrointestinal stenosis was analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of CD patients with gastrointestinal stenosis. The independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The age of onset of patients in gastrointestinal stenosis group was older than that in non-gastrointestinal stenosis group ((37.6±15.1) years old vs. (30.8±14.7) years old), and course of disease was longer than that of non-gastrointestinal stenosis group (72 months, 11 to 492 months vs. 45 months, 3 to 240 months); and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-2.044, Z=-2.770; P=0.018, 0.006). The proportion of patients with ileum involvement of the gastrointestinal stenosis group was lower than that of the non-gastrointestinal stenosis group (69.4%, 50/72 vs. 86.0%, 43/50), and the proportion of severe patients was higher than that of the non-gastrointestinal stenosis group (15.3%, 11/72 vs. 4.0%, 2/50); and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.463 and 3.942, P=0.035 and 0.047). There were no significant differences in gender, use of therapeutic drugs, extraintestinal manifestations, application of therapeutic drugs or the incidence of complications between the patients of two groups (all P>0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that the age of onset and course of disease were risk factors of CD-related gastrointestinal stenosis ( β=0.028, odds ratio ( OR)=1.028, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.000 to 1.056, P=0.046; β=0.008, OR=1.008, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.015, P=0.013). Further stratified analysis revealed that the incidence rates of CD-related gastrointestinal stenosis in patients with age of onset over 40 years old and course of disease more than five years were higher than those of patients with age of onset less than 40 years old and course of disease less than five years (76.3%, 29/38 vs. 51.2%, 43/84; 68.4%, 39/57 vs. 50.8%, 33/65), and the differences were statistically significant ( OR=3.072, 95% CI 1.298 to 7.272, P=0.009; OR=2.101, 95% CI 1.002 to 4.406, P=0.048). Among the 72 CD patients with gastrointestinal stenosis, 15 cases (20.8%) were treated with medicine and nutrition, without endoscopic or surgical treatment. Fifty-two patients (72.2%) underwent surgical treatment, among them six patients (11.5%) received twice surgery, the interval between the two operations was 46 months (1 to 204 months), and eight patients (15.4%) had postoperative complications. Twenty-one patients (29.2%) were treated with endoscopic dilatation, and no complications occurred after surgery. Five patients (23.8%) underwent surgical treatment during the follow-up period. Conclusions:The age of onset over 40 years old and the course of disease more than five years are the risk factors of CD-related gastrointestinal stenosis. Individualized medical treatment is the basis for the treatment of CD-related gastrointestinal stenosis. Surgery is still the main treatment. The endoscopic treatment is safety and can delay or avoid surgery to a certain extent.

Hyaluronic acid is widely used in biomaterials, cosmetics, clinical medicine and other fields due to its good biocompatibility, degradability, hydrophilicity, tumor targeting, viscosity and other characteristics. Pharmacodynamic activities of natural small molecular products which derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are significant, but their low solubility and poor targeting limit the clinical application. Based on supramolecular properties of hyaluronic acid, in this review, numerous studies were reviewed on the improvement of solubility, bioavailability, targeting and suitable dosage forms of small molecular compounds in TCM by domestic and foreign scholars using hyaluronic acid as carrier. It provides new ideas and inspirations for exploring the potential application value of small molecule compounds in TCM and even for the research and development of new drugs.